1、专业英语八级（听力）练习试卷 7及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lectur
2、e. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 The Commercialisation of Science and Technology Science and technology and the role of commercialisatio
3、n in that area are very interesting question. And its an issue which is going to be increasingly important, world wide. . an overview of the relationship between science technology and research development innovation: 1) Science-which is done to【 1】 new basic knowledge. Generally, thats done in the
4、universities, the government- funded【 2】 and larger international companies. 2) Technology-to do with the【 3】 of science. It turns scientific discoveries into a useful product, or a useful service. 3) Research, development and innovation are【 4】 : A. Research-closely related to basic sciences. B. De
5、velopment- the process of taking the【 5】 scientific idea or item and running it through to the development of products and services. C. Innovation-putting the【 6】 into the market place. . problems in commercialisation of technology: 1) The first one-not getting enough funding to develop scientific i
6、deas into useful products and services; 2) Another one-only 1/10 ideas taken to the final【 7】 3) The third one-Most people cannot guarantee a【 8】 return on their investment. . companies and【 9】 ideas: 1) Because of various reasons, the technology would likely become outmoded; 2) Some companies【 10】
7、other specialized individuals or organisations to do research on their behalf; 3) Governments need to encourage and facilitate the interaction of the domestic firms with overseas companies. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In thi
8、s section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Mike Donahue
9、admitted that TV news could have affected peoples reactions because _. （ A） it is more detailed than that the same report in a newspaper （ B） the TV stations have more staff known to the viewers （ C） the TV stations have different kinds of people （ D） it involves more people and is more objective 12
10、 According to Mike Donahue, how do the TV news reporters avoid prejudices? （ A） Raise their eyebrows. （ B） Interpret the words on the script. （ C） Be not affected by anything on the script. （ D） Be enthusiastic about the exciting stories. 13 Mike pointed out that any unusual voice inflection he migh
11、t give to certain sentences would be _. （ A） more of a reaction than an interpretation （ B） more of an interpretation than a reaction （ C） more deliberate than accidental （ D） more expressive than accidental 14 According to Mike Donahue, it would be _ for a TV news reporter to express his or her own
12、 biases in a news report. （ A） all right （ B） wrong （ C） natural （ D） objective 15 What does Mike Donahue view his job role? （ A） Being an entertainer. （ B） Being a versatile. （ C） Being a celebrity. （ D） Being informative. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everythin
13、g ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 How do the scientists measure the pitch? （ A） According to the movement and vibrations of hot gasses. （ B） The trade winds blow on Earth. （
14、C） The rivers. （ D） The sound travel through the space. 17 We should _ when we want to glimpse inside the sun. （ A） answer questions about its temperature （ B） translate the sounds into images （ C） know how gases inside ebb and flow （ D） measure the pitch 18 What did they find out? （ A） An equatoria
15、l belt of faster moving material. （ B） The solar sound. （ C） A sun orbiting satellite. （ D） Another planet. 19 Which sound can be thought as dolphins words? （ A） Its bark. （ B） Its clicks. （ C） Its whistle. （ D） Its crying. 20 Who is Doctor Dolittle? （ A） Maui. （ B） Ken Marten. （ C） A puppet dolphin
16、. （ D） Person. 专业英语八级（听力）练习试卷 7答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after t
17、he mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原 文】 The Commercialisation of Science and Technology Good morning, everyone. Id like t
18、o welcome you all to our series of lectures on “Excellence in Science“ and I must say, judging by the numbers of you in the audience out there, this is the most popular lecture we have had all year! So rather than take up any more of your time, Id like to introduce my own topic “The Commercialisatio
19、n of Science and Technology“ Science and technology and the role of commercialisation in that area are very interesting question. And its an issue which is going to be increasingly important, world wide. Let me just begin by giving you an overview of the relationship between science and technology a
20、nd research development and innovation. These are terms which people often use as if they mean the same thing. Essentially, science is that which is done to generate new basic knowledge, knowledge in areas where nobody has previously researched. Generally, thats done in the universities and the gove
21、rnment funded research centers, of one sort or another. The larger international companies also do some of that, their own research I mean. Technology is really to do with the application of science. It turns scientific discoveries into a useful product, or a useful service. If ! may compare scienti
22、fic and technology, I could say that science provides the fundamental knowledge that explains a phenomenon, whereas technology takes that understanding and transforms it into a useful thing. Its very much like a pendulum and a click. The pendulum is the part of a clock whose movement, back and forth
23、, makes a clock work. The click is the useful product that has a function of telling the time. Therefore, science can be compared to that swinging motion within the clock and technology is the total object-the clock. Thats the sort of difference youre looking at. Research, development and innovation
24、 are aligned, in that research is closely related to basic sciences. Development is the process of taking the basic scientific idea or item and running it through to the development of products and services, Innovation is really about putting that product and service into the market place. So innova
25、tion is about the creation of a new of ideas and products and a new set of ways of delivering them. Now in terms of commercialisation of technology, the most important thing nowadays is the difficulty that countries have with funding. That is, getting enough money with which to develop scientific id
26、eas into useful products and services. Its very expensive. For every dollar you spend on basic research, it costs a company $10 in development and another $10 in marketing. Many companies today just cannot afford that. The other thing of course, is for every profitable research idea, there an averag
27、e of nine ideas that come to nothing. So, only one out often is taken to the final production stage. Ill stop here to answer a question asked by some people who would like to know what happens to all of those so-called “unsuccessful“ ideas. Yes, its a continuing problem. Most of them are, of course,
