1、专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷 40及答案与解析 一、 PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN) Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the f
2、ollowing way: (1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. (2)For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “ “ sign and write t 0 Cultural pluralism is the dynamic by which minority groups participate fully
3、in the dominant society, yet maintain its cultural differences. A plu- (1)_ ralistic society is one where different groups can interact while showing a certain degree of tolerance for one another, where different cultures can co exist without major conflicts, and where minority cultures are encourag
4、ed to upholding their customs. (2)_ A Jewish philosophy professor, Horace Kallen, coins the term “plural- (3)_ ism“ in the early 1900s. He was proud in his country, and concerned for his (4)_ beliefs and the beliefs of immigrants. He did not want to be assimilated by the majority. He felt that vario
5、us distinguished cultures could offer a great (5)_ contribution to progress than a single culture could. Cultural pluralism is incompatible with biblical teaching to some extent. (6)_ The Bible does teach absolute truth and claims exclusivity. This isnt to say that anything outside the Bible is fals
6、e. Take, for example, Confucius rule: “Do not do to others what you would not have them to do to you.“ Obvi- (7)_ ously this is compatible with the Bible it is a Biblical teaching! Another example: the rule of gravity is not mentioned in the Bible but is true. These (8)_ two rules are mentioned in p
7、laces apart from the Bible and yet can coexist with Christian philosophy. The Bible does teach, however, that any doctrine that contradicts to the Bible is false. The Bible tells us that murder is wrong, (9)_ so Christians must be intolerable of murder. (10)_ 1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 5 (5) 6 (6) 7 (7
8、) 8 (8) 9 (9) 10 (10) 10 According to a recent survey, more than 50% of Americans is concerned (1)_ about the growing rudeness in the U. S. We assault each other more all the time with upsetting noises, views, sounds, smells, and attitude. Its getting (2)_ to where we need to protect ourselves away
9、one another! Maybe its getting (3)_ a little too wild out there. Good manners are, first of all, civilized behavior. Thats as opposed to wild behavior. “He acts like he was raised in a barnyard,“ my mother will (4)_ say, about some hapless boy who pulled away in front of my house for (5)_ a date and
10、 just sat in the car and honked. Whether that was a particular rule in your household, or culture, all cultures have “rules“ and they are learned, not innate. In Italy, its good manners for a man to greet with (6)_ another man with an embrace and a kiss on every cheek. Not so in (7)_ the South Texas
11、, where men stand 3 feet apart and at 90 degree angles to (8)_ converse with one another. All cultures have rules and if you violate them, youll be excluded. Manners are made up of trivialities of deportment which can be easily learned if one does not happen to know them. Manner, on the other hand,
12、is personality the outwardly manifestation of ones innate character and (9)_ attitude toward life. Manners must be really ingrained, a matter of who you are, not how you are. Once weve learned it, etiquette becomes a matter of impulse rather than of conscious obedience. (10)_ 11 (1) 12 (2) 13 (3) 14
13、 (4) 15 (5) 16 (6) 17 (7) 18 (8) 19 (9) 20 (10) 20 Women from the mid-30s to the mid-50s are less likely than Americans overall be very happy, and many are racked by worries about aging parents (1)_ and other family members, a national survey reports. Money, time and health concerns loomed largely i
