1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 56及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lectu
2、re. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Sexism in English Sexism in English language reflects the traditional ethics that men are 【 B1】 _to wo
3、men. Here, four aspects will be discussed to explain the【 B1】_ causes. I. The cultural factor Holy Bible:【 B2】 _【 B2】 _ the order of the birth of man and woman 【 B3】 _committed by the woman【 B3】 _ II. The physiological factor men:【 B4】 _【 B4】 _ women: mature more rapidly women being considered to be
4、 inferior in intelligence III. The social factor: Labor division 1. Feminists: the society we live in is【 B5】 _【 B5】 _ 2.【 B6】 _in allocating tasks, activities, rights and responsibilities【 B6】_ In history: women were responsible for housework and child-care, while mens mission is【 B7】 _【 B7】 _ In m
5、odern society: 1)Half of women are employed outside the home, but their main roles are wife and mother. 2)Men also have family roles, but they are mainly defined by their 【 B8】 _position.【 B8】 _ IV. The psychological factor People treat women as mens appendix. men: educated to be manly, decisive, an
6、d brave women: 1)required to be polite, conservative, obedient, and gentle 2)have to constrain their emotions to【 B9】 _men【 B9】 _ 3)mould themselves to be inferior in their potential sub-consciousness 4)try to speak【 B10】 _to show their submission and politeness【 B10】 _ 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B
7、4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 10 Subfields of Linguistics The overlapping interests between the field of linguistics and other disciplines create several cross-disciplinary fields of linguistics. I. Sociolinguistics Focusing on patterns and【 B1】 _in language within a society o
8、r【 B1】 _ community Examining the way people use language to negotiate their roles in society and to achieve【 B2】 _【 B2】 _ II. Psycholinguistics Studying language processing and its interaction with【 B3】 _mental【 B3】_ processes, for instance, studies of childrens language acquisition and SLA III. Com
9、putational Linguistics Using computers in analyzing languages, stylistic studies and【 B4】 _,【 B4】_ bringing forth machine translation systems and machines that【 B5】 _and【 B5】_ produce speech and text IV. Applied Linguistics Employing linguistic theory and methods to improve SLA【 B6】 _,【 B6】_ especia
10、lly focusing on motivation,【 B7】 _, learning style and personality【 B7】_ V.【 B8】 _Linguistics【 B8】 _ Examining the relationship between a culture and its language, the way cultures and languages have changed over time VI. Philosophical Linguistics Examining the philosophy of language, with one major
11、 concern to analyze the【 B9】_of possible word order combinations【 B9】 _ VII. Neurolinguistics Studying how language is【 B10】 _and represented in the brain【 B10】 _ 11 【 B1】 12 【 B2】 13 【 B3】 14 【 B4】 15 【 B5】 16 【 B6】 17 【 B7】 18 【 B8】 19 【 B9】 20 【 B10】 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 56答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
12、Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given
13、 two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Sexism in English Good morning, everyone, today we will talk something about sexism in English. As we all know,(1)sexism in English language h
14、as existed for a long time, which is the reflection of traditional ethics that men are superior to women. Today I will focus on the causes of sexism in English language, and I will discuss it from four aspects: the cultural factor, the physiological factor, the social factor and the psychological fa
15、ctor. First, lets have a look at the cultural factor. (2)The Holy Bible is actually a book of men. As Christianity is such a powerful religion in Western countries, it is unreasonable to deny that this helps to set and consolidate the inferiority of women. From the Holy Bible, we know man came to th
16、e world first while woman was made from one of the mans ribs. From the order of the birth, it is obvious to see the different importance of man and woman. In addition,(3)the first sin is also committed by the woman. She was seduced by the snake into eating the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of g
17、ood and evil and having the man eat too. At last, the woman was punished to bring forth children in pain and was ruled over by the man. From above, the superiority of men and inferiority of women is clearly seen. Second, well move to the physiological factor. (4)For extended work and life together,
18、people realized that men are tall in stature, strong in muscle and robust in physique. In contrary to men, women are small in stature, weak in physique and have more fat and less muscle than men. Women also mature more rapidly. In a word, men are stronger than women. This determines that men play a