28、 lost forever. A dew may eventually reach the production stage through the persistent efforts of interested individuals but this requires a great deal of time and finance on the part of the inventor, or owner of the idea. Most people, however, just dont have enough resources to invest in a product t
29、hat cannot guarantee a profitable return on their investment. No more questions? OK. Now, returning to my last point about companies and research ideas. Many ideas look wonderful on paper but they are often impossible to utilize in an inexpensive enough manner, or, having done so, the product doesnt
30、 really work, or its unacceptable for various reasons. So before too long, the technology becomes outmoded, it becomes old technology? like record players. For example, you dont see companies today investing money in, record players do you? Why bother? I imagine that in the not too distant future, y
31、oung people wont even know what a record is. At present, there seems to be a movement in the commercialisation of research and development towards the need for companies, large and small, to subcontract. That is, companies pay other specialized individuals or organisations to do research on their be
32、half. Its becoming the practical solution. Its only the very large companies who still retain their own research and development units. So occasionally, theres a situation where a company has to commercialise but cant do it alone. It has to get help. Sometimes, this help may come from smaller compan
33、y, or, whats happening more often these days, companies turn to universities and ask them for assistance with the development of new technologies. You find thats a world wide movement. It happens in Europe, the United States, Asia, Austria, wherever. Its important that governments understand the nee
34、d to continuously research and develop, and governments should be aware of this need for domestic companies to work closely with firms overseas. The reality is on an international scale, if a company wants to be part of an international movement, governments need to encourage and facilitate the inte
35、raction of the domestic firm with its overseas counterparts. This doesnt always happen because of the huge costs involved in doing so. However, its an exciting period, a very, very exciting period for science and technology. Now, returning to my point about the need for further research and developm
36、ent it seems to e. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 generate 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 research centers 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 application 【知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 aligned 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 basic 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 product and service 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 production stage 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 profitable 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确 答案】 research
37、【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 pay 【知识模块】 听力 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the
38、 following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 10 【听力原文】 Interviewer: Newspapers seem sort of impersonal. Donahue: Uh-hmm. Interviewer: .but radio and TV - there are personalities involved, Isnt there.uh.a lot more possibility that-since there are personalities involved-that it will have a
39、greater impact on people.peoples reactions.? Donahue: Well, I think you have to first start with the understanding.uh.that no person is un- objective. Were all striving to be objective, but we have our own prejudice. Its built in. And so uh.even the person who writes the story in the newspaper. Inte
40、rviewer: Right. Donahue: . less that bias come through in his pen. Of course, when we are personally on camera, .uh. were trying to stick pretty closely to a script. Interviewer: Uh-hmm. Donahue: . that we have already written. Interviewer: Uhm. Donahue: But sometimes, perhaps in an ad lib uh-althou
41、gh we try to avoid as much of that as possible-some of our.our prejudice or bias will show, even though were.we strive not to let it show. Interviewer: Uh.but when people read a newspaper article, its kind of cold. Donahue: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Theres no voice inflections and. Donahue: Yes. Intervie
42、wer: . feeling in the thing . Donahue: Right, . thats true. Interviewer: It could be.it could be a real exciting story, . and all you can do is put exclamation marks. But when you . Donahue: I see what youre saying. Interviewer: . see a person that. Donahue: The raised eyebrows, or the. Interviewer:
43、 Yeah. Things come through.Isnt there a. Donahue: .question of sharpness. Interviewer: . a real uh. 1 started to say, danger that the particular biases of uh.a person can come through more readily? Donahue: I think there is a-I think there is a danger. I think its something you have to guard against
44、. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Donahue: It would be wrong for that to happen. But, yes, I think what youre saying is true-that in trying to interpret the words that are on the script uh.I might.An my voice or in my.uh.expression show some type of reaction to it. Uh.probably, would be more of a reaction than
45、 it would of an interpretation-although the voice. Interviewer: Uh-hmm. Donahue: .uh. implies an interpretation when you read any group of words. Interviewer: Right. Donahue: .any sentences-you imply some interpretation. I guess the idea is to make that sentence not so bland, but so-leave out adject
46、ives, leave out adverbs. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Donahue: . so that, uh.you deal just with nouns and verbs, and in that way, you.uh, you keep it as straight as you possibly can. Interviewer: Right. How do you see yourself, .uh. primarily-other than reporting the news? Uh.are you an entertainers? Donahu
47、e: No. No, I dont think Im an entertainer. I think, perhaps, the sportsman might be an entertainer of sort-although he has a journalistic function too. I see myself as a public servant. Uh.the same as.a policeman or a mayor might be. Interviewer: Uh-uhm. Donahue: .providing information to people tha
48、t they need in their lives to.to live their life, to make decisions and so forth. Interviewer“ But you are conscious, of course, .when you go before the cameras that.that youre in a situation. Donahue: Right. Interviewer: .uh.where.where-There must be people that.that.are viewing you. Donahue: Oh, s
49、ure. Interviewer: .you, . people as . uh. someone. Donahue: Because of your visibility, you become a.a.somewhat of a celebrity in that sense, and.uh.I dont know-I try to play that down, so that doesnt become a.uh.a thing with me. Interviewer: Uh-uhm. Donahue: Because I think thats probably the biggest problem in our profession-the biggest temptation is to get a big head. And while you need confidence in order to do your job -its a. its high-pressure job,
