1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 36及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lectu
2、re. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 How to Write a Dissertation I. Two necessary preparations A. Planning【 B1】 _【 B1】 _ B. The maintenance
3、 of balanced life all you have to do: devote time to physical, social, intellectual, emotional and spiritual well-being II. The general idea A. A thesis is a hypothesis or conjecture B. A dissertation is a lengthy,【 B2】 _【 B2】 _ 1. Scientific method The scientific method needs a【 B3】 _ of evidence【
4、B3】 _ to support a hypothesis to deny a hypothesis 2.【 B4】 _【 B4】 _ the essence of a dissertation a dissertation concentrates on principles 3. Supporting materials A dissertation must【 B5】 _ every statement with a【 B5】 _ reference or original work It does not repeat details of published materials It
5、 uses the results as fact III. Learning from the exercise A. Getting trained to【 B6】 _ with other scientists【 B6】 _ B. Learning to think deeply IV. Definitions and terminology A. Each technical term must be defined by a reference to a definition【 B7】 _【 B7】 _ by a precise, unambiguous definition bef
6、ore a)the term is used for a new term b)a standard term used in an unusual way B. Each term should be used in one and only one way throughout the dissertation V. Language points A. Good writing is【 B8】 _in a dissertation【 B8】 _ B. Using active constructions C. Writing in the【 B9】 _ tense【 B9】 _ D. D
7、efining negation early E. Paying attention to grammar and logic VI. Key to success:【 B10】 _【 B10】 _ 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer t
8、he questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Gary prefers The Times to The Herald and City Journal because （ A） it devotes more pages to s
9、ports events. （ B） it puts the horoscopes on the front page. （ C） it has a much longer history. （ D） it contains more pictures. 12 According to the woman, the purpose of The Times campaign of saving the childrens hospital is to （ A） do something worthwhile and rewarding. （ B） scare the people walkin
10、g in the street. （ C） attract peoples attention. （ D） criticize the authorities. 13 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） The Journal offers very little space for baseball stats. （ B） Gary feels ashamed at having a baseball team in his city. （ C） The woman seems to like The City Journ
11、al. （ D） The woman is not a sports fan. 14 According to Gary, most of the jobs offered in The Times job section are （ A） jobs around the country. （ B） jobs overseas. （ C） jobs on the other side of the state. （ D） local jobs. 15 According to the woman, what keeps The Journal and The Herald from raisi
12、ng their prices? （ A） The scrutiny of the local authority. （ B） The readers protest against high prices. （ C） Efficient staff in The Journal. （ D） The low price of The Times. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the
13、 questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Whats the main idea of this news item? （ A） Israel and Palestinians are pushed to have peace talks. （ B） The U.S. and the UN are committed to peace efforts. （ C） Unrest in Jerusalem was bet
14、ween Israel and Palestine. （ D） Israel has occupied eastern part of Jerusalem. 17 The governments plans aim to （ A） introduce a trading scheme. （ B） win a general election. （ C） decrease greenhouse emissions. （ D） control the upper house of the parliament. 18 Which of the following statements is INC
15、ORRECT? （ A） The governments plans have been rejected by the Australian parliament. （ B） Imported mining sector will be stimulated by the carbon trading scheme. （ C） The carbon trading scheme is to cope with global warming. （ D） The scheme is not popular outside Labor Party. 19 The deal that the Sud
16、anese government has signed is NOT related to （ A） quashing the death sentence against the JAM fighters. （ B） releasing 30% of the JAM fighters. （ C） a framework agreement for future talks. （ D） a permanent ceasefire agreement. 20 _ people are estimated to have died in Darfur by United Nations. （ A）
17、 300,000 （ B） 10,000 （ C） 30000 （ D） 290000 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 36答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to compl
18、ete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 How to Write a Dissertation Good afternoon, everyone
19、. Welcome to todays lecture about writing. I have known that you are preparing to write a dissertation at present. Unless you have written many formal documents before, you are going to find that its difficult! So, in todays lecture, I will talk about methods for writing a dissertation. The foremost
