[外语类试卷]专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷3及答案与解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷 3及答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 Chinese Americans retain many aspects of their ancient culture, even after having lived here for several generations. For Example, their family ties continue to be remarkably strong (encompas

2、sing grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins, and others). Members of the family lend each other moral support and also practical help when necessary. From a very young age children are imbued with the old values and attitudes, including respect for their elders and a feeling of responsibility to the f

3、amily. This helps to explain why there is so little juvenile delinquency among them. The high regard for education which is deeply imbedded in Chinese culture, and the willingness to work very hard to gain advancement, are other noteworthy characteristics of theirs. This explains why so many descend

4、ants of uneducated laborers have succeeded in becoming doctors, lawyers, and other professionals. (Many of the most outstanding Chinese American scholars, scientists, and artists are more recent arrivals, who come from Chinas former upper class and who represent its high cultural traditions.) 2 Chin

5、ese courtesies have always been formal to follow strict rules, although sometimes Chinese people seem to be impolite according to Western norms in public places. To well understand Chinese, the following concept should not be ignored: Mianzi (Face): The idea of shame, usually expressed as “face“, co

6、uld be loosely defined as the “status“ or “self-respect“ in Chinese and by no means alien to foreigners. It is the worst thing for a Chinese to lose face. Never insult, embarrass, shame, yell at or otherwise demean a person, since all these actions would risk putting a Chinese in a situation that he

7、 might lose face. Neither try to prove someone wrong nor shout at him in public. In order to get a successful effect without letting a Chinese lose face, any criticism should be delivered privately, discreetly and tactfully, or else, just opposite to what you wish. 3 Jazz brought together elements f

8、rom Africa and Europe, fusing them into a new culture, an expression unique to the Americans. Out of this fusion came an idea that we Americans believe central to our identity: tolerance. Americans acknowledge that in diversity is our strength. We learn every day that other cultures and peoples may

9、make valuable contributions to our way of life. Jazz music is the embodiment of this ideal, combining elements from African and European cultures into a distinctly American music. Jazz reflects two contradictory facets of American life. On the one hand it is a team effort where every musician is com

10、pletely immersed in what the group does together, listening to each of the other players and building on their contributions to create a musical whole. On the other hand, the band features a soloist who is an individual in the extreme. In the same sense, American life is also a combination of teamwo

11、rk and individualism, a combination of individual brilliance with the ability to work with others. 4 It is simple enough to say that since books have classesfiction, biography, poetrywe should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books w

12、hat books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions w

13、hen we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticise at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your

14、 mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is givi

15、ng you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite. 5 In his classic novel, The Pioneers, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks

16、 around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. “Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?“ she asks. Hes astonished she cant see them. “Where! Why everywhere.“ he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to h

17、im as if they were already constructed and finished. Cooper was illustrating a distinctive American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert E

18、instein once said, “Life for the American is always becoming, never being.“ 专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷 3答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 【正确答案】 比方说,他们的家庭关系还是异常紧密 (包括祖父母、叔伯、姑姨、堂兄妹,还有其他人 )。家庭成员相互给予精神鼓励,必要时相互给予实际帮助。孩子们从小耳濡目染传统道德观念 ,学习尊敬长辈,培养家庭责任感。华人少年犯罪率较低

19、,原因或许就在于此。 中国人其他的显著特征 还有:高度重视教育 这一点深植于其传统文化,以及为了进步愿意拼命工作。未受过教育的华工,他们的后代多数成功地成了医生、律师及其他专业人士,原因就在于此。 (许多最杰出的美籍华人学者、科学家和艺术家多是新移民,他们来自中国昔日的上层社会,代表了中国的高等文化传统。 ) 【试题解析】 1、本段简析华裔美国人的特点,语言简洁。 2、首段末句的 juvenile delinquency指 “少年犯罪 ”,是固定搭配。 delinquency意为 minorcrime。 3、翻译末段首句时可以将本句的表语 other noteworthy characteri

