1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 53及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lectu
2、re. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 British Educational System I. Primary and secondary education in Britain 1)Children go to primary scho
3、ol at the age of【 B1】 _【 B1】 _ 2)Students attend secondary school until age sixteen. 3)Students enter higher education at the age of eighteen. II. Higher education in Britain 1)In England and Wales: Application for universities: through the UCCA 【 B2】 _structured with a fixed program of classes【 B2】
4、 _ Classes: a. Classes offered in the UK are on a(n)【 B3】 _basis【 B3】 _ increasingly: b. More emphasis is placed on【 B4】 _study:【 B4】 _ c. Students write more essays and take fewer objective tests: d. Classes often take the following forms:【 B5】 _, tutorials,【 B5】 _ seminars. 2)In Scotland: A variet
5、y of tertiary level options are available: a. The colleges of further education provide vocational and【 B6】 _【 B6】 _ education: b. Central institutions dont directly validate degrees, but many have close ties to【 B7】 _:【 B7】 _ c. The standard university degree is a four-year【 B8】 _【 B8】 _ 3. Compari
6、son between the US and the UK higher education 1)Grading: In the UK,【 B9】 _are the most common form of study assessment:【 B9】_ The US professors grade less strictly than the UK professors. 2)Course levels: Basic courses are not【 B10】 _at UK universities.【 B10】 _ 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B
7、5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 10 The Differences Between American and British English I. Introduction American English and British English: two【 B1】 _of English【 B1】 _ A. Three major differences: pronunciation vocabulary spelling B. The most important rule of thumb: be【 B2】 _in your u
8、sage【 B2】 _ II. Principal differences between American and British English A. Use of the present perfect 【 B3】 _: to express an action that has occurred in the recent past and【 B3】_ has influence until now example: “I lost my key. Can you help me look for it?“is【 B4】 _in【 B4】_ British English but ac
9、cepted in American English. other differences concerning the use of already, just and yet B. Possession two forms: have or have got have got【 B5】 _in British English: have being popular in American【 B5】_ English C. The verb get the past participle in American English: gotten: got in British English
10、D. Vocabulary: the major difference the same word means different things, e. g.【 B6】 _, rubber【 B6】 _ solution: use a dictionary exception: the【 B7】 _used for automobiles【 B7】 _ E. Prepositions examples: on the weekend/at the weekend: on a team/in a team: please write me soon/please write to me soon
11、 F. Past simple/past participle some verbs with two forms of the past simple/past participle: burn, burnt or burned, dream, dreamt or dreamed, etc. British English: the irregular form: American English: the regular one G.【 B8】 _【 B8】 _ words ending in -or(American)-our(British): words ending in -ize
12、 (American)-ise(British) to use the【 B9】 _on your word processor【 B9】 _ III. Conclusion A. Very few differences between British and American English B. The largest difference: the choice of vocabulary and【 B10】 _【 B10】 _ 11 【 B1】 12 【 B2】 13 【 B3】 14 【 B4】 15 【 B5】 16 【 B6】 17 【 B7】 18 【 B8】 19 【 B9
13、】 20 【 B10】 20 Good Writing Educators in English-speaking countries have developed a set of basic characteristics of good English writing unity,【 B1】 _, emphasis,【 B1】 _ development and clarity. Here, a different set of concepts are introduced: I. Good writing is good thinking. It should be【 B2】 _,
14、having something insightful to say about the【 B2】_ topic. It is not simply【 B3】 _【 B3】 _ It may 1)enlighten you or【 B4】 _the subject:【 B4】 _ 2)make you feel something similar: 3)make you feel exactly【 B5】 _【 B5】 _ II. Good writing involves thoughtful【 B6】 _.【 B6】 _ It is the result of 99% of hard wo
15、rk and 1% of inspiration. III. Good writing is directed toward an audience. The audience determines 1)diction and sentence structure 2)the sentence length and patterns 3)the overall【 B7】 _【 B7】 _ 4)details that would be included IV. Good writing achieves a clear【 B8】 _.【 B8】 _ V. Good writing expres
16、ses ideas clearly. It reflects good thinking,which should be put into precise,【 B9】 _【 B9】_ and lucid articles. For non-native speakers of English, clear expression involves being 【 B10】 _.【 B10】 _ 21 【 B1】 22 【 B2】 23 【 B3】 24 【 B4】 25 【 B5】 26 【 B6】 27 【 B7】 28 【 B8】 29 【 B9】 30 【 B10】 专业英语八级（听力）模
17、拟试卷 53答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the
18、 lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 British Educational System Today Ill talk about the British educational system, including the primary and s
19、econdary education and the higher education in Britain. Meanwhile, Ill try to make a comparison between the US and the UK higher education. First,Ill briefly introduce the primary and secondary education in Britain. In England and Wales,(1)students study in primary school from age five until eleven.
