1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 41及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lectu
2、re. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Controlling Your Concentration I. The concerned information of concentration A. Your attention span【 B
3、1】 _ e.g. the ticking of a watch sounds【 B1】 _ as if it increases and fades although the intensity of it is constant B. You pay attention to one thing at a time a(n)【 B2】 _: you attend to several concepts at a time【 B2】 _ In high concentration: the shift from focus of attention is a)of short【 B3】 _【
4、 B3】 _ b)relatively infrequent C.【 B4】 _ of your attention vary to different degrees【 B4】 _ high level: long periods of attending; short distraction periods low level: short periods of attending; long distraction periods moderate level: a mixture of two extremes e.g. One cant concentrate because【 B5
5、】 _are too strong【 B5】 _ II. Two sorts of distractors A. Psychological distractors 【 B6】 _ are the most powerful distractors【 B6】 _ a)angry man forgets the pain b)fearful man is hard to be happy c)anxious man is uneasy about the smallest of matters people act【 B7】 _ under pressure【 B7】 _ B. Physical
6、 distractors traits: always present and rarely understood physical distractors on mental tasks a)background music could affect comprehension and【 B8】 _【 B8】 _ b)distractors affect the ability to recall accurately c)noise affects mental task adversely III. Routine and【 B9】 _ are affected differently
7、by distractors【 B9】 _ A. Distraction may not affects routine tasks in some backgrounds B. Exceptional people do well under(10)because【 B10】 _ motivation plays importantly differences exist in individual spans of attention 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B
8、10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now
9、 listen to the interview. 11 Which of the following is NOT true about Sallys education and experience? （ A） She pursues an MA degree in Teaching English. （ B） She has some experience of language counseling. （ C） She dislikes the pragmatic aspects of her major. （ D） She currently works for a summer p
10、rogramme. 12 Which is INCORRECT about Sallys education in Australia? （ A） She took courses in both Arts and Science. （ B） There were very limited choices of courses. （ C） It included courses for physical development. （ D） She took Psychology as her minor. 13 What is the major responsibility of the j
11、ob Sally applies for? （ A） Helping students to learn by their own initiative. （ B） Designing tests to assess students learning abilities. （ C） Substituting classroom learning with independent learning. （ D） Catering for needs of the disabled and financially needy. 14 What does Sally fail to recollec
12、t about the book to help students pronunciation? （ A） Color of the cover. （ B） Accompanying tapes. （ C） Title and author. （ D） Unimportant details. 15 Which of the following can best describe the interviewer? （ A） Critical and aggressive. （ B） Doubtful and fussy. （ C） Arrogant and impatient. （ D） Sy
13、mpathetic and experienced. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 As an increasing practice, some Ameri
14、can schools pay students who （ A） give teachers extra help. （ B） get engaged in many activities. （ C） show up in class. （ D） offer constructive advice. 17 Which of the following shows the result of the programme to pay students? （ A） It has nothing to do with higher math score. （ B） It works sometim
15、es, but its not panacea. （ C） It leads to higher scores in social studies. （ D） It encourages students to do better in science. 18 What is the main idea of the news item? （ A） Stricter security restrictions were imposed on luggage. （ B） Luggage delivery services offer travelers convenience. （ C） New
16、 services caused a lot of trouble in checking luggage. （ D） Airlines give travelers opportunities to fly first class. 19 What is the major drawback to the new luggage delivery services? （ A） The pickup time is not scheduled. （ B） Extra packaging is required. （ C） Valuables are easily lost. （ D） The
17、price could be lower. 20 A poll by Dow Jones predicted mat durable goods orders in February would （ A） drop 1.7%. （ B） increase l.7%. （ C） drop 0.8%. （ D） increase 0.8%. 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 41答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture
18、ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-fillin
19、g task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Controlling Your Concentration Good morning, everyone. Today our topic is on how to control your concentration. First of all, we have to look at definition of concentration. Psychologically defined, concentration is the proces
