1、专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷 173及答案与解析 一、 PART IV TRANSLATION 1 要一个人独自进食,即使不算重罚,在中国文化中通常也被视为不幸,一种不无悲凉的境地。汉语对吃独食的描述,大都乏善可陈,一句 “胡乱吃了些 ”搪塞过去。中国人的社会中,人必须借饮食与他人沟通,与社会上的人形成生命共同体之感受。 如今,大家庭在解体,晚婚、单身及独居人士逐年增加。即使是全面重建中的民间社会,也不再是原有的形态。最起码,成为一家网站的会员就不需要请网管吃饭。聚众吃饭的机会少了,独自 进食仍然是大部分社会成员心理上挥之不去的阴影。到处都在讨论 “现代化 (或全球化 )的困境 ”,不知道独自
2、进食算不算困境的一种。 2 在聪颖、精明的犹太人眼里,任何东西都是有价的,都能失而复得,只有智慧才是人生无价的财富。而智慧,很大程度上是从书本中得来的。为了让孩子们喜欢书本,当孩子刚懂事时,母亲们就会将蜂蜜滴在书本上,让孩子去舔书上的蜂蜜。其用意是想告诉孩子:书本是甜的。 有些人并不是天生比任何人聪明,但他们更懂得怎样去铸造一枚无价的金币 智慧。智慧是永恒的财富,它引导人通向成功,而且永不 会贫穷。 3 讲英语的人听到别人赞扬,一般说 “谢谢 ”,表示接受,说明自己认为对方的赞扬是诚心诚意的,所赞扬的事是值得赞扬的。因此不应 “假装自卑 ”或 “故作谦虚 ”。但是,对于中国人来说,听到别人赞扬
3、时,通常要表示受之有愧,做得很不够;或者说自己的成就不过是由于侥幸,或者说是客观条件造成的,等等,而接受赞扬则意味着有骄傲自满情绪或 “缺乏教养 ”。因此,上述两种回答引起不同反应是由于双方语言习惯不同。他们都根据各自的风俗去理解别人所说的话。 4 不管是好习惯还是坏习惯,都是逐渐养成的。当一个人 重复做某件事时,一种看不见的力量驱使他去重复做同一件事,这样就养成了习惯。习惯一旦形成,要改掉它是困难的,有时是不可能的。所以,我们在形成习惯的时候要小心谨慎,这一点是非常重要的。小孩子常常会养成坏习惯。这些坏习惯中有的一直保留到你死去为止。年纪大的人也会养成坏习惯,在某些情况下,这些坏习惯能毁掉人
4、。还有的早年养成的习惯成了一件幸事。许多成功者声称他们很多的成功要归功于早年生活所形成的习惯,诸如准时、早起、诚实和彻底。 5 学问要有根底,根底要打得平正坚实,以后永远受用。初学阶段的科目之最重要的莫 过于语文与数学。语文是阅读达意的工具,国文不通便很难表达自己,外国文不通便很难吸取外来的新知。数学是思想条理之最好的训练。其他科目也各有各的用处,其重要性很难强分轩轾,例如体育,从一方面看也是重要得无以复加。总之,我们在求学时代,应该暂且把趣味放在一旁,耐着性子接受教育的纪律,把自己锻炼成为坚实的材料。 学问的趣味,留在将来慢慢享受一点也不迟。 专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷 173答案与解析
5、一、 PART IV TRANSLATION 1 【正确答案】 In Chinese culture, dining alone is usually thought to be a misery if not a severe punishmenta rather disconsolate and deplorable situation. Chinese phrases describing such a phenomenon are exceptionally few. “I just grabbed a quick and casual bite“ is the most typica
6、l answer a man would provide to dismiss a polite inquiry with, after he has finished eating solo. In Chinese society, people love to communicate over food and drink, so much so that they seem unable to develop a sense of fellowship otherwise. Nowadays, the traditional extended family is giving way t
7、o a new and more liberal style of life. More and more people choose to marry late, stay single or simply live alone. Even the so-called civilian society under reconstruction now is hardly the same as it used to be. At least, one will not need to treat the webmaster to a delicious meal when he applie
8、s for membership of some website. Opportunities for dining together are no longer abundant. Although the majority of Chinese citizens have become increasingly used to eating in isolation, the sorrow thus caused still plagues them like a gloomy shadow. In view of the current discussion raging everywh
9、ere as to the plights of modernization (or globalization) , I wonder whether eating alone may be counted as one of them. 【试题解析】 1第一段第一句中 “即使不算重罚 也被视为不幸 ”,虽然汉英两种语言中这种句式的结构不同,但都是相对固定的说法。翻译时应进行相应的调整,可译为 is usually thought to be a misery if not a severe punishment 。 2第二句中的 “搪塞过去 ”原意是指不好意思拒绝就敷衍和打发人家的好意问候
