1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 323及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 The Press Conference I. Advantages of the Press Conference the event itself having 【 T1】 _ 【 T1】 _ the previously-made stateme
3、nts functioning as a 【 T2】 _ 【 T2】 _ an 【 T3】 _ way to break the news to groups of reporters 【 T3】 _ II. Disadvantages of the Press Conference hard to get worthwhile information due to the 【 T4】 _ 【 T4】 _ the news source setting 【 T5】 _, eg: 【 T5】 _ a)who to ask the questions and the 【 T6】 _ of the
4、answers are decided 【 T6】_ b)any 【 T7】 _ can be avoided 【 T7】 _ c)tough questions can be 【 T8】 _ 【 T8】 _ d)the time, place and 【 T9】 _ of the interview are set 【 T9】 _ III. Factors in successful news coverage preparation: a need to keep up to date on journalistic subject matter 【 T10】 _ of the news
5、source: needing to be regarded with caution 【 T10】_ the nature of the questions asked: 【 T11】 _ the nature of the answers 【 T11】_ - five ways to improve the questions: a)using words with 【 T12】 _ 【 T12】 _ b)avoiding 【 T13】 _ 【 T13】 _ c)【 T14】 _ the time, place and context 【 T14】 _ d)asking 【 T15】 _
6、questions 【 T15】 _ e)making clear alternatives, or no alternatives in answers 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be div
7、ided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the be
8、st answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. （ A） She is enrolled in a masters degree course at present. （ B） She is working on a bachelors degree for the second year. （ C） She did Psychology as her major and English as a minor. （ D） She works as
9、an English teacher in a primary school. （ A） Because it is an entirely theoretical course. （ B） Because it is beneficial for employment. （ C） Because it involves practical elements. （ D） Because her parents advised her to do so. （ A） Not all of the students appreciate her work. （ B） Many students ha
10、ve difficulty in independent study. （ C） Some of the students advocate the course to others. （ D） All students are serious about pursuing language power. （ A） She majored in Teaching English as the Second Language. （ B） She participated in Music, Science as well as Art course. （ C） She did physical
11、activities such as golf and horse-riding. （ D） She made friends with many English speaking people. （ A） Early in August. （ B） Some time in July. （ C） In the middle of May. （ D） Nearly the end of June. （ A） Because they lack the interest in classroom study. （ B） Because they dont have enough money to
12、 do that. （ C） Because they have to stay home for being unsociable. （ D） Because they cant afford the public transport. （ A） Meeting their desire to learn on their own. （ B） Improving their learning abilities greatly. （ C） Substituting boring classroom learning. （ D） Preventing bad learning experien
13、ces. （ A） Process of evaluating test usefulness. （ B） Process of designing a set of tests. （ C） Accuracy in diagnosing strength. （ D） Accuracy in diagnosing weakness. （ A） Color of the cover. （ B） Accompanying tapes. （ C） Title and author. （ D） Unimportant details. （ A） Because she tries to be infor
14、mative. （ B） Because she has nothing to do later on. （ C） Because she wants to be impressive. （ D） Because she recalls something about the book. 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 323答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to t
15、he mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the ga
16、p-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 Press conference is an all too familiar phenomenon around us. However, when people start thinking about its advantages, it sometimes seems difficult to think of any that the press conference provides for the competent news reporters. Use of the press conference by public off
17、icials and private entrepreneurs helps to give rise to the phrase “pseudo-event“ an event contrived to create news coverage where none has been considered warranted. However, having said that, one value of the news conference by a public official is the symbolic nature of the event, and perhaps this
18、 is reason enough to continue the practice. At a press conference a public official supposedly submits to examination by responding to unsolicited and perhaps hostile questions. A related advantage to the reporter is that the press conference affords an opportunity to get a public official “on the r
19、ecord“ with regard to government policies. Statements from a press conference can serve as criteria against which subsequent statements and policies are measured. In that regard press conference information may be used as reference points more so than comments reported by a single news medium. Also,