20、s of centering ones attention over a period of time. In practical application, however, concentration is not as simple to deal successfully with as the definition may imply. For this reason, it is helpful to keep the following points in mind. The first point, your attention span varies. Even with th
21、e greatest effort, our span of attention fluctuates. You can demonstrate for yourself this fluctuation of attention. In a quiet room, place a watch so that it can just scarcely be heard. Listen carefully and notice how the ticking increases in apparent intensity, fades to a point where it cannot be
22、heard, and then increases again. This phenomenon reveals how our span of attention fluctuates, for the intensity of the ticking is actually constant. Secondly, you pay attention to one thing at a time. Evidence to date indicates that you attend to one idea at a time. It is possible for your attentio
23、n to shift so rapidly that it seems that you attend to several concepts at once. But apparently this is only an illusion. In high concentration the shift from the focus of attention is of short duration and relatively infrequent. Thirdly, we will talk about levels of high, moderate, and low attentio
24、n. High-level attention has long periods of attending and short distraction periods. In low-level attention the periods of attending are short and the distraction periods long. In moderate-level attention, there is a mixture of the extremes. Thus it is easy to see that it is highly unlikely that the
25、 student who has most of his attention centered on fancying at large will be able to recall even the major points of a lecture. Lack of concentration is a symptom, not a cause, of difficulty. When a student says “I cant concentrate“, what he is really saying is, “I cant attend to the task at hand be
26、cause my distractors are too strong.“ Fourthly, we come to the two sorts of distractors psychological and physical. A distractor is anything which causes attention to vary from a central focal point. In the study situation distractors may be thought of as either psychological or physical in nature.
27、Both types of distractors must be understood before the student can attempt to remedy his lack of concentration. It has been proven by scientists that emotions are the most powerful distractors. The angry man forgets the pain of injury, the fearful man finds it difficult to enjoy pleasure and the te
28、nse or anxious person may react violently to the smallest of matters. In the students life there are many psychological pressures and tensions which block effective productivity. The fears about making the grade, the doubts of the friendliness of a friends behaviour and the pressures of limited fina
29、nces these are only a few of the emotional forces which affect the student. Emotional reaction varies greatly from person to person. Some persons gain goal and direction from their tensions and actually do better because of them. Others fall apart under pressure, while a few people do well despite t
30、he pressure. Physical distractors are always present and rarely understood. Our environment is much more important to how we feel and react than we often think. Particularly is this true of the effect of physical distractors on mental tasks. One research report has shown that comprehension and reten
31、tion of reading were decreased when students listened to lively music. However, rate of reading was not affected, so that many students were not aware that they were affected by the background distractor. Another study found that the ability to recall accurately was affected by distracting condition
32、s. Most of the evidence indicates that noise affects adversely higher mental task output. Still, the effect of distractors is seldom fully appreciated by students. Next, we are going to talk about routine and reasoning tasks are affected differently by distractors. Many routine tasks can be performe
33、d with distraction in the background with little or no adverse effect on output. Most students have found this fact to be true from their own experience. They may have had high school homework which was drill or merely copying assignments. It was possible to do such work with the latest recordings o
34、r the television set playing in the background. In time such students began to feel certain that they could do all work routine or problem-solving in the same manner. The evidence indicates the contrary conclusion. Last but not least, weve got to remember that exceptions may mislead you. Typically w
