1、专业英语八级（经济环境类写作）模拟试卷 2及答案与解析 一、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 1 Corporate executives, undoubtedly, play a crucial part in a companys management and operation. Some people argue that the only responsibility of corporate executives,
2、provided they stay within the law, is to make as much money as possible for their companies. Do you agree to their opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in th
3、e second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may resul
4、t in a loss of marks. 2 At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save an endangered speci
5、es. Do you agree to the statement? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part
6、 you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 3 The development of society seemingly endows people with the right
7、 to savor the whole world, but some people claim that tourism will soon become obsolete for people can enjoy a glimpse of wherever they want to go without even leaving their home. Do you agree with them? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the
8、 first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization,
9、 grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 4 “What is called human nature is really a reflection of the human condition: If all people had a reasonable share of territory and resources, such products of human nature as war and crime would be
10、 extremely rare.“ Do you agree to the statement above? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate detai
11、ls. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 专业英语八级（经济环境类写作）模拟试卷 2答案与解析 一、 PART VI WRITING (
12、45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 1 【正确答案】 Multiple Responsibilities of Corporate Executives Corporate executives do have a responsibility to make money for their companies. For publicly owned companies, this means that they must find a way to maximiz
13、e shareholder value. But it would be wrong to say that, without qualification, making as much money as possible is an executives only responsibility. First of all, corporate executives have a duty to protect our natural environment and to not exploit human resources, particularly in lesser-developed
14、 countries. These poorer countries sometimes have poorly developed legal systems and laws that can be used unfairly by companies, even though the companies are actually operating within the limits of the law in that country. As an example, a pharmaceutical company should not be allowed to test new d
15、rugs on people in a poor country even though it is perfectly legal under that countrys laws. Corporate executives must take it upon themselves1 to ensure that it operates ethically in all countries and that the corporation does not exploit lax operating laws in underdeveloped parts of the world. Sec
16、ondly, a related responsibility of corporate executives is to make sure that the company reflects a positive image to the rest of the world, thus giving stockholders and owners a sense of pride in being a part of that company. Most people do not want to be associated with a company that is seen as g
17、reedy or exploitive. If corporate executives focus solely on making as much money as possible, there can be a backlash against that company for appearing too materialistic and uncaring. Executives at multinational companies such as McDonalds and Wal-Mart have recognized this problem in the past and
18、have now become heavily involved in the communities in which their stores are located through charitable programs. A third and also related responsibility of corporate executives is to ensure the long-term viability of their companies. Employees, as well as other stakeholders, need to know that the
19、company executives are interested in building an enduring institution. A good example of this responsibility not being honored is that of the Enron Energy Company and Arthur Andersen bankruptcy and accounting scandal. In this case, corporate executives abdicated their responsibilities to both compan
20、ies in order to maximize short-term profit and possibly their own bonuses and stock options. Corporate executives do have a responsibility to make as much money as possible. But they also have the responsibility to do so in a manner that helps to protect the worlds environment and people, that refle
21、cts a positive corporate image, and that will guarantee the long-term survival of the company. 【试题解析】 文章采用的是开门见山的开头方式，直接提出作者观点 为公司多赚钱不应是公司高管的惟一职责。紧接着，作者采用了分总的行文结构，在主体部分层次分明地论述了公司高管应当承担的其他责任。逻辑信号词 first of all， secondly， a third清晰地对文章做出了划分，使读者一目了然。结尾部分概括全文，同时采用了与正文不一样的表达方式，显示出作者扎 实的文字功底。 【知识模块】 经济环境类
22、 2 【正确答案】 Time to Dethrone, Humans Certainly no one can argue that many, and perhaps most, extinct species became extinct naturally rather than due to human interference. After all, mankinds length of time on earth, when compared to the age of the planet, is very small. But to say that there is no j
23、ustification for society to make extraordinary efforts to save an endangered species overestimates our own importance, minimizes the importance of a species, and ignores the intricate balances that all species on earth contribute to in our environment. To start with, it is easy to make the assumptio
24、n that because humans are capable of reason and thought, we are the dominant and therefore the most important species on Earth. We could assume that all other species are also put here for our use, to use and to abuse as we best see fit. To a certain extent, we can control almost all other varieties
25、 of lives on this planet. But having that ability and exercising that ability are two different things, and who is to say exactly what our role should be on Earth? Religious theologians have different ideas as to mans place in the world, but these are all based on human ideas and thoughts. It would
26、seem to be possible that animals and plants have ways of communicating that humans cannot recognize or understand. It is possible that there are forms of communication in this world that we do not have the capability of understanding, and it is important that we do not assume that we know everything
27、. As the dominant species on Earth, it is our responsibility to use that position wisely and to destroy as little as possible while still assuring the survival of mankind. Besides, there is a very delicate balance in nature that we also cannot determine with any precision. The chains of life are int
28、ricately bound together in a beautiful pattern that we cannot see through our own myopia. While most people would agree that permanently eliminating flies and mosquitoes, for example, is a good idea, we dont know what effects that might have in the long term. Certainly flies aid in the decomposition
