1、专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试卷 2及答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 The word “winner“ and “loser“ have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by b
2、eing credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society. Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretenc
3、e, and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask. Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and t
4、o use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinion and dont pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed b
5、y them. Winners do not play “helpless“, nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives. 2 Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreaus idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening
6、ones perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more
7、 important efforts. Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same
8、terms when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains“. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless. We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something ha
9、rd for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning withi
10、n the rules. No difficulty, no fun. 3 If people mean anything at all by the expression “untimely death“, they must believe that some deaths ran on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimelya long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person,
11、 one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measure of that life was still to be taken. History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and James Dean, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John
12、 Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue. 4 In recent years, Britain has
13、been afflicted with one scandal after another, and these have been widely publicized by media everywhere. These scandals have far-reaching consequences for its once much-admired public institutions. They reflected the falling standards in education, postal, transport, health care and social welfare
14、services, to name a few key areas. Education is a clear example. Reduced government subsidies have led to the deliberate lowering of admission standards and easier attainment of degrees in some universities aimed at attracting more students. To bolster the funding of an ancient university, a don the
15、re offered college places to offspring of substantial donors who would not otherwise be eligible for admission. Most recently, the A-Level examination marking debacle affecting hundreds of thousands of students shocked the nation. Brain drain of its elites is becoming serious, as many have emigrated