20、stics(中国人其他的显 著特征 )处理为汉语句子的主语,以进一步突出主题。此外,将名词 regard与willingness转译为动词 “重视 ”和 “愿意 ”,以符合汉语行文习惯。 4、末段末句的 who come from Chinas former upper class and who represent its high cultural traditions用于补充交代 recent arrivals之背景,故而采用后置译法。arrivals指 “到达的人 ”,这里依据文中 语境译为 “新移民 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 2 【正确答案】 尽管在公共场合,按西方标准看来,中国人

21、有时似乎不够礼貌,但中国式的礼貌,却有它自己严格的规则。要真正了解中国人,必须重视下面这个概念: 面子:即羞耻心,中文通常称之为 “面子 ”。其大致的意思是 “地位 ”或者 “自尊 ”,外国人对此也决不陌生。对中国人而言,最糟糕的事莫过于失了面子。所以,千万不要侮辱他们,使他们困窘,让他们蒙羞;也不要对他们大吼大叫,更不要去贬低他们,因为这样做都可能让中国人感到丢了面子。不要千方百计地去证明某人 的错误,也不要在公共场合对他大声喊叫。为了在不损及中国人面子的情况下有效地传达意见,任何批评都应该私下进行,方式要巧妙谨慎。否则,你将事与愿违。 【试题解析】 1、本段语言正式,翻译时要注意传达原文具

22、有的提示和劝诫功能。 2、根据汉语句子信息安排焦点后置的特征,首段第 1句主句信息翻译时压尾; to be impolite according to Western norms in public places逆序译为 “在公共场合中,按西方标准看来, (中国人有时似乎 )不够礼貌 ”。 3、首段第 2句的 should not be ignored表达比较婉转,译为汉语肯定式 “必须重视 ”,语气直截了当。 well是副词,意为 “充分地,彻底地 ”,这里译为 “真正 ”。 4、末段首句的 be loosely defined as可译为 “其大致意思是 ”。 loosely表示 “笼统地

23、,一般地 ”,如: loosely speaking“笼统地说 ”。 5、翻译末段第 3句的 Never insult, embarrass,shame, yell at or otherwise demean a person时可用 “不要 ,也不要 ,更不要 ” 等短句, 以加强语势,增加劝诫效果。 【知识模块】 英译汉 3 【正确答案】 源于这种融合产生的一个观念是包容 我们美国人认为它是我们特征的核心。美国人承认多样化是力量之所在。我们一天一天地认识到其他文化、其他民族可能为我们的生活方式做出巨大的贡献。爵士乐就是这种观念的化身,它结合非洲文化元素和欧洲文化元素,形成了一种独特的美国音

24、乐。 爵士乐反映了美国生活中相互对立的两个方面。一方面,爵士乐是集体行为,每一名乐手都完全沉浸到整个乐队的演奏中,细心聆听其他每一位乐手的演奏,并以他们的演奏为基 础创造出整体音乐;另一方面,乐队又以极具个性的独奏手为主角。在同样的意义上,美国人的生活是团队协作与个人主义的结合,是个人才气与合作能力的结合。 【试题解析】 1、本段以简洁的语言扼要论述美国爵士乐特性,语体正式,准确理解原文并用正式的汉语表达非常重要。 2、首段首句的 out of this fusion came an idea是倒装句, that从句修饰 an idea,翻译时可按原文语序翻译,适当照顾汉语习惯,使译文流畅、通

25、顺。 3、首段第 2句的 in diversity is our strength也是倒装句,正常语序是 our strength is in diversity。 be in相当于 lie in,表示 “就在于 ” 。本句倒装是为了强调 “多样化 ”。 4、首段末句的 into a distinctly American music译作 “形成了独特的美国音乐 ”,转介词 into为动词 “形成 ”,符合汉语多用动词的表达习惯。 5、末段第 3句的 feature可理解为 to give a prominent part to,译为 “以 为主角 ”; in theextreme意为 ext