19、more and more important role in social and economic lives. A mans job is to work outside but a womans job is to stay at home, do the housework and take care of the children. Women are treated as the weaker ones and they realize their own values through their marriages to men. At last, women are lowe
20、r in status. They have to depend on men and are dominated by men. Gradually, people begin to discriminate women and think that they are inferior in intelligence. This wrong perspective forms slowly and reflects in language. Third, Ill focus on the social factor, or we might say labor division. (5)Fe
21、minists all claim that we live in a patriarchal society: a society of men, ruled by men and for men. Patriarchy depicts men as the perfect norm against which women are measured and found lacking. (6)Both the Western and Eastern societies use sex, to one degree or another, in allocating tasks, activi
22、ties, rights, and responsibilities. As for the job done by men and women, there is a long-stereotyped notion of what they can do.(7)In history, there has been a division of labor a division in which womens place was restrained at home for housework and childcare while men worked outside being the br
23、eadwinner. At last, men had dominance over women, and women had to be dependent on men. This was the turning point for women. From then on, in paternal society, slavery society and capitalist society, women had been on the bottom of society. In the long and endless course of history, sexism against
24、women has been accumulated. It is due to different labor division that leads to different social status. This has been clear in ancient and modern society. Later, in addition to domestic work, women began to enter the paid work place. However, even though half of women are employed outside the home,
25、 the belief persists that woman is mainly, and primarily, in the roles of wife and mother. Due to womens relative physical weakness and lower educational background, they do primarily the low-status, low-paying jobs.(8)Although men also have family roles, they are defined primarily by their economic
26、 or occupational position. Thus the sexism in the society has been in existence, the embodiment of which is necessarily the sexism of language. Last but not least, lets look at the psychological factor. Because of the social and cultural factors, women are always considered to be the weak. People tr
27、eat women as mens appendix. They educate men to be manly, decisive, and brave while women are required to be polite, conservative, obedient, and gentle.(9)Because women are in subordinate status in the society, they have to constrain their emotions and give up their own needs to meet the satisfactio
28、ns of men. As time passes, women pay more attention to the elegance and standard of language than men. They use more pleasant and polite words in the hope that they can receive others approval. And they are taught to speak softly, to avoid contradicting others, to be obedient in communication, and t
29、o be aware of giving cues of strong confidence. They mould themselves to be inferior in their potential sub-consciousness. Therefore, women try their best to strengthen their social status through their speech than men do. The lower womens position is, the more polite they are in the face of others.
30、(10)And the standard language they use can show their submission and politeness. This also suggests that women are in a lower position in the society. With this, were coming to the end of todays lecture. Next time, well talk about the phenomena of sexism in English language. Thanks for your listenin
31、g. Wish my explanation may give you some help. See you next time. 【知识模块】 讲座 1 【正确答案】 superior 【试题解析】 本题设题点在文章开篇处。根据句 (1)可知，英语中的性别歧视反映了男性优于女性这一传统道德观念，因此填入 superior。 【知识模块】 讲座 2 【正确答案】 the religious influence 【试题解析】 本题设题点在信息概括处。演讲者在讲到造成英语中出现性别歧视现象的第一个因素 文化因素时指出圣经实际上是一本关于男人 的书，基督教在西方国家是一个有影响力的宗教，这进一步使女
32、性处于劣势地位，因此总结可知此处填入 the religious influence。 【知识模块】 讲座 3 【正确答案】 the first sin 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。此处讲到了圣经中，夏娃在蛇的引诱下偷吃了禁果，还将禁果给亚当吃，根据句 (3)可知，夏娃犯了原罪，因此填入 the first sin。 【知识模块】 讲座 4 【正确答案】 physical superiority 【试题解析】 本题设题 点在信息概括处。演讲者在讲到造成英语中出现性别歧视现象的第二个因素 生理因素时提到了在工作和生活中，人们都认为男人们身材高大、肌肉发达、体格强健，在身体上比女性更有优势，因
33、此填入 physical superiority。 【知识模块】 讲座 5 【正确答案】 patriarchal 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。演讲者在讲到造成英语中出现性别歧视现象的第三个因素 社会因素时提到女权主义者认为我们生活在一个父权社会中，因此填入 patriarchal。 【知识模块】 讲座 6 【 正确答案】 sex usage 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (6)可知，在东、西方社会，人们在分配任务、活动、权利和职责等时或多或少都会涉及到性别，因此填入 sex usage。 【知识模块】 讲座 7 【正确答案】 supporting the family 【试题解析