20、 things you should know are two necessary preparations for successful completion of a dissertation. The first is planning ahead. A plan imposes a structure on the project and prevents you from drifting aimlessly for long periods of time. It will help motivate you to work during tedious or difficult
21、phases and provides the incentive to make sacrifices. The second is the maintenance of healthy balance. The dissertation is such a time-consuming project that it can seem impossible to lead a balanced life. Without a healthy balance of life, you may feel angry, resentful, frustrated, overwhelmed, an
22、d depressed on a consistent basis. In order to maintain a healthy balance, it is often helpful to devote time every day and week to your physical, social, intellectual, emotional and spiritual well-being. Next, I will provide you with a few general ideas about a dissertation. As we know, a thesis is
23、 a hypothesis or conjecture. A dissertation is a lengthy, formal document that argues in defense of a particular thesis. So many people use the term “thesis“ to refer to the document that a current dictionary now includes it as the third meaning. No. 1: Scientific method. The scientific method adopt
24、ed in a dissertation means starting with a hypothesis and then collecting evidence to support or deny it. Before one can write a dissertation defending a particular thesis, one must collect evidence that supports it. Thus, the most difficult aspect of writing a dissertation consists of organizing th
25、e evidence and associated discussions into a coherent form. No. 2: Critical thinking. The essence of a dissertation is critical thinking, not experimental data. Analysis and concepts form the heart of the work. A dissertation also concentrates on principles: it states the lessons learned, and not me
26、rely the facts behind them. No. 3: Supporting materials. In general, every statement in a dissertation must be supported either by a reference to published scientific literature or by original work. But, a dissertation does not repeat the details of critical thinking and analysis found in published
27、sources; it uses the results as fact and refers the reader to the source for further details. Each sentence in a dissertation must be complete and correct in a grammatical sense. Moreover, a dissertation must satisfy the strict rules of formal grammar. For example, no undefined technical jargon, no
28、hidden jokes, and no slang, even when such terms or phrases are in common use in the spoken language. Indeed, the writing in a dissertation must be clear. Shades of meaning matter, the terminology and prose must make fine distinctions. The words must convey exactly the meaning intended, nothing more
29、 and nothing less. Each statement in a dissertation must be correct and defensible in a logical and scientific sense. Furthermore, the discussions in a dissertation must satisfy the strictest rules of logic applied to mathematics and science. Thirdly, we have to know what one should learn from the e
30、xercise. All scientists need to communicate discoveries; the dissertation provides training for communication with other scientists. Writing a dissertation requires a student to think deeply, to organize technical discussion, to muster arguments that will convince other scientists, and to follow rul
31、es for rigorous, formal presentation of the arguments and discussion. When writing a dissertation, we should also be clear about definitions and terminology. Each technical term used in a dissertation must be defined either by a reference to a previously published definition for standard terms with
32、their usual meaning or by a precise, unambiguous definition that appears before the term is used for a new term or a standard term used in an unusual way. And each term should be used in one and only one way throughout the dissertation. The easiest way to avoid a long series of definitions is to inc
33、lude a statement. Then, only define exceptions. The introductory chapter can give the intuition of terms provided they are defined more precisely later. Last but not least important is language points. There is a principle we should remember, i.e. good writing is essential in a dissertation. As for
34、voice, remember to use active constructions. For example, say “the operating system starts the device“ instead of “the device is started by the operating system.“ Then write in the present tense. For example, say “The system writes a page to the disk and then uses the frame“ instead of “The system w