14、n the poll of more (2)_ than 1,100 women who have at least one alive parent. (3)_ About 20% said they were very happy. More than half of the women were concerned about an elder relatives health. (4)_ Those who had ill relatives usually a mother or father were much (5)_ more likely to feel depressed
15、and to worry about having enough time for family members. They also had more trouble managing stress. About two out of three women were employed. The bleak scenario doesnt surprise Deb Rubenstein, a social worker who counsels to “sandwich generation“ women, those who have children at (6)_ home and a
16、ging parents. Later marriages, later child-bearing and longer life spans are forcing more women into taking responsibility for their kids and their parents. The “sandwich“ years dont still go away by the 60s anymore. (7)_ Providing elder care was linked to feel overworked in a study of em- (8)_ ploy
17、ed adults last year, so taking care of children was not. (9)_ Such overwork may be common. In another institute study, 35% of U.S. employees said they had elder care responsibilities during the last year. It can be episodic, unpredictable and very stressed. (10)_ 21 (1) 22 (2) 23 (3) 24 (4) 25 (5) 2
18、6 (6) 27 (7) 28 (8) 29 (9) 30 (10) 30 Population ageing and the resulting pressures on existing pension sys tems constitutes one of the most important challenges modern societies will have to face over the coming decades. Since governments have responded to (1)_ the such pressures by adopting a plet
19、hora of pension reforms, the adaptation (2)_ process is far from over. This book comprehensively documents developments in pension policy in eleven advanced industrial countries in Western Europe, East Asia and North America. In order to explore what population ageing means for the sustainability of
20、 pension systems, the authors present a detailed preview of (3)_ pension policy making over the past two decades and provide an up-to-date analysis of current pension legislation. They examine the factors that can facilitate or impede the adaptation of pension systems and the features that shape and
21、 determine reforms. They also highlight the fact that although the path of reform walked by each country is somewhat different, the processes (4)_ at working are often very similar. Ageing populations throughout the world (5)_ are extremely reluctant to see their pension systems dismantled and are,
22、however, prepared to mobilize in their defense. This process of mobilization (6)_ interacts demographic pressures and institutional constraints to help deter- (7)_ mine the future direction of pension policy. The breadth of geographic coverage provides an almost international (8)_ picture of the imp
23、act of ageing for pension reform, at least in terms of high (9)_ income countries. Academics and students with an interest in economics, social policy, sociology and political science will find this a worthy and re- (10)_ warding volume. It will also be of value to policymakers interested in how the
24、 problem of unsustainable pension systems can be resolved. 31 (1) 32 (2) 33 (3) 34 (4) 35 (5) 36 (6) 37 (7) 38 (8) 39 (9) 40 (10) 40 Beyond demographics, the United States confronts with a range of other (1)_ challenges. Globalization is on the top of that list. (2)_ Markets, technologies, and busin
