1、专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试卷 43及答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 When flying over Nepal, its easy to soar in your imagination and pretend youre tinya butterfly and drifting above one of those three-dimensional topographical maps architects use, the circli
2、ng contour lines replaced by the terraced rice paddies that surround each high ridge. Nepal is a small country, and from the windows of our plane floating eastward at 12, 000 feet, one can see clearly the brilliant white mirage of the high Himalayas thirty miles off the left window. Out the right wi
3、ndow, the view is of three or four high terraced ridges giving sudden way to the plains of India beyond. There were few roads visible below, most transportation in Nepal being by foot along ancient trails that