26、remely;名词 individual转译为形容词 (具有个性的 )。 【知识模块】 英译汉 4 【正确答案】 然而,很少人要求从书籍中得到它们所能给我们的东西,通常我们总是三心二意地带着模糊的观念去看书:要求小说情节真实要求诗歌内容虚构,要求传记阿谀奉承,要求历史能印证一己之见。如果我们在读书时能抛弃所有这些成见,那会是一个极可贵的开端。不要对作者发号施令,而应努力站在作者的立场上。设想自己是他的同事,与他共同创作。假如你退缩不前,一开始就有所保留并且 持批评态度,你就在妨碍自己从所读的书中最完整地获得可能的益处。但是如果你能尽量敞开心扉,那么书中开头几句迂回曲折的话里所隐含的几乎难以觉察

27、的细微的迹象和暗示,就会把你带到一个与众不同的人物身边。 【试题解析】 1、本段论题涉及文学作品阅读,考生在翻译时应注意保持译文与原文在感情色彩上的一致。 2、第 2句 blurred and divided minds中的 minds同时修饰 blurred和 divided,意思分别是 “看法 ”、 “注意力 ”。因此应进行拆译,译为 “模糊的观念 ”、 “三心二意地 ”。 3、第 2句 的 asking of引导四个并列介词短语,后三个并列介词短语 of之前省略了 asking,翻译时宜保留原文的排比结构。 4、第 3句的 admirable的本义是 “令人钦佩的 ”,此处直译似乎欠妥。

28、联系上下文可知,此处应当表达肯定的态度,由此将其译为 “难能可贵的 ”或是 “了不起的 ”比较恰当。 5、将第 4句的 dictate to译作 “发号施令 ”十分形象,如果译为 “指手画脚 ”也是可取的。 6、第 5句的 accomplice本义是 “同谋,共犯 ”,是个贬义词,此处显然不是这个意思。可以将其与 fellow worker合译,同时 译文将 fellow worker and accomplice译作动词短语 “与 共同创作 ”,从而与前文的动词 dictate和 become相对应。 【知识模块】 英译汉 5 【正确答案】 詹姆斯 ?菲尼摩尔 ?库珀在其经典小说开拓者中,叙

29、述主人公 一个土地开发商,带着自己的表妹参观正在由他承建的城市。他描述了宽阔的街道、林立的房屋和热闹的都市。可是他的表妹疑惑不解,四处张望,因为她所见到的只有一片森林。 “你打算让我看的那些美景和改造了的地方在哪里呢 ?”她问道。开发商对她竟然看不见这些东西感 到很惊讶, “哪里 ?到处都是呀, ”他回答说。因为纵然还未把这些东西建在地上,他却早已在心里把它们建好了。对他来说,它们就好比是已经竣工了的建筑那样具体、那样真实。 库珀是在阐明美国人一种显著的性格,即着眼于未来:能够从未来的角度看待现在;自由自在,不为过去所羁绊,而对未来寄托了更多的感情。正如阿尔伯特 ?爱因斯坦曾经说过的: “对美

30、国人来说,生活总是不断变化,而并非一成不变的。 ” 【试题解析】 1、选段通过库珀所著的开拓者中的故事片断,阐明美国人面向未来的性格特征。语言朴实,阐述有力,考生翻译时 首先应注重理解,在此基础上锤炼用词。 2、第 1段第 2句的 teeming metropolis可译为 “拥挤的闹市 ”或 “人山人海的都市 ”,其中, teeming意为 “充满 (人和动物 )的,拥挤的 ”。也可根据 broad streets,rows of houses猜出词义。 3、第 1段第 3句的 looks around bewildered也可译为两个四字格,即 “疑惑不解,四处张望 ”。 4、第 1段第 4句可看做是主人公表妹感到疑惑的原因,可与前一句合译,增加“因为 ”一词使得译文衔接更加自然。 5、第 1段第 5句的抽象名词 the beauties and improvements的翻译应补充解释性词语,译作 “美景和改造的地方 ”。 6、第 2段第 1句的 future-mindedness即 “关注未来的思想 ”,也可以译作 “超前思维 ”或 “远见 ”。 vantage point相当于 point of view,意为 “观点,立场 ”。 feel attached to 意为 “喜欢、依恋 ” ,此处译作 “寄托感情 ”或 “倾注感情 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉

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