16、 elsewhere for a better future. More will follow suit, unless effective solutions are found soon. 5 The Royal Dutch Shell Group has nearly 100,000 employees working in almost 135 countries. Many of the over 6,000 expatriate employees are posted in countries where English is not necessarily the first
17、 language. To ensure this does not handicap the companys business aspirations. Shell ensures that it has a good complement of competent local staff for many of the senior positions within the management/ project team. Through this system, Shell has created a solid management foundation that works ef
18、ficiently in any country regardless of language issues. If you work in a global corporation with a wide reach, you have colleagues with extraordinary talents coming from all over the world and the success of Shell is the ability to have these people work in teams to help each other bridge the variou
19、s “cultural gaps“. These gaps could be language, ethnic or gender based. The fundamental need is to be able to find a common ground on which progress can be launched. And the most important knowledge here is “tactic“to have the ability to recognize what is relevant and to be able to deliver it effec
20、tively for positive results. Language and gender therefore, should not create any barriers. 专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试卷 2答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 【正确答案】 胜者不会终生追随某个他们自己想象的为人之道，而会保持自我本色。正因为如此，他们不会耗费精力来装模作样、装腔作势，或是操纵他人。他们知道，真爱与假爱、愚蠢与装傻、学识渊博与故作高深之间，是
21、有 区别的。胜者无须躲在面具后面。 胜者不惧独立思考，也不怕独自分析。他们能区分事实和观点，不会佯装无所不知。他们倾听他人之见、鉴他人之言，而作己之结论。尽管胜者也可以钦佩、敬重他人却不会完全被他人束缚、摧垮、限制而产生畏惧心理。胜者从不扮演可怜无助的角色，也不怨天尤人，他们会毅然肩负起自己的生活责任。 【试题解析】 1、选段论述的是胜者有道的相关内容，原文论述浑厚有力、气势强劲，翻译有一定难度，考生应推敲译文用词，防止词不达意。 2、第 2段第 1句的 dedicate ones life to本 意是 “献身于 ”，在这里相当于 stick to allones life，意为 “终生追随
22、 ” 。 concept本是 “概念，观念 ”之意，现将其与 they shouldbe合译为 “为人之道 ”。如果译为 “做人原则 ”也是可取的。 put on在此处是 “装作有装出 ” 的意思。 3、第 3段第 1句中为了与 do their own thinking“独立思考 ”的翻译相对应将 use theirown knowledge译为 “独自分析 ”，若译为 “单独干活 ”或是 “独自办事 ”也是可行的。其中 use ones own knowledge应理解为 put what one has learned into practice。 4、第 3段最后一句的译文将 or处理
23、作递进关系突出了 awe，从而与前文的admire andrespect相照应。 5、如果将最后一段的 play helpless中的 play理解成 “假装 ”，则 play helpless也可以译为 “装可怜 ”。 play the blaming game是个很形象的说法，其中 blaming强调“一直在责怪 (他人或其他非人因素 )”，因此译作 “怨天尤人 ”是十分恰当的。若译为“成天抱怨 ”也是 可取的。 【知识模块】 英译汉 2 【正确答案】 付出努力是其本质所在。要想获得幸福，就得终生与困难为伴并与之斗争。正如叶芝所言，除去不可能做成的事，我们一生获得的满足有多大，取决于我们选
24、择的困难程度有多高。当罗伯特 ?弗罗斯特谈及 “承受痛苦的快乐 ”时，他的思路也大抵如此。广告中宣扬的幸福观有一个致命缺点，那就是它声称幸福唾手可得，不用费力。 即便是在游戏中也需要有困难存在。我们需要困难，那是因为没有困难，就不会有游戏。所谓 “游戏 ”，就是人为地制造困难来追求乐趣的方式。所谓的 “游戏规则 ”，就是在游戏中任意施加的困难。每当有人破坏游戏、扫了大家的兴，总是因为此人不按规则玩游戏。下棋时，如果你随心所欲地更改早已设定好的规则，赢棋固然容易，但下棋的乐趣却荡然无存。总之一句话，没有困难，就没有乐趣。 【试题解析】 1、选段是一篇说理文，主要阐述困难在人生中的重要性，原文用词
25、朴实、论述有力，考生应推敲译文用词，防止词不达意。 2、若将 There is no happiness except 译为 “除非 否则 ”或是 “若 就没有 ”也是可行的。译文采用反译的策略，将其译作 “要想 就得 ” ，直奔主 题，简洁明了。 3、第 2段第 4句的 The pleasure of taking pains除了译作 “承受痛苦的快乐 ”之外，还可译为 “苦中作乐 ”， “以苦为乐 ”。 4、第 2段最后一句的 is in the fact that 本可译成 “基于这样一个事实 ”，不过过分追求与原文在形式和意义上的对等在翻译中应当尽量避免。译为 “那就是 ”既简明也符合