34、】 本题考查重要细节。句 (7)讲到了有史以来的男女分工问题，女人总是待在家里做家务、照顾小孩，而男人则在外工作，养家糊口，因此填入supporting the family。 【知识模块】 讲座 8 【正确答案】 economic or occupational 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。句 (8)讲到了现如今的女性地位，虽然男性也分担部分家务，但他们的身份主要由他们的经济或职业地位来界定，因此填入economic or occupational。 【知识模块】 讲座 9 【正确答案】 satisfy please 【试题解析】 本题设题点在信息概括处。根据句 (9)可知，因为女性在社
35、会中处于从属地位，所以她们不得不压抑自己的情感，放弃自己的需求来迎合男性，原文中出现的是 meet the satisfactions of，因此此处应填入 satisfy please。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【正确答案】 standard language 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (10)可知，女性试图使用标准语言来显示自己的礼貌和服从，这也表明了女性在社会中处于较低的社会地位，因此填入standard language。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【听力原文】 Subfields of Linguistics Good morning, well continue o
36、ur talk on linguistics. Last time we have got a general concept about linguistics. The scientific study of language is concerned with as well as the two main branches of linguistics: descriptive linguistics and comparative linguistics. With these as workout, todays focus is on the subfields of lingu
37、istics. As we know, the field of linguistics both borrows from and lends its own theories and methods to other disciplines. Many subfields of linguistics have expanded our understanding of languages. Linguistic theories and methods are also used in other fields of study. These overlapping interests
38、have led to the creation of several cross-disciplinary fields, namely sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, applied linguistics, anthropological linguistics, philosophical linguistics and neurolinguistics. Lets start with sociolinguistics.(1)Sociolinguistics is the study of
39、 patterns and variations in language within a society or community. It focuses on the way people use language to express social class, group status, gender, or ethnicity, and it looks at how they make choices about the form of language they use.(2)It also examines the way people use language to nego
40、tiate their roles in society and to achieve positions of power. For example, sociolinguistic studies have found that the way a New Yorker pronounces the phoneme /r/ in an expression such as “ fourth floor“ can indicate the persons social class. According to one study, people aspiring to move from th
41、e lower middle class to the upper middle class attach prestige to pronouncing the /r/. Sometimes they even overcorrect their speech, pronouncing an /r/ where those whom they wish to copy may not. Some sociolinguists believe that analyzing such variables as the use of a particular phoneme can predict
42、 the direction of language change. Change, they say, moves toward the variable associated with power, prestige, or other quality having high social value. Other sociolinguists focus on what happens when speakers of different languages interact. This approach to language change emphasizes the way lan
43、guages mix rather than the direction of change within a community. The goal of sociolinguistics is to understand communicative competence what people need to know to use the appropriate language for a given social setting. Next comes psycholinguistics, which merges the fields of psychology and(3)lin
44、guistics to study how people process language and bow language use is related to underlying mental processes. Studies of childrens language acquisition and of second-language acquisition are psycholinguistic in nature. Psycholinguists work to develop models for how language is processed and understo
45、od, using evidence from studies of what happens when these processes go awry. Thirdly, computational linguistics. Computational linguistics involves the use of computers to compile linguistic data, analyze languages, translate from one language to another, and develop and test models of language pro
46、cessing. Linguists use computers and large samples of actual language to analyze the relatedness and the structure of languages and to look for patterns and similarities.(4)Computers also aid in stylistic studies, information retrieval, various forms of textual analysis, and the construction of dict
47、ionaries and concordances.(5)Applying computers to language studies has resulted in machine translation systems and machines that recognize and produce speech and text. Such machines facilitate communication with humans, including those who are perceptually or linguistically impaired. The fourth sub
48、field is called applied linguistics.(6)Applied linguistics employs linguistic theory and methods to improve overall efficacy in teaching and learning a second language. Linguists look at the errors people make as they learn another language and at their strategies for communicating in the new language at different degrees of competence.(7)In seeking to understand what happens in the mind of the learner, applied linguists recognize that motivation, attitude, learning style, and personality affect how well a person learns another language. (8)The fifth is anthropological linguis