20、 They attend secondary school until age sixteen. Before graduating, students usually take seven comprehensive exams, called the General Certificate of Secondary Education(GCSE)exams. After passing the GCSE exams, students choose to study two to four subjects intensely for the GCE Advanced Level exam
21、s, called “ A levels“. At eighteen,they enter higher education to focus on a particular subject,called a “course“. Now lets move on to the higher education in Britain. First, Ill talk about the general practices in England and Wales,and then the general practices in Scotland. In England and Wales, p
22、rospective university students apply for places through the Universities Central Council on Admissions(UCCA). Students do not apply directly to the universities themselves.(2)Successful candidates are admitted directly into a specific degree “ course“. A degree course normally takes three or four ye
23、ars to complete. At most universities students study only one major subject. Each course is structured with a fixed program of classes for the entire three years. Increasingly,(3)universities in the United Kingdom are offering classes on a modular basis, which allows students to broaden their studie
24、s creating a more interdisciplinary program. This modularization, however,has not replaced the traditional British degree course with the American concept of credit accumulation. In addition, there is generally a sharp distinction between the arts and sciences and there is seldom any cross-over betw
25、een the two. (4)At a British university, more emphasis is placed on independent, self-directed study than in the United States. Required texts and definite reading assignments are less common. More typically, an extensive reading list covering all topics to be discussed is distributed at the start o
26、f the course to be used for independent research. British students typically consult a large number of sources from the library rather than intensively studying a few books purchased by everyone taking a course. In addition, students are required to write more essays and take fewer objective tests t
27、han at US institutions.(5)Classes often take the following forms: lectures, which are sometimes completely optional: tutorials, in which a small number of students meet with the lecturer: and seminars, larger discussion classes often based upon seminar essays. Unlike the US system of regular testing
28、 in a course, British students sit for final examinations that cover the full years work and determine the grades for the class. With the growth of modularization, however, there has also been an increase in the number and variety of modules offered on a semester basis. (6)In Scotland, there are a v
29、ariety of tertiary level options available for students, the most important of which are the colleges of further education, the central institutions, teachers colleges and the universities. The colleges of further education provide vocational and technical education, and enroll more students than al
30、l other tertiary institutions combined. Central institutions provide courses leading to the Higher National Diploma(HND), bachelors degrees and some specialized masters degrees. These institutions do not have the authority to directly validate degrees and tend to offer a narrower range of subjects t
31、han the universities.(7)Many have close ties to local businesses, offering cooperative work experiences that provide students a period of practical training. Scottish universities are quite distinct from their British counterparts.(8)In fact,they more closely resemble European or American universiti
32、es. The standard Scottish university degree is a four-year Honors degree(BA Hons). Students are rarely admitted directly to a degree “course“. Usually they are admitted to a faculty or simply admitted to the university as a whole. Scottish university students begin with a broad-based program during
33、the first year and choose a specialization after the second or even the third year. Students may also elect to complete a three-year Ordinary degree. This is a broad-based degree that(unlike in England)does not represent a “failed“ Honors degree. Next, lets compare the US and the UK higher education
34、 from two aspects, namely, grading and course levels. First,about the grading. In the UK,assessment methods vary by institution and tend to reflect the UK teaching method and style.(9)Written examinations, which are held at the end of a year or, in some cases,in the final undergraduate year only are