35、ill use the frame after it wrote the page to disk“. Moreover, you should define negation early. For instance, say “no data block waits on the output queue“ instead of “a data block awaiting output is not on the queue.“ At last, you should be careful that the subject of each sentence really does what
36、 the verb says it does. All computer scientists should know the rales of logic. Unfortunately the rules are more difficult to follow when the language of discourse is English instead of mathematical symbols. When written using mathematical symbols, the differences are obvious because “for all“ and “
37、there exists“ are reversed. As far as the language points are concerned, there is a key to success: practice. No one ever learned to write by reading essays like this. Instead, you need to practice and practice. This is the secret to writing a good dissertation. To conclude, we have discussed some n
38、ecessary preparations before writing a dissertation. What follows are some guiding principles, including some general ideas of a dissertation and how to reach a good writing. Finally, I provide you with a key to successful writing, i.e. practice. After this lecture, I hope you may find your disserta
39、tion-writing smooth. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 ahead/beforehand 【试题解析】 讲座的主题是 “methods for writing a dissertation(撰写学位论文的方法 )”，接着提出 2个必要准备，其中之一就是 planning ahead，可知答案为ahead，或其近义表达 beforehand。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 formal document 【试题解析】 录音材料提到博士学位论文是一种 lengthy， formal document，由此可知答案为 formal document。定义性或概念性的信
40、息是常考之处，也是理解全文的关键。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 collection 【试题解析】 原文材料提到 “科学的方法为：先提出假设，再收集证据对其进行论证或推翻 ”，空格处需要一个名词，由此可知答案为 collection。序列词之后的信息为常考点。 【知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 critical thinking 【试题解析】 录音材料提到第二点为 “批判地思考 ”，其后又提及 “学位论文的精髓要 求批判地思考 ”，对照考题，由此可知答案为 critical thinking。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 support 【试题解析】 根据录音原文 “一
41、般来说，论文中的每一个论证都应具备相应的支持 (support)，无论是已出版的科技文章还是原著 ”。可知答案为 support。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 communicate 【试题解析】 此题谈到人们应从练习中学习的其中一个方面，即 “所有的科学家都需要对所发现的事物进行交流探讨博士论文就为此提供了训练 的机会 ”，可知答案为 communicate。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 previously published 【试题解析】 此题谈论文写作中的下定义和术语界定，具体提到 “用于学术论文中的每一个术语，都必须收录在之前出版的标准术语参考文献中 ”，由此可知
42、答案为 previously published。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 essential important vital 【试题解析】 此题涉及人们必须知道的最重要原则，即 Good writing is essential in a dissertation由此可知答案为 essential，或其近义表达 important或 vital。 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 present 【试题解析】 此题涉及论文写作中的时态，录音原文建议 write in the present tense，再对照考题，可知答案为 present。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正
43、确答案】 practice 【试题解析】 此题总结成功的秘诀，即 there is a key to success： practice。由此可知答案为 practice。 【知识模块】 听力 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of t
44、he interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 【听力原文】 M: Have you seen this story in The Herald? It says The Times is closing down in three months time. W: Gary, thats good news, that newspaper is terrible. I wont miss it. M:
45、 What do you mean? The Times is the best newspaper in the city. If that closes, well only have The Herald and that City Journal which is too awful for words. W: You only like The Times because it takes up to 20 pages every day with sports. This is a newspaper which puts the horoscopes on the bottom
46、of the front page. I think that tells you how serious it is. M: Come on. Thats hardly fair now, is it? Remember the campaign they did last year to save the childrens hospital. You cant tell me you didnt think that was a worthwhile thing to do. W: They only did that because they knew it would strike
47、a nerve with the average guy in the street. You know, saving a childrens hospital. Its like the ultimate in populist journalism. Do you remember reading their article a couple of months before criticizing the local authorities wasting money on out-of-date healthcare facilities, including the very sa
48、me childrens hospital? They have only ever written what they think will sell more newspapers. M: Well, it obviously didnt work if theyre closing, did it? W: No, and thank heavens for that. The City Journal is a great paper and you dont like it because it doesnt devote 5 pages every day to baseball s
49、tats. M: This is a baseball city. Weve got a great team. Why shouldnt we read about it? Where are we going to get the results now? The Journal puts all the results in one tiny box on the back page and The Herald gives them maybe a half page. Its almost as if they feel ashamed at having a successful team here. I just dont see why people buy The Journal. W: Err, maybe because it has authentic journalists working t
