1、专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷 10及答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 Athens gave birth to Western culture. This is where the Wests ideas of government, law, justice and liberty all began. Architecture, science, drama and poetry also flourished here. The histo
2、ry of Athens is tied to mythology. The god that came up with the most valuable legacy for humans was to give the city its name. Poseidon and Athena each wanted the honor. Athena produced an olive treethe symbol of peace and wealth. Poseidon offered a strong horse needed for war. The gods decided Ath
3、enas gift would better serve the people, and the city became known as Athens. The Acropolis, or “high city“, stands on a hill overlooking the city. Western civilizations most important ancient monument was built by Pericles, the leader of Athens from 461-429 B.C. He spared no expense when he constru
4、cted the buildings of the Acropolis. He used only the best materials, architects and artists. His artists created huge statues of marble and covered them with gold and jewels. Sadly, only ruins remain of this “high city“ of temples. 2 Three centuries later, shortly before the birth of Christ, Egypt
5、was still ruled by a living goddess, Cleopatra, a Greek descended from one of Alexanders generals. She looked back to the Golden Age of Alexanders world empire and was determined to do even better herself. Alexander died at the age of 32. By the time Cleopatra was 23, she had gone ever further than
6、Alexander making her entrance into Rome as Queen of Egypt and consort of Julius Caesar, the most powerful man in the world. These were complex times. To keep your throne, you had to be adaptable, ruthless, intelligent and a great politician. Cleopatra had all these traits which is why history has pr
7、ovided us with lots of interpretations of Cleopatra. Renaissance poets saw her as a heroine dying for love. And painters alluded to her eroticism in their bare breasted portrayals of the dying queen. Hollywood reinforced the image of Cleopatra as a vamp starting with Theda Baras seductive portrayal
8、in 1917. 3 Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and, in the process, became one of the wealthiest men in America. His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of econom
9、ic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their investments. Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society. He opposed charity, preferring instead to provide education
10、al opportunities that would allow others to help themselves. “He who dies rich, dies disgraced,“ he often said. Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of
11、 national history. He also founded a“ school of technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University. 4 There is not much to choose between men. They are all a hotchpotch of greatness and littleness, of virtue and vice, of nobility and baseness. Some have more strength of character, or more opp