35、hen students are faced with the evidence on distractors the argument is given that their cousin, friend, or classmate can study in “Grand Central Station.“ And he makes “all As“ too! There is evidence, of course, that motivation plays an important role in overcoming the effects of distractors and th
36、at there are considerable differences in individual spans of attention. Either of these factors could account for some individuals being able to do well using inefficient methods. The fact that some exceptional people do well under adverse conditions scarcely justifies your assuming that you are exc
37、eptional in the same manner. Your chances of success are higher if you avoid the distracters which are known to hinder the typical student. To sum up what we have discussed today. Generally speaking, today we mainly focused on concentrations and we have provided with you six suggestions on how to co
38、ntrol your concentration. We hope these suggestions will be helpful. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 varies fluctuates 【试题解析】 整篇讲座的主题是如何控制注意力。首先提出 concentration的定义，接下来讲述第一个要点 “你的注意力范围是变化 (varies)的 ”，接着又再次提到“即使付出最大努力，我们注意力的范围还是波动 (fluctuates)的 ”。因此此空可填入 varies或 fluctuates。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 illusion misconceptio
39、n 【试题解析】 录音原文提到， “你的注意力可能转移得很快，似乎能立刻注意到几个概念 ”，但紧接着说这种现象 “是错觉 (illusion)”。因此，此处应填入 illusion或misconception。要点提示词 but表示转折关系，其后的信息是常考之处笔记中不可忽视。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 duration period 【试题解析】 针对上一题提到的 illusion(错觉 )，本题说的是对注意力的正确认识，录音提到 “注意力的焦点转移是在很短时间 (duration)内 ”，结合题目应填入duration或其同义词 period。 【知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答
40、案】 Levels 【试题解析】 录音提到了 attention的三种 level，即 high level， moderate level，low level。应填入 Levels。如果笔记中没有记下，还可以从题目后的分项内容中找到答案， level出现了三次 !注意首字母大写。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 distractors 【试题解析】 录音提到： “因为分散我的注意力的干扰物 (distractors)太强，我不能专心手头的 工作。 ”由此可知答案为 distractors。录音中多次提到 distractors一词，多次提及的内容为常考处，笔记时需特别注意。 【知识模块
41、】 听力 6 【正确答案】 emotions 【试题解析】 录音提到，科学家证实情绪 (emotions)是造成分心的最大因素。由此可知填入 emotions。若笔记中没有记录，还可根据题目中的 angry， fearful，anxious进行推断，这些词分别表达了各种情绪。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 differently variedly 【试题解析】 录音原文描述了情绪对注意力的影响后，紧接着提到 “对情绪的反应因人而异 ”，结合空格处前后的文字可以推断答案为 differently或 variedly。如果没有听清或昕懂 varies greatly from person
42、 to person也可以从其后的 Some personsOthers 得知，人们在压力之下会有 “不同的 (different)”表现。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 retention 【试题解析】 录音提到 “研究报告表明，在听轻快的音乐时 读书的理解力和记忆力 (retention)降低了 ”。题目中已有了 comprehension，因此空白处填入retention。 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 reasoning tasks 【试题解析】 录音最后提到了 distractors(干扰物 )对于 routine(日常工作 )和reasoning tasks(推理性
43、工作 )的影响。题目中已有 routine，所以应填入 reasoning tasks。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 adverse conditions 【试题解析】 录音原文提到 “有些人能在不利条件下 (adverse conditions)做得很好 ”，此处讲的是例外的情况。空白处应填入 adverse conditions。若笔记没有记录，依据题目 exceptional people do well可推测，这些个别的人或者例外的情况应当是不常见的，即与正常情况相反，结合题目，可推测答案应为 adverse conditions。 【知识模块】 听力 SECTION B
44、INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the
45、 interview. 11 【听力原文】 M: Good Morning, Sally Leung. W: Good Morning, thank you. I sit here? With the view out of the window? How nice it is to look out of the window to look at the green things. M: Yes. Now, can I just confirm your particulars, Sally? You are at present enrolled in a masters degree
46、course in one of the local institutions and teaching a summer programme, is that right? W: Yes, thats right, an MA in Teaching English as the Second Language. Im doing a second year, Its a modular course, and it has practical elements. I chose it for that reason. I didnt want a course of study that
47、is entirely theoretical. M: And you have some experience of guiding students in independent study? W: Yes, thats right. We do language counseling, and help each person to design a language improvement plan that suits his or her needs, temperament and level and circumstances. I think they really appr
48、eciate that, or at least some of them. Of course you find those who dont, not at all, but theyre not the ones who really want to, who are serious and want to pursue their language power. M: Yes, I see. And before that you were pursuing your own degree studies in Australia, is that right? W: Yes, tha
49、ts right. I did English as my major and Psychology as a minor and in the first year we had to do a lot of different courses you could study a language that you hadnt before, and there was Music and you had to do at least one Science course, and one Art course, and you had to do some physical activities for at least an hour a week, but there are lots of choices, you could even do golf or horse-riding. And you wouldn