20、 when there is a single issue or topic to address, such as a new government programme, an earthquake, or the nomination of a new government minister, the press conference offers benefits of efficiency in that officials can speak to a number of reporters at once on an issue of public concern and inte
21、rest. The press conference may be at its best in this almost one-way format. Now, lets move on to the disadvantages. Are there any serious ones? Generally speaking, the press conference format, as it stands, makes it difficult for the reporter to get worthwhile information. At a press conference, pa
22、rticularly a large one, the well-prepared reporter may never get to ask a question and certainly is unlikely to have a chance to ask a follow-up question. Another disadvantage in a press conference comes from the news source, that is the news provider. The news source generally decides who asks the
23、questions, determines the length of the answers, and can avoid any follow-up questions and rephrase tough questions to his or her liking, and sets the time, place, and duration of the interview. Press conferences televised live for the news audience sometimes only highlight the disadvantages for the
24、 news reporter, since there is little or no time to challenge, clarify, or place in context material provided by the news source. Despite these disadvantages and others inherent in how reporters gather information, the news reporter can help assure that worthwhile information from a news source is s
25、hared with the news audience. One way to reduce the likelihood of errors is to use multiple forms of interviewing, by telephone, in person, and at press conferences as well as multiple sources. Common to the success of these approaches, however, are such interrelated ingredients as the preparation o
26、f the news reporter, the competence of the news source, and the nature of the questions asked. Lets look at the preparation first. The nature of much of news coverage requires reporters to be well read on contemporary events. Like other professionals and craftsmen, the reporter must keep up to date
27、on journalistic subject matter, that is the human condition. Although this subject is broad, it offers the advantage that there is little a reporter can read or witness that will not help in covering the news at one time or another. Next, being prepared for an interview includes giving some thought
28、to the competence of the news source. The relationships between news reporters and news sources would benefit the news audience more if reporters would frequently ask themselves what is this news source competent to talk about. What can this person tell the news audience that few others can? Two wor
29、ds of caution regarding issue of competence. First, the reporter should not take for granted that, because of position or experience, the news source who should know does know and can provide information. Second, the competence of the news source needs to be linked with news-gathering methods. Lets
30、just spend a minute on the first point. There are generally four conditions under which the reporter should not give credence to a news sources information. One, the source may not know the information the reporter wants. Two, the source may have the information and want to share it but may lack the
31、 verbal skills or the concepts to do so. Three, the source may have the desired information but not want to share it or, worse, may lie to avoid sharing information. Last, the source may be willing to share the information but unable to recall it. Now, in addition to preparation of the reporter and
32、competence of the news source, there is one more important ingredient in successful news coverage, that is the nature of the questions asked. It is generally agreed that the nature of the question can shape the nature of the answer. General questions like “Are you for market economy?“ may lead to th
33、e respondent saying virtually anything and still being rather vague. On the other hand, a too narrow question may limit the respondent to one particular answer only. In order to gather information from news sources as accurately as possible, reporters can improve the questions in the following five
34、ways. Firstly, avoid words with double meanings. Secondly, avoid long questions. Thirdly, specify the time, place, and context you want the respondent to assume. And number four, it is often helpful to ask questions in terms of the respondents own immediate and recent experience rather than in gener