10、,可译为 dismiss a polite inquiry。 3在翻译第一段最后一句的时候可以适当进行调整,以结果状语从句的形式来体现,译为 people love to communicate over food and drink, so much so that 。 4 “形成生命共同体 ”就是 “与他人感同身受,融为一体 ”,故译为 develop a sense of fellowship。 5第二段第一句可分译为两句。 “大家庭在解体 ”意为 “传统的大家庭生活方式让位给新的更为自由的生活方式 ”,可译为 Nowadays, the traditional extended fam
11、ily is giving way to a new and more liberal style of life。 6第二段第二句中 “不再是原有的形态 ”可译为 hardly the same as it used to be。 7第二段第四句中 “心理上挥之不去的阴影 ”翻译时应该把隐含的意思补充完全。阴影肯定给人内心造成了不快和伤感,可以采用比喻的手法译为 the sorrow thus caused still plagues them like a gloomy shadow。 8最后一句中 “现代化的困境 ”译为 plights of modernization更合适。 plig
12、ht含有“不 幸的、让人无奈的困境 ”, dilemma则指 “进退两难 ”。 【知识模块】 翻译 2 【正确答案】 In the eyes of the intelligent and smart Jewish people, every material thing has a value and they can all be lost and regained. Only wisdom is a priceless asset to your life. Wisdom, to a great extent, is obtained from books. In order to cul
13、tivate childrens love for books, when they begin to make sense of things, mothers would drip a little honey on the book cover and let them lick it. The message mothers really try to deliver is that books are sweet. Some people are not actually born wiser than others. However, they do know better how
14、 to cast an invaluable “gold coin“wisdom, which is an eternal treasure, leading people to success and the lasting freedom from poverty. 【试题解析】 1第一段最后一句 “其用意是想告诉孩子:书本是甜的。 ”可译为表语从句 is that 。 “其用意 ”可译为 The message mothers really try to deliver 。 2第二段第一句中 “天生 ” 翻译为 are born 。 3第二段第二句与第一句中的 “但他们更懂得怎样去铸造一
15、枚无价的金币 智慧 ”衔接紧密,是对第一句中 “智慧 ”的进一步说明,因此可译为 “智慧 ”的定语从句。 “它引导人通向成功,而且永不会贫穷 ”可译为现在分词短语。该句译为 which is an et ernal treasure, leading people to success and the lasting freedom from poverty。 【知识模块】 翻译 3 【正确答案】 To English-speaking people, praise is to be accepted, generally with a remark like “Thank you“. It
16、is assumed that the compliment is sincere, and the praise is for some worthy achievement. Therefore, there should be no show of false humility, no pretended modesty. To Chinese, however, the customary reply to a compliment would be to claim that one is not worthy of the praise, that what one has don
17、e is hardly enough, or that success is more a matter of luck or some other circumstances. Acceptance of a compliment would imply conceit or lack of manners. So, in the two cases above, the reason for such different reactions is caused by differences in customs of language. Each is interpreting what
18、the others say according to his or her own culture. 【试题解析】 1第一句可以断开译为两句, “讲英语 表示接受 ”单独译为一句。由于这句话的信息重心是 “赞扬 ”,为了突出这一重心,可以进行语态转换,译为被动句。 2第一句后半部分 “说明自己认为 是值得赞扬的 ”可译为无主句 It is assumed thatis for some worthy achievement 。 3第二句可运用词类转换,将动词词组 “假装自卑 ”和 “故作谦虚 ”译为名词词组false humility和 pretended modesty。 4第三句是个汉语