35、 the most common form of study assessment. There is no official method of equating British and American educational qualifications. The educational systems are very different and attempts to compare them must be done on a strictly provisional basis. Many US institutions have already developed system
36、s of assessing their study abroad students or equating British grades to US grades. Professors at UK institutions grade more strictly than their counterparts in the United States. As a result, American students studying in the UK often perceive that they have performed poorly in their classes,when t
37、hey have not. Grades are given as percentages rather than letter grades. Forty percent is the minimum passing grade and high percentages are rarely awarded. A grade of seventy percent or higher is considered “with distinction“. In general,percentages increase from forty rather than decrease from 100
38、 percent,as they do in the United States. Second,about the course levels. A typical British course load will vary from 3 to 6 modules or classes per term. Most students take 4 to 5 modules per term. The number of hours in class per week will vary by institution.(10)Students should note that general
39、education or basic courses are not as common at UK universities because they have already been covered at the GCSE level. Many faculties assume that a student has a basic understanding of the concepts that will be addressed in the course. For this reason, it is common for third-year American student
40、s to take first-year and second-year courses at a UK university. With this,were coming to the end of todays lecture. Next time,well talk about university degrees. 【知识模块】 讲座 1 【正确答案】 five 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。演讲者首先简单介绍了英国的小学和初中教育，根据句 (1)可知，在英格兰和威尔士，学生们从五岁开始上小学，上到 11岁，故答案为 five。 【知识模块】 讲座 2 【正确答案】 Degree c
41、ourses 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。在英格兰和威尔士，学生通过 UCCA申请进入大学，根据句 (2)可知，学生需要用三到四年的时间修完学位课程，才能拿到学位，所以答案为 Degree courses。 【 知识模块】 讲座 3 【正确答案】 modular 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (3)可知，英国的大学提倡模块式课程，空白处与听力原文句型基本一致，故答案为 modular。 【知识模块】 讲座 4 【正确答案】 independent and self-directed 【试题解析】 本题设题点在对比处。根据句 (4)可知，英国的大学更强调独立、自主的学习，空白处与听
42、力原文表达一致，故答案为 independent and self-directed。 【知识模块】 讲 座 5 【正确答案】 lectures 【试题解析】 本题设题点在举例处。演讲者在陈述完英美两国学习方法的不同之处后，接着介绍了授课形式，其中句 (5)说到： Classes often take the following forms： lecturestutorialsseminars ，由此可知，英国大学的授课形式主要有上述三种形式，因此空白处应填入 lectures。 【知识模块】 讲座 6 【正确答案】 technical 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (6)可知，在苏
43、 格兰，有几种不同层次的高等教育供学生选择，接下来演讲者详细介绍了 the colleges of further education，说它们 provide vocational and technical eduction，由此可知，这些继续教育院校提供职业技术教育，故答案为 technical。 【知识模块】 讲座 7 【正确答案】 local businesses 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。演讲者在陈述了苏格兰的 central institutions后，总结说这些教育机构没有权威人士 颁发的有效学位证书，并且他们开设的课程要比一般大学少，但根据句 (7)可知，这些机构与地方企
44、业有着紧密的联系，能给学生提供实习的机会，故答案为 local businesses。 【知识模块】 讲座 8 【正确答案】 Honors degree 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (8)可知，演讲者在谈到 Scottish universities和 British counterparts的区别时，指出苏格兰大学与欧美地区的大学更为相似：标准的苏格兰大学学位是四年制的荣誉学位 (荣誉学士 )，所以答 案为Honors degree。注意首字母大写。 【知识模块】 讲座 9 【正确答案】 written examinations 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。演讲者接着从考试评
45、分和课程内容两个方面比较英美两国的高等教育，根据句 (9)可知，笔试是英国最常见的学习评估形式，故空白处应填 written examinations。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【正确答案】 common 【试题解析】 本题设题点在因果关系处。根据句 (10)可知，在英国的大学里，通识教育或基础课程不是 很普遍，故答案为 common。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【听力原文】 The Differences Between American and British English Good morning, everyone, today we are going to talk about
46、 the differences between American and British English.(1)While there are certainly many more varieties of English, American English and British English are the two varieties that are taught in most programs of teaching non-native speakers. Generally, it is agreed that no one version is “ correct“ ,
47、however, there are certainly preferences in use. The three major differences between American and British English are: pronunciation differences in both vowel and consonants, as well as stress and intonation: vocabulary differences in nouns and verbs, especially phrasal verb usage: spelling differen
48、ces are generally found in certain prefix and suffix forms. (2)The most important rule of thumb is to try to be consistent in your usage. If you decide that you want to use American English spellings, then be consistent in your spelling. In another word, the color of the orange is also its flavour color is American spelling and flavour is British. This is of course not always easy or possible. The following guide is meant to point out the principal difference