29、 of waste materials. Mosquitoes may be an important food source for other animals in the food chain that directly leads to food for humans. To break any one link in this or any of the possibly billions of food chains in the environment could lead to catastrophe. As humans, we must realize that there
30、 are balances in the environment that we dont understand and that we must protect. To allow the extinction of any particular species could prove to be a fatal mistake to the long-term survival of mankind. 【试题解析】 文章开头首先重述了 directions的内容，但值得考生重视的是，作者并不是简单重复 directions中的原话，而是用自己的语言进行了 paraphrase，否则会给阅卷
31、人留下语言功底不扎实的负面印象。正文的两段从不同角度进行论述，先论证人类不能够自恃过高，考虑问题也应有其他出发点；再论证各物种之于自然平衡的重要意义，每一种生物在生物链中都有其独特的地位。结尾段进行综述，说明放任物种灭绝有悖人类的责任，也不利于人类的长期生存。 【知识模块】 经济环境类 3 【正确答案】 Tourism Spurred by Technological Advancement In any society, there are people that are born to travel and there are homebodies who are happy with w
32、here they are, with no desire to go anywhere else at all. Most people probably fall somewhere in between the two extremes. As television channels have become more numerous and computer connections have become faster and more easily available, there is more information on hand to the average person t
33、han ever before in history. But rather than making tourism obsolete, the Internet and television will spur more people to travel to places that they otherwise would never have known. First of all, the information technology age will likely also drive more people to tourism through the sheer increase
34、 in information available to the average person. Access to knowledge about any country is as close as an individuals desktop computer. The more countries and regions an individual can become familiar with, the greater the likelihood that he or she will find a place that he or she would like to visit
35、 in person. Hiking the Grand Canyon in the United States or scuba diving around the Great Barrier Reef in Australia is not the same as watching it on television or the Internet. Snow skiing in the Swiss Alps or breathing in the fresh air of the Scottish is truly enjoyed with experiencing. Previously
36、 unknown island paradises and countries are now making themselves famous through the use of television and the World Wide Web, trying to cash in on the billions of dollars that are spent every year on tourism. Global incomes have also increased, allowing more and more people in more countries to aff
37、ord traveling for a vacation. Moreover, incredible changes in vehicles for transportation have made travel not only safer but faster and more comfortable as well. High-speed magnetic levitation (maglev) trains can transport people safely at speeds of up to three hundred miles an hour in parts of Eur
38、ope and Japan. The Concorde jet can transport people from New York to London in less than four hours in luxurious comfort. Gigantic cruise ships that can sail to almost any ocean ports have been built that rival any five star land-based hotels anywhere in the world. There have even been space touris
39、ts who have traveled into outer space to the International Space Station and returned safely to Earth. More places than ever before are now accessible by rapid and reliable transportation. While it is likely that there are people that will do their traveling “virtually“ through television or the com
40、puter, it is equally likely that even without the availability of such a wealth of information, they would not have traveled anyway. Technology only increases the knowledge that is easily available; it cannot dampen the enthusiasm for tourism in those that love to travel. 【试题解析】 文章单刀直入地提出了作者的观点，即不赞同
41、题目中人们的说法。在正文部分作者分两段进行论述，分别集中在通讯技术的进步和交通工具的发达两个方面。第一方面重点论述的是虽然信息科技的进步让人们的信息量与以前不可同日而语，但真正亲身经历才能收获更大的快感。当中作者举了大量的实例，如畅游美国大峡谷、潜水大堡礁、滑雪阿尔卑斯山等，更能引人人胜。第二方面集中阐述交通工具方面的进步，使人们出行不仅更快捷，也更安全。作者同样引 述了水陆空交通工具作为实例支撑，显得论证更加充分令人信服。 【知识模块】 经济环境类 4 【正确答案】 War and Crime Cannot Be Erased When Equality Conies At first gl
42、ance, it would appear to be a reasonable and correct statement that if every person in the world could share all of the worlds territory and resources on a reasonable basis, there would seem to be no need for crime or war or for that matter, any relational problems among human beings. To a certain e
43、xtent, human nature probably is a reflection of the inequality of the human condition. But this would seem to exclude other aspects of human nature such as ethnocentricity and racism, religious conflicts and two of mankinds greatest troublemakers: envy and greed Ethnocentricity is the natural favori
44、tism of ones own ethnic group over other ethnic groups wherein the individual cultural groups values, norms and beliefs are seen as superior to all others. While not as overt as racism, it can still cause problems between members of different races or ethnic groups due to the fact that the person si
45、mply believes that his or her culture is better than another. Racism obviously causes problems in a similar but more open manner. The person that looks down upon another person simply because of his or her race is bound to cause problems any time he or she interacts with another race. Neither of the
46、se problems would disappear with the equal sharing of territory and resources. Religious conflicts would also not be excluded by the sharing of territory and resources. Throughout the ages, wars have been fought based almost purely on religious beliefs. The early Muslim holy wars or “jihads“, the Ch
47、ristian Crusades and various other wars based almost entirely on a desire to convert the rest of the world to a particular religious faith have raged throughout history. Finally, mankind as a species too often suffers from the twin evils of envy and greed. Greed could probably be best defined as the
48、 desire to have more than you actually need. Envy can be defined as wanting something that someone else has, whether you need it or not. In a perfect world, an equal division among the worlds population of both territory and resources would solve these two problems. But humans are not perfect and no
49、t infallible. The saying “the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence“ is popular for a reason. The human condition is part of what makes up human nature but it cannot be considered as the full cause of the various actions of human beings. History has shown that there are other motivations for war and crime that spring not only from an unequal division of territory and resources. 【试题解析】 如果说专四作文的命题还更多集中于与考生学习成长等相关问题的话，那么专八作文的要求无疑上升到了一个更高的层次，即要求考生就一些社会热点问题进行深度思考并抒发感想。本篇的命题即是如此，考生需要从社会学和人类学的角度进行思考，反思人类历史上种种纷争的原