12、ortunity, and so in one direction or another give their instincts freer play, but potentially they are the same. For my part, I do not think I am any better or any worse than most people, but I know that if I set down every action in my life and every thought that has crossed my mind, the world woul
13、d consider me a monster of depravity. The knowledge that these reveries are common to all men should inspire one with tolerance to oneself as well as to others. It is well also if they enable us to look upon our fellows, even the most eminent and respectable, with humor, and if they lead us to take
14、ourselves not too seriously. 5 On May 13, 1940, Winston Churchill, the newly appointed British Prime Minister, gave his first speech to Parliament. He was preparing the people for a long battle against Nazi aggression, at a time when Englands survival was still in doubt. “. I have nothing to offer b
15、ut blood, toil, tears, and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering. You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea, and air-War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to
16、 wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word. It is victory. Victory at all costsvictory in spite of all terrorsfor without victory there is no survival. Let that be realized. No survival
17、 for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal. I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. I feel en
18、titled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength.“ 专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷 10答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 【正确答案】 雅典的历史与神话密不可分。哪一个神能带给人类最宝贵的遗产,就可以为此城命名。海神波塞冬和
19、智慧女神雅典娜都想得到这份殊荣。雅典娜拿出一棵橄榄树。它象征着和平与富饶。波塞冬则献出一匹强壮的战马。诸神裁定雅典娜的礼物对人类更有意义,于是此城被命 名为 “雅典 ”。 雅典卫城,或称 “高城 ”,耸立在山上俯瞰着雅典全城,它是西方文明最重要的古老遗迹,由公元前 461至 429年间的雅典统治者伯里克利所建。他不惜成本建造雅典卫城,只用最好的材料、建筑师和艺术家。他的艺术家们制作了巨大的大理石雕像,外镶以黄金和宝石。可惜的是,这座神庙 “高城 ”如今只剩下一片废墟。 【试题解析】 1、本段文字讲述雅典城名称的由来和雅典卫城的建造,语句简练,要译好本段,考生需了解古希腊文明,尤其要具备雅典城的
20、相关知识。 2、第 1段第 2句的 came up with意为 produced, brought译为 “带来 ”; give the city itsname中的 its指 gods。 3、笫 1段第 3句的 Poseidon和 Athena皆为希腊神话人物, Poseidon一般译为 “海神波塞冬 ”, Athena译为 “智慧女神雅典娜 ”; honor译为 “殊荣 ”,以示强调。 4、第 2段第 1句的 the Acropolis系专有名词,即 “雅典卫城 ”,上筑有巴台农神庙; thecity译为 “雅典全城 ”,表示强调。 5、最后一句的 of this“high city”of
21、 temples作后置定语修饰 ruins; remain为不及物动词。句型 “Only ruins of remain ”一般译为 “ 如今只剩下一片废墟。 ” 【知识模块】 英译汉 2 【正确答案】 三百年后,耶稣即将诞生之时,埃及仍处在一个活女神 克莉奥帕特拉的统治下,她是希腊人,是亚历山大大帝手下一名将领的后代。她追忆亚历山大世界帝国的黄金时期,并决意自己要做得更好。亚历山大 32岁时去世,而克莉奥帕特拉 23岁时就已经走得比亚历山大更远:她以埃及女王和世界上最有权力的人尤利乌斯 ?恺撒的情人身份走进了罗马。 当时局面非常 复杂,要保住王位,一个统治者必须灵活、无情、机智,还必须是一个
22、出色的政客。这些特点克莉奥帕特拉全都具备,这就解释了为什么历史留给我们诸多有关她的不同说辞。文艺复兴时期的诗人们将她视作为爱情献身的女英雄:画家们则把她描绘成裸胸垂死的色欲女王。 【试题解析】 1、这是一段介绍埃及女王克莉奥帕特拉的文字,语句简洁,具备一定的世界历史知识对翻译此段文字会有很大帮助。 2、译文将第 1段第 1句的名词短语 a Greek descended from one of Alexanders generals译为汉语双谓 语句: “她是希腊人,是亚历山大大帝手下一名将领的后代 ”,其中 bedescended from sb是英文习语,作 “为某人的后裔 ”解。 3、第