26、原文的意思。 purport to be be purported to be意为 “据称是，声称是 ”。 5、在翻译解释 game和 rules的时候增加了 “所谓 ”二字，比较符合 汉语介绍概念的表达习惯。 6、第 3段第 5句的 play by the rules也可以诙谐地译为 “按常理出牌 ”。 7、最后一句的 No difficulty， no fun可以看做是选段的小结，因而译文增加了 “总之一句话 ”，使得衔接更顺畅。 【知识模块】 英译汉 3 【正确答案】 如果人们对于 “英年早逝 ”等字眼意有所指的话，必然是相信有些人是 “寿终正寝 ”，有些人则死得 “还不是时候 ”。高龄
27、仙逝是极少被称为 “早逝 ”的，因为人们认为，长寿就意味着一生圆满。但是如果是年轻人去世，人们会说他还未到人生最辉 煌的时刻，生命的价值还有待挖掘。 然而历史却很自然地否定了这个观点。说到那些著名人物的英年早逝，人们不禁会想起玛丽莲 ?梦露和詹姆斯 ?迪恩，他们两人都拥有短暂而完整的一生。同样地，作家们一直难以接受诗人约翰 ?济慈 26岁就去世的事实。所以他们在 26岁之后，便不无戏谑地感叹自己一生无所作为。这种将人生短暂等同于壮志未酬的看法不合逻辑，因为生命的价值取决于它留给世界的印象，取决于它丰富的情感和高尚的品质。 【试题解析】 1、本段文字围绕 “英年早逝 ”进行论述，观点鲜明，用词规
28、范严谨，考生翻译时需注意其论证的逻辑性和层次性。 2、第 1段第 1句的 some deaths run on a better schedule than others可直译为 “一些人的死亡进度安排优于其他人的死亡进度 ”，现译为 “有些人是 寿终正寝 ，有些人则死得 还不是时候 ”调整了主语，语义上亦做了变通，可读性较强。 3、第 1段第 3句的 with the passing of a young person中， passing是 death的委 婉表达； with表示条件。 4、第 1段第 3句的 the best years可译为 “人生最辉煌的时刻 ”、 “人生的巅峰 ”或“
29、人生的黄金时代 ”。 5、第 2段第 1句的 History denies this中， this指上文论及的 “英年早逝不值得，唯有高龄去世此生才圆满 ”的观点，译文据此有增译。 6、第 2段第 2句的 prominent summer deaths意即 deathl s of those prominent people whodied in their best years，故可译为 “那些著名人物的英年早 逝 ”，其中，summer用来比喻人处于生命力旺盛的壮年。 7、第 2段第 3句的 half playfully可译为 “不无戏谑 ”或 “半开玩笑半当真 ”，其中，half意为 a
30、 little。 8、最后一句的 unfulfilled有 “未实现的，未达到的 ”之义，此处译作 “壮志未酬 ”，表达典雅。 intensity在此处指 “生活的激情 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 4 【正确答案】 最近几年，英国丑闻层出不穷，引起各地媒体广泛报道。这些丑闻给一向为人称道的英国公共机构带来巨大的冲击，它们反映了教育、邮政、交通、 医疗保健和社会福利等主要部门的服务水平日益低落。 教育是一个很明显的例子。在政府减少补贴的情况下，为吸引更多学生，一些大学刻意降低入学水平和获得学位的难度。有一所大学，历史悠久，为了筹募资金，甚至招收不合格的学生，条件是家长必须捐献一大笔款项。不久前。
31、 “A”水准考试评分风波影响了数以万计的学生，也震惊了英国社会。 顶尖人才外流问题日益严重，许多人为了追寻更美好的未来选择了移民。除非能很快找到解决问题的有效措施，否则移民潮还会持续下去。 【试题解析】 1、本段指出英国教育、邮政等部门服务 水平日益低落，并以英国教育为例展开论述。语言正式，论证严密，根据汉语习惯适当进行语态、词性转换，适当增加逻辑连接词，有助于做好本篇的翻译。 2、首段第 1句的 has been afflicted with 和 have been widely publicized by系被动语态，属英文常态结构，译文将其转换为汉语的主动语态，符合汉语行文习惯。 3、首段
32、末句的 falling standards系偏正结构，可转译为主谓结构，译为 “服务水平日益低落 ”。 4、翻译中碰到生词，可根据上下文判断词义，如由第 2段末句 的 affecting和shocked可推断出 debacle“崩溃，完全失败 ”应该是某种不好的事物或现象，这里译为 “风波 ”。 5、末段首句中的 brain drain常译为 “人才外流 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 5 【正确答案】 为使此举不影响业务发展，壳牌公司须确保拥有足够的当地人才在管理机构或项目团队里担任要职。通过这一机制，壳牌公司建立了稳固的管理制度，并能有效地运作，只要是在它设有业务的国家，语言根本就不构成问题。
33、 如果是在业务范围很广的跨国集团工作，你就会和来自世界各地的优秀人 才共事。壳牌公司获得成功的秘诀就在于，它能把这些人组成团队，通过合作互助，最终跨越语言、种族或性别等 “文化鸿沟 ”。所以，我们要做的是为公司的发展寻求共同基础最重要的是掌握 “策略 ”，要能看清问题的关键，并通过有效的途径公之于众，确保效果，不能因为语言或者性别问题而造成任何障碍。 【试题解析】 1、本段围绕壳牌公司的文化策略展开论述，语言正式，多长句，因此，用贴切的汉语译好长句是做好本篇翻译的关键。 2、首段第 1句的介词短语 for many of the senior positions转译为动宾词组 “担任要职 ”；
34、将表范围的 within the management project team置于 “担任 ”前，以符合汉语表达习惯。 3、首段末句的 that引导的定语从句可译为并列的分句，介词短语 in any country和 regardlessof language issues意译为句子 “只要是在它设有业务的国家，语言根本就不构成问题 ”。 4、末段前两句紧密相关，故可将此两句合并起来翻译。 5、末段第 3句的名词 need作主语，可转译为 “要做的 ” ；将 which引导的定语从句理解为目的，译为 “为了公司的发展 ”， 行文简洁流畅。末段倒数第 2句介词短语 forpositive results转译为动词词组 “确保效果 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉
