1、专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷 23及答案与解析 一、 PART IV PROOFREADING if we are suitably armed, we attack, but in a rational manner not in a rage. We reserve rage for our own species. It is hard to see any survival value in attacking ones own, but if we make account of the long 4._ competition, which should have existed
2、between our own subspecies and 5._ others like Neanderthal man indeed others are still more remote from us 6._ than Neanderthal man human rage becomes less comprehensible. 7._ In our everyday language and behavior there are many reminders of those early struggles. We are always using the words “us a
3、nd them“, “Our“ side is perpetually trying to do against the “other“ side. In games 8._ we artificially create other subspecies we can attack. The opposition of “us“ and “them“ is the touchstone of the two-party system of “democratic“ politics. Although there are no serious consequences to these mod
4、ern psychological representations of the “us and them“ emotion, it is as well as 9._ to remember that the initial aim was not to beat the other subspecies in a 10._ game but to exterminate it. 10 The American economic system is organized around a basic private- 1._ enterprise, market-oriented econom
5、y in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for these goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, 2._ striving to make profits, producing these goods and services in competition 3._ with other businessmen; and the profit m
6、otive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupling with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits 4._ and the desire of individuals to maximize their
7、incomes, together determine 5._ what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. 6._ In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price
8、 system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response with relative demands 7. _ of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid down and 8._ some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on other
9、hand, 9._ producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Because price is 10._ the regulating mechanism in the America economic system. 专业英
10、语八级(改错)模拟试卷 23答案与解析 一、 PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN) Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the follo
11、wing way: (1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. (2)For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “ “ sign and write t 【知识模块】 改错 1 【正确答案】 intuition instinct 【试题解析】 本题为名词误用。 intuition与 instinct都有 “直觉 ”的含
12、义,但instinct更侧重于生物本能,而 intuition是源于经验积累的本能。此处强凋的是动物的生存本能,应当用 instinct。 【知识模块】 改错 2 【正确答案】 to against 【试题解析】 本题为介词误用。根据下文可见此处指人类运用怒气对付凶猛动物,表示对抗用介词 against,介词 to往往表示趋向。 【知识模块】 改错 3 【正确答案】 be / 【试题解析】 本题为篇章赘词错误。 back作为形容词时表示 “后面的,过去的 ”,但此处应当表示 “后退 ”,所以需要用 back作为动词, back away“为了让出地方而后退,由于害怕而后退 ”,故此处 be多余
13、。 【知识模块】 改错 4 【正确答案】 make take 【试题解析】 本题为动词误用。 take account of sth “将 考虑在内 ”为固定搭配。 【知识模块】 改错 5 【正确答案】 should must 【试题解析】 本题为情态动词误用。 should have done表示应该完成某事却没有完成,而此处是对人类处理怒气的方式尝试解释,对人类和穴居人之间的竞争做出的肯定性推测,应当用 must have done。 【知识模块】 改错 6 【正确答案】 are一 / 【试题解析】 本题为赘词错误。此处为破折号后的补充成分,而不是从句,因此be动词需用现在分词或省略。 【
14、知识模块】 改错 7 【正确答案】 less more 【试题解析 】 本题为逻辑错误。此句较为复杂,但除去非限制性定语从句后便是“It is hard to see any survival value in attacking ones own, but if we take account of the long competition, human rage becomes less comprehensible ”前半句对人类向自己种族发怒表示否定,后半句用 but表示转折,因此后半句应当在逻辑上表示肯定,应当是 more comprehensible。 【知识模块】 改错 8 【正
15、确答案】 against down 【试题解析】 本题为介词误用。 do作为不及物动词不能与 against搭配。根据文意强调双方的斗争,可采用 do sb sth down(do down sb sth )表示批判、贬低某人某事物。 【知识模块】 改错 9 【正确答案】 (well)as一 【试题解析】 本题为赘词错误。 as well相当于 too,作为副词使用,如: Are they coming as well?但加了介词 as后,虽然意义不变, 但后面只能加名词,如:They sell books as well as newspapers。 【知识模块】 改错 10 【正确答案】
16、initial original 【试题解析】 本题为形容词误用。 initial表示 “最初的;开始的 ”,强调处于事物的起始阶段,也可以指位于开头地方的,如: My initial good opinion of him changed with time aim表示 “目的 ”,最初的目的并不强调时间发生在最初,而是强调在变化之前的目的,应当用 original, “最初的,最早的 ”,指按顺序是首位的,在此前不再有更为原始的同类的东西。 【知识模块】 改错 【知识模块】 改错 11 【正确答案】 basic basically 【试题解析】 本题为形容词误用。此处并不是用 basic来
17、修饰 economy,表示“基础的经济 ”,而是强调 “基本上是私营为主的、以市场为导向的经济体 ”,应当用副词修饰整个句子。 【知识模块】 改错 12 【正确答案】 these those 【试题解析】 本题为代词误用。 these往往用于指代前文出现 过的人或物,但文中的 products and services是第一次出现,不宜用 these。但 those可以放在有定语从句修饰的先行词前面表示特指。 【知识模块】 改错 13 【正确答案】 producing produce 【试题解析】 本题为非谓语动词误用。此处 make profits和 produce these goods
18、and services是并列结构,都是 strive to后的不定式,而非与 striving并列的伴随状语。 【知识模块】 改错 14 【正确答案】 coupling coupled 【试题解析】 本题为非谓语动词误用。 couple是及物动词, couple sbsth with sb sth,表示把两种事物合起来或联系起来,所以主句主语与couple的逻辑关系是被动关系,应当用过去分词。 【知识模块】 改错 15 【正确答案】 together that 【试题解析】 本题为缺词错误。此句较长,除去插入的状语成分后主干为“Thus, in the American economic s
19、ystem it is the demand of individual consumers, together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it ”可见强调句型 “It is that” 缺少了 that。 【知识模块】 改错 16 【正确答案】 which by 【试题解析】 本题为缺词错误。 which指代的先行词在从句中既不充当主语也并不充当宾语,只能以 “介词 +which”的结构充当从句的状语,此处 by the mechanism作方式状语。 【知识模块】 改错 17
20、 【正确答案】 with to 【试题解析】 本题为介词误用。 in response to为固定搭配,意为 “对 做出反应 ”。 【知识模块】 改错 18 【正确答案】 down up 【试题解析】 本题为逻辑错误。前文指出供不应求,根据常识价格应该上涨而不是下跌,故用 bid up, “在拍卖中哄抬物价 ”。 【知识模块】 改错 19 【正确答案】 other the 【试题解析】 本题为冠词误用。此处表 示事件的两个方面,表示 on one handand on the other hand ,这里特指另一种情况,要用定冠词。 【知识模块】 改错 20 【正确答案】 Because Thus Hence 【试题解析】 本题为逻辑错误。这一句是文章总结句,由上下文得出结论,应当使用表示结果的连词,而不是表示原因的连词。 【知识模块】 改错