23、 2段第 1、 2句逻辑上构成因果关系,译为一句话,可以使表达紧凑;第 2句的 you为泛指代词,这里实指 a ruler,故译为 “一个统治者 ”。 4、第 2段第 3句的 which引导的从句译为独立小句 “这就解释了为什么历史留给我们诸多有关她的不同说辞 ”,也可译为 “关于她,历史留给我们诸多不同的阐释,根由在此 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 3 【正确答案】 安德鲁 ?卡耐 基,是众所周知的钢铁大王,他建立了美国钢铁工业,并在这一过程中成为了美国最富有的人之一。 他的成功,部分归结于他的销售能力,部分归结于经济衰退时期他的扩张策略 经济衰退时,他的多数对手都在缩减投资。卡耐基深信个人应
24、该通过努力工作取得进步,但他也坚定地认为有钱人应该利用他们的财富为社会谋福利。他反对施舍救济,宁愿为他人提供教育机会帮助他们自立。卡耐基经常说: “死而富者,死得可耻。 ” 他向社会所做的捐助很多其中比较突出的都以他的名字命名,如匹兹堡卡耐基学校,这个学校拥有一个图书馆,一个美术馆 和一个国家历史博物馆;他还创立了一所技术学院,目前该学院是卡耐基梅隆大学的重要组成部分。 【试题解析】 1、一般说来,人物介绍文字内容上都极具个性,语言比较生动,考生翻译此类文字,重点当在对人物行为举止及其个性特征进行准确的传译。 2、第 1段的 known as the King of Steel是过去分词短语作
25、插入语,译作独立小句“是众所周知的钢铁大王 ”,符合汉语介绍人物时多用 “ 是 ” 的表达习惯。 3、第 2段第 3句的现在分词短语 preferring 在逻辑上与主句构成对比,译为独立小句,凸现这种结构所要表达的语义; that引导的定语从句实际上表示目的,故译作状语 “帮助他们自立 ”。 4、第 2段最后一句的 “He who dies rich, dies disgraced ”表述简练,对比鲜明,译文 “死而富者,死得可耻 ”无论在形式上还是在意义上与原文的对应都很巧妙。 5、第 3段第 1句为全倒装句,翻译时可保留原语序不变,只是根据汉语习惯进行拆分,译为 “他向社会所做的捐助很多
26、,其中 ” : fine arts指 “美术 ”或 “美术的各种形式 ”,如绘画、雕刻等。 【知识模块】 英译汉 4 【正确答案】 人和人之间没什么大的差别。任何人都是伟大与渺小、善良与邪恶、高尚与低俗的混合体。有的人个性比较坚毅或者机会比较好,所以能在某个方面更自由地发挥自己的禀赋,但是人的潜能都是相同的。就拿我来说,我认为自己并不比大多数人更好或更差,但是我知道,假如我记下我生命中每一个举动和每一个掠过脑海的想法的话,世人将会把我视作一个邪恶的怪物。每个人都会有这些怪念头,认识到这一点,人们就更能包容自己、包容他人。认识到这一点,我 们就能以同情的态度看待同伴,即便他们是最优秀最值得尊敬的
27、人;认识到这一点,我们也就不会把自己太当一回事了。 【试题解析】 1、本段题旨是如何认识自我,善待他人,文字直白欣畅,富于哲理内涵,做好本篇翻译,考生必须综合运用翻译技巧,关注译文的可读性。 2、第 2句的三个 of引导的短语构成排比结构,行文优美,译文也要尽量实现同样的表达效果,这里译为 “伟大与渺小、善良与邪恶、高尚与低俗 ”表达贴切与原文形式相似内容对等,可谓是充分的翻译。 3、第 3句的 more opportunity可译为 “机会比较好 ”或 “机 会比较多 ”: in one direction oranother译为 “某个方面 ”,其中 direction是比喻的用法。 4、
28、第 5句较长,将 that these reveries are common to all men译为独立小句前置,并将 knowledge和 tolerance分别转译为动词结构,符合汉语多用小句和动词的表达习惯。 5、最后一句大意是说,人只要认识自己都有怪念头,就能正确看待自己和他人,故在译文中重复了 “认识这一点 (人人都有怪念头 )”,使意思更明确,其中 they指thesereveries; with humor中, humor作 “同情 ”解,而非 “幽默 ”之义。 【知识模块】 英译汉 5 【正确答案】 我所能奉献的唯有热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水。我们所面临的将是一场极其严酷的考验
29、,将是旷日持久的斗争和苦难。 若问我们的政策是什么 ?我的回答是:在陆上、海上、空中作战。尽我们的全力,尽上帝赋予我们的全部力量去作战,对人类黑暗、可悲的罪恶史上空前凶残的暴政作战。这就是我们的政策。 若问我们的目标是什么 ?我可以用一个词来回答,那就是胜利。不惜一切代价,去夺取胜利;不惧一切恐怖 ,去夺取胜利;不论前路如何漫长、如何艰苦,去夺取胜利。因为没有胜利就不能生存。 我们务必认识到,没有胜利就不复有大英帝国,没有胜利就不复有大英帝国所象征的一切,没有胜利就不复有多少世纪以来的强烈渴求和愿望:人类应当向自己的目标迈进。 【试题解析】 1、本段选自英国杰出的政治家温斯顿 ?丘吉尔在二战初
30、期出任战时内阁首相时首次发表的全国讲话。当时德军占领了波兰和北欧,正向比利时、荷兰、法国进攻,而一直推行绥靖政策的张伯伦刚刚下台,悲观和失望的情绪笼罩着当时的英国。丘吉尔在讲话中指出纳粹德国失败的必然 性,并鼓励和号召英国人民坚持抵抗。因而本段措辞很有激情。考生在翻译时应注意译文的选词。 2、第 2段第 1句和第 3段第 1句的 you ask如果译成 “你们问 ”,译文就显得很平淡,不符合当时的背景。译为 “若问 ”既简洁又隐隐突出当时战事的紧张。同时两段都用 “若问 ”开头可以加强语气。 3、第 2段第 2句的 by land, sea, and air在此处是指陆海空三军,不能作为乘坐交
31、通工具来译。 4、第 2段末句的 never surpassed是 “从未失败 ”之义,用来修饰 monstrous tyranny,体现了暴政的强大可怕, 根据语境可将 never surpassed译作 “空前 ”,也可译为 “极其 ”。 5、末段首句的 Let that be realized译作 “我们务必认识到 ”,突出了听众的地位,与原文要表达的意思一致。也可意译为 “有一点必须明确 ”。 6、在处理末段第 2句的 No survival引导的排比句时,译文也同样采用排比句式,即连续使用三个 “没有 就不复有 ” ,气势宏大。当然,也可译成 “没有 就没有 就没有 就没有 ” 的结构,但这样用词会造成视觉上的累赘感,语势也相对减弱了。 【知识模块】 英译汉