19、的无主句,在译文中需要补充出主语, “通常要 缺乏教养 ”部分说的都是中国人听到赞扬时的习惯性回答,因此可以增加 the customary reply作为整句的主语。 5 “表示 ”可译为 claim,其后的 “受之有愧,做得很不够 ” 可译为 claim的宾语从句,其逻辑主语是 “一个人 ”,是个泛称,可用 one来翻译。 6最后一句中 “风俗 ”指的是 “文化背 景 ”,故译为 culture更贴切。 【知识模块】 翻译 4 【正确答案】 Habits, good or bad, are acquired ones. A habit is developed by an invisibl
20、e force which drives one to repeat an action. Once formed, it is hard, sometimes even impossible to get rid of it. Therefore, it is of great importance for us to take great caution in training a habit. Children are prone to bad habits, some of which will remain throughout their life. Elder people al
21、so tend to grow bad habits, which, under certain circumstances, may ruin themselves. Some habits developed in ones earlier life turned to be a blessing. Many successful people have attributed their achievements to the habits acquired in their earlier life, such as punctuality, honesty, and persevera
22、nce and rising with the lark. 【试题解析】 1第一句中 “逐渐养成的 ”,可考虑用形容词 acquired表达。该句强调 “习惯是养成的 ”,由此可译为 Habits, good or bad, are acquired ones。 2第二句是 “一个人 ”作主语的泛称句,这种句子翻译时一般进行语态转换,译为被动句。 3第三句中表条件的分句 “习惯一旦形成 ”,可用分词短语 Once formed来表达,使句子更精练。 4第四句需要调整语序,用 it作形式主语。 “这一点是非常重要的 ”可译为 it is of great importance或 it is ve
23、ry important。 5第五句和第六句可合译为一个长句,其中第六句译为定语从句。 6第八句中 “一件幸事 ”可译为 a blessing或 a good fortune。 7最后一句中的 “声称 ”如果翻译出来就会使译文显得冗余,因此可以省译。 8 “彻底 ”在文中的意思是 “坚持不懈 ”,可译为 perseverance。 【知识模块】 翻译 5 【正确答案】 Laying a solid foundation for learning will be of great lifelong benefit to you. Of all the school subjects during
24、 the preliminary stage of learning, languages and mathematics are the most important. Languages serve as a tool for reading and communication. Without a good knowledge of Chinese, you will find it difficult to express yourself. Without a good knowledge of a foreign language, you will find it difficu
25、lt to absorb new knowledge from abroad. Mathematics makes for logical thinking.Other subjects also have their respective uses. It is hard to say which is more important. Physical education, for example, is also extremely important from another point of view. In short, while in school, we should temp
26、orarily put aside our personal liking and patiently observe school discipline so that we may temper ourselves and become solid stuff. 【试题解析】 1画线部分第一句有三个分句,但可以浓缩为一句话,即 “打牢学问根底将受益终生 ”,因此可以合译为一个简单句 Laying a solid foundation for learning will be of great life-long benefit to you。 2画线部分第二句中 “语文 ”的外延比较广,不
27、仅指中文,因此不宜译为Chinese,而应译为 languages。 3画线部分第三句中三个分句都各自能表达完整的意思,因此可译成三个独立的句子。 “达意 ”指的是 “交流 ”,可译为 communication。 4画线部分第三句中后两个小分句都是无主句,翻译时应补充出泛称主语 you。“外来的 ”指 “国外的 ”,可译为 from abroad。 5画线部分第四句中的名词结构 “思想条理之最好的训练 ”可进行词类转换,译为动词结构 makes for logical thinking。 6画线部分第五句中的 “轩轾 ”指 “好坏,高低,强弱,主次 ”,可用比较级表达,根据语境译为 which is more important。 7画线部分第六句中的 “把自己锻炼成为坚实的材料 ”表示最终的目的,在译文中要添加连 词 so that或 in order that,体现出逻辑关系。 “趣味 ”在文中指 “兴趣 ”,可译为 interest或 liking。 【知识模块】 翻译