25、esses in various countries and in various parts of the world are increasingly linked, and communication through con- (3)_ tinents and oceans is now instantaneous. This new reality was made clearly (4)_ by the recent decline in the Chinese stock market, that had immediate ripple (5)_ effects on finan
26、cial markets from Tokyo to London to New York. Clearly, U.S. consumers have reaped many benefits from globalization. From clothing to computers, you and me can buy a range of foreign-made (6)_ goods that are cheaper than ever. But theres a catch. In many cases, cheaper (7)_ prices have been accompan
27、ied by a loss of U.S. manufacturing jobs. Globalization is also having an impact in areas like the environment and pub lic health. The truth is that air and water pollution dont stop at the border. But (8)_ with todays international air travel, the infectious diseases can spread from (9)_ one contin
28、ent to another literally overnight. This is one reason that public health experts are so concerned these days about avian flu. With the end of the Cold War, we face new security threats, including transnational terrorist networks and rogue nations armed with weapons of mass destruction. September 11
29、 brought this reality home in a painful way. Stronger multinational partnerships will be essential to encounter these di- (10)_ verse and diffuse threats. 41 (1) 42 (2) 43 (3) 44 (4) 45 (5) 46 (6) 47 (7) 48 (8) 49 (9) 50 (10) 专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷 40答案与解析 一、 PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)
30、 Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: (1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the c
31、orrect one in the blank provided at the end of the line. (2)For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “ “ sign and write t 【知识模块】 改错 1 【正确答案】 its their 【试题解析】 如果在改错题的编号行中出现代词，我们一定要注意一下代词是否和先行词在数、性、人称方面保持了一致。这里代词 its的先行词是 minority groups，是复数，应该改成 their. 【知识模块】 改错 2 【正确答案】 uphol
32、ding uphold 【试题解析】 “be encouraged to”这个词组中的 to是一个动词不定式符号，所以其后应该跟动词不定式而不是 -ing分词。考生平时要注意积累动词不定式符号 to和介词 to的辨别。例如，在 admit to， object to， contribute to， be devoted to，look forward to这些表达中 to是介词；而在 encourage sb to， allow sb to， hope to这些表达中 to都是动词不定式符号。 【知识模块】 改错 3 【正确答案】 coins coined 【试题解析】 这个句子的时间状语是
33、in the early 1900s，这是一个典型的一般过去时的标志，动词形式应该用一般过去时。我们在处理改错题时，不能把注意力只放在编号行，而要从全句甚至是全段、全篇的角度考虑。 【知识模块】 改错 4 【正确答案】 (proud) in of 【试题解析】 形容词 proud和介词 of搭配，而名词 pride和介词 in搭配。 【知识模块】 改错 5 【正确答案】 great greater 【试题解析】 解此题的关键是看出这个句子是一个比较结构，所以形容词 great应该用比较级形式。 【知识模块】 改错 6 【正确答案】 incompatible compatible 【试题解析】
34、孤立地看句子 “Cultural pluralism is incompatible with biblical teaching to some extent ”看不出任何错误，但是，正如前面所述，八级改错解题时一定要有全篇观，作为这一段的主题句，它的关键词 incompatible是否和下文相符呢 ?读下去就会发现这一段实际上是在说文化多元性实际上和圣经的思想是一致的。所以必须把 incompatible改成它的反义词 compatible。 【知识模块】 改错 7 【正确答案】 第二个 to / 【试题解析】 此题要求对动词 have的用法有准确的把握。 have后面可以跟宾语，然后跟不
35、带 to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，意思是 allow or pennit sb to do或者 cause sb to do。句中引文的意思正是 “己所不欲，勿施于人 ”。 【知识模块】 改 错 8 【正确答案】 rule law 【试题解析】 law和 rule是一组近义词。当指自然界的规律的时候应该用 law，所以应该说 the law ofgravity。 【知识模块】 改错 9 【正确答案】 to / 【试题解析】 contradict是及物动词，意思是 “与 相矛盾 ”。 【知识模块】 改错 10 【正确答案】 intolerable intolerant 【试题解析】 intole
36、rable和 intolerant是一组同根词，我们有必要了 解它们的区别。前者的意思是 “令人无法忍受的 ”，如 intolerable heat；后者的意思是 “不能接受 (其他事物 )的、心胸狭隘的 ”，如： “He is a man intolerant of different opinions ”本句是说 “基督教不能容忍杀人罪 ”，我们应该用 intolerant。 【知识模块】 改错 【知识模块】 改错 11 【正确答案】 is are 【试题解析】 此题辨析主谓一致的问题。当主语是一个 “百分数 +名词 ”的结构时，依就近原则处理。那么此题中应该根 据 Americans来决
37、定谓语动词的形式。 【知识模块】 改错 12 【正确答案】 views sights 【试题解析】 此题辨析 view和 sight。 view是指 “风景、视野 ”，是指 “从窗口或高处看到的景象 ”。 sight是指 “进入视野的人或物 ”。这里应该用 sights才符合上下文的意思。 【知识模块】 改错 13 【正确答案】 away from 【试题解析】 protect应该和介词 from搭配。这里的 away是副词，不能代替介词 from。 【知识模块】 改错 14 【正确答案】 will would 【试题解析】 would可以指在 “过去时间 ”经常性发生的动作， will可以指