35、alities. Finally, either make explicit all the alternatives the respondent should have in mind when answering the question or make none of them explicit. Do not lead the news source by suggesting a desired answer and not mentioning other alternatives. OK. To sum up, todays lecture has covered some o
36、f the advantages and disadvantages of the press conference, and three important factors in successful news coverage. In our next lecture, well continue to discuss how to become a competent news reporter. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 symbolic nature 【试题解析】 讲座提到，官方主持的新闻发布会的其中一个好处在于新闻发布会本身的象征性本质 (symbolicnature)
37、，即新闻发布会具有象征性，因此这里应该填入 symbolic nature。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 criterion reference standard yardstick 【试题解析】 新闻发布会的另一个优点是 “发布会上所说的内容可用作此后的表述与政策的评判标准 (criteria)”。由于空格前使用了不定冠词 a，故应填 criteria的单数形式 criterion。讲座中还提到，新闻发布会所提供的信息也可用作参考，故此处填入 reference亦可，或者填入近义词 standard或 yardstick。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 efficient
38、【试题解析】 讲座提到，当有单个问题或话题要讲时，新闻发布会有效率高的好处 (benefits of efficiency)，因为行政官员可以把某个公众关心或感兴趣的问题同时对很多记者讲。根据空格后的 break the news to groups of reporters，可知这里应填入 efficiency的形容词形式 efficient，表示 “效率高的方式 ”。 【知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 format manner 【试题解析】 讲座明确指出新闻发布会的第一个缺点是其形式 (format)让记者难以获得有价值的信息。故填入 format或其近义词 manner。 【知识模
39、块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 limitations restrictions 【试题解析】 讲座提到，新闻发布会的另一个缺点来自新闻信息源 (即新闻发布会的发言人 )，接着便指出具体的表现。这些表现体现的应是新闻信息源所设置的约束性规定，故可填入名词 limitations或 restrictions，以概括提纲所举的例子。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 length 【试题解析】 本空格需补充完整与新闻发布会新闻信息源不足之处相关的第一个表现。讲座中首先提到新闻信息源可以决定谁提问以及回答问题的时长 (the length of the answers)，填入 length。 【知
40、识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 follow-up questions 【试题解析】 本空涉及第二个表现。讲座中提到新闻信息源可以回避任何后续问题 (can avoid any follow-up questions)，填入 follow-up questions。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 rephrased 【试题解析】 本空考查新闻信息源不足之处的第三个表现。讲座中提到新闻信息源可以按照自己的喜好重新诠释尖锐的问题 (rephrase tough questions to his or her liking)。由空格前的主语 tough questions和 can be可
41、知，本空应填入 rephrase的过去分词形式 rephrased。 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 duration 【试题解析】 本空涉及新闻信息源不足之处的另一个表现。讲座在讲述新闻信息源的不足之处时，提到新闻信息源可以设定会谈的时间、地点和持续时间。讲座中 the time、 place和 duration是并列关系，故填入原词 duration。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 competence qualification 【试题解析】 讲座中提到成功的新闻报道有三个要素 (ingredients)，包括记者自身要做的准备工作、新闻信息源 (即新闻发布会的发言人 )
42、要称职 (competence)以及提问的性质。本题是第二个要素，故填 competence或近义词 qualification。如果此处信息未能听清，讲座随后在分别讲述这三个要素时， competence of news source的说法多次出现，应能捕捉到。 【知识模块】 听力 11 【正确 答案】 shaping 【试题解析】 所提问题的性质 (the nature of the questions asked)是成功的新闻报道的第三个要素，讲座提到人们普遍认为所提问题的性质可以决定答案的性质 (can shape the nature of the answer)。由于提纲中上一题分
43、号后使用了动词的分词形式，故此处应填入 shaping，以保持形式上统一。 【知识模块】 听力 12 【正确答案】 single meanings 【试题解析】 讲座讲述了 5种改进所提问题的方法， 其中第一种就是避免使用有双重意思的词汇 (words with double meanings)，反过来说，就是使用只有一种意思的词汇，故此处填入 single meanings。 【知识模块】 听力 13 【正确答案】 long questions 【试题解析】 本空考查改进所提问题的第二种方法。讲座中提到应避免提出长问题 (avoid long questions)，故答案为 long que
44、stions。 【知识模块】 听力 14 【正确答案】 specifying 【试题解析 】 作为改进所提问题的第三种方法，讲座中提到应指定时间、地点和背景 (specify the time， place and context)，考虑到与本空并列的前两处提纲均为分词形式，故填入 specifying。 【知识模块】 听力 15 【正确答案】 specific immediate explicit 【试题解析】 讲座中提到第四种改进所提问题的方法是所问的问题应与发言人自己当前或最近的经历有关，而不是一些概括性的问题 (in generalities)，即问一些具体、确切的 (specific
45、)问题，故此处应填入 specific或 explicit，也可填入讲座中的immediate。 【知识模块】 听力 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONC
46、E ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. 16 【听力原文】 M: Good Morning, Sally Leung. W: Good Morni
47、ng, thank you. I sit here? With the view out of the window? How nice it is to look out of the window to look at the green things. M: Yes. Now, can I just confirm your particulars, Sally? You are at present enrolled in a masters degree course in one of the local institutions and teaching a summer pro
48、gramme, is that right? W: Yes, thats right, an MA in Teaching English as the Second Language. Im doing a second year. Its a modular course, and it has practical elements. I chose it for that reason. I didnt want a course of study that is entirely theoretical. M: And you have some experience of guidi
49、ng students in independent study? W: Yes, thats right. We do language counseling, and help each person to design a language improvement plan that suits his or her needs, temperament and level and circumstances. I think they really appreciate that, or at least some of them. Of course you find those who dont, not at all, but theyre not the ones who really want to, wh