38、在 “现在时间 ”经常会发生的动作。从上下文来看，这里是作者对过去的回忆，所以应该用would。 【知识模块】 改错 15 【正确答案】 away up 【试题解析】 pull有几个词组动词都是和 “车 ”相关的， pull away的意思是把车子 “开走 ”。但是从上下文判断，这里不是 “开走 ”的意思，而是把车子 “停靠 (在某地 )”，所以应该用 pull up。另外 还有动词词组 pull in，它的意思是 “把车子开进(车库等 )里面 ”。 【知识模块】 改错 16 【正确答案】 with / 【试题解析】 greet是及物动词，所以 “和某人打招呼 ”并不是 greet with
39、sb而是greet sb。此处不能受中文影响。 【知识模块】 改错 17 【正确答案】 every each 【试题解析】 every所指的对象是 “三者以上的 ”，而面颊只有两面，所以只能用each。 【知识模块】 改错 18 【正确答案】 the / 【试题解析】 south Texas是一个专有名词，不需要再加定冠词。这不同于 south作为名词的用法，如 the south of China。 【知识模块】 改错 19 【正确答案】 outwardly outward 【试题解析】 outwardly是副词，不能修饰名词 manifestation。 【知识模块】 改错 20 【正确答
40、案】 impulse instinct 【试题解析】 impulse的意思是 “a sudden desire”， instinct的意思是 “a natural tendency”。原句的意思是礼仪不应该成为一种有意识遵循的行为规则，而应该成为一种自然的行为，所以应该用 instinct。 【知识模块】 改错 【知识模块】 改错 21 【正确答案】 be to 【试题解析】 此题的关键在于看出 likely后面应该跟带 to的动词不定式作形容词的补足成分，所以必须加上动词不定式的标志 to。 【知识模块】 改错 22 【正确答案】 largely large 【试题解析】 “loom lar
41、ge”的意思是 “显得突出 ”，在这个表达中 large本身就是副词。 【知识模块】 改错 23 【正确答案】 alive living 【试题解析】 alive只能作主语补足语，而不能作名词的前置修饰成分，这是它和 living的区别。 【知识模块】 改错 24 【正确答案】 elder elderly或 old 【试题解析】 elder用作形容词时的意思是 “(家庭成员中 )年龄较大的 ”。 elderly是 “年老的 ”的一种委婉表达。此处说被调 查者担心亲人的健康，这里的 “亲人 ”应该是 “年老的亲人 ”，而不是 “比自己年纪大的亲人 ”。当然可以直言不讳用 old。 【知识模块】
42、改错 25 【正确答案】 ill ailing /sick 【试题解析】 ill作名词的前置修饰语时的意思是 “坏的、不吉利的 ”，如 ill nature， ill will等，这里当然没有理由说 “恶意的亲人 ”，原文的意思是 “生病的亲人 ”，所以应该用形容词 ailing或 sick。 【知识模块】 改错 26 【正确答案】 to / 【试题解析】 counsel作为动词时是及物动词，所以不需要加介词 to。 【知识模块】 改错 27 【正确答案】 still even 【试题解析】 still表示某一种情形继续存在下去，用在这里并不符合上下文。此处是表示一种令人惊讶和意外的情形，所以
43、应该用 even这个副词。 【知识模块】 改错 28 【正确答案】 feel feeling 【试题解析】 be linked to这个表达中的 to是介词，所以其后应该跟 -ing分词。 【知识模块】 改错 29 【正确答案】 so but 【试题解析】 第一个分句说照顾老年人通常会让人感到操劳，第二个分句说照顾孩子却不会让人产生这种感觉。解答此题的关键在于看出前后两个分句是对比而不是因果关系。 【知识模块】 改错 30 【正确答案】 stressed stressful 【试题解析】 此题考察 stressed和 stressful的区别。 stressed的意思是 “feeling te
44、nse and anxious”，而 stressful的意思是 “causing the person involved to feel stressed”。那么，这里表示照顾老人是一件 “令人感到有压力的 ”事情，应该用stressful。 【知识模块】 改错 【知识模块】 改错 31 【正确答案】 Since Although 【试题解析】 第一个分句说政府已经通过实施大量的养老金改革措施来应对这样的压力；第二个分句说这个改变的过程还远远没有结束。那么两个分句之间并不是因果关系，而是让步关系。 【知识模块】 改错 32 【正确答案】 the /或 such / 【试题解析】 定 冠词 t
45、he和 such是相互排斥的，两者不能同时修饰同一个名词词组。 【知识模块】 改错 33 【正确答案】 preview review 【试题解析】 preview是 “预习 ”的意思，不符合此处上下文的意思。这里应该用review，即 “回顾、检阅 ”。 【知识模块】 改错 34 【正确答案】 walked taken 【试题解析】 此题的错误是搭配不符合英文表达习惯，英文中不会说 walk a path，而应该说 take apath。这种错误的原因是根据汉语的直译搭配， 没有顾及英文的表达习惯。 【知识模块】 改错 35 【正确答案】 working work 【试题解析】 这是对词组 a
46、t work的误用。 at work的意思是 “在运转 ”， work本身就是名词，不需要用 working的形式。学生在平时积累词组的时候就要注意表达的精确。 【知识模块】 改错 36 【正确答案】 however therefore 【试题解析】 仔细分析前后两个分句的逻辑关系，前者是说全世界的老龄人口都非常不愿意看到养老金体系崩溃，后者是说他们愿意准备好 动员起来维护这个体系。那么两者显然是因果关系而不是转折关系。 【知识模块】 改错 37 【正确答案】 interacts with 【试题解析】 interact是不及物动词，它应该和介词 with搭配。 【知识模块】 改错 38 【正
47、确答案】 international global 【试题解析】 此题辨析 global和 international。两者意思有相近之处，有的学生会不加以区分随便使用。其实它们的含义是不同的。 International的意思是“involving different countries”，即涉及多个国家，不一定涉及世界上所有的地方； global的意思是 “affectingall parts of the world”，即影响到世界上所有的地方。另外， global可以修饰 view， vision， picture这样的名词，意思是 “整体的、全局的 ”。文中说： (这本书 )在地理上
48、的宽泛的覆盖面为说明人口老龄化给养老金制度改革带来的影响提供了全面的描述。这里用 international是不合适的，恰恰应该用 global，意思是 “整体的、全面的 ”。 【知识模块】 改错 39 【正确答案】 for on 【试题解析】 此题的关键在于看出和名词 impact搭配的介词的错误， impact通常和介词 on搭配。 【知识模块】 改错 40 【正确答案】 worthy worthwhile 【试题解析】 worthy尽管可以作名词的修饰语，但是它的意思是 “名副其实的、高尚的、受人尊敬的 ”，如 a worthy man(一个可敬的人 )，此处并不符合上下文的意思。实际上原文是说 “这是一本值得一读的书 ”，应该用 worthwhile， 表示 “值得的 ”，如 a worthwhileattempt(一次值得的尝试 )。 【知识模块】 改错 【知识模块】 改错 41 【正确答案】 with / 【试题解析】 confront的被动态用法和主动态用法经常容易混淆。在主动语态的句子中，及物动词 confront直接跟宾语，如： “These young people are learning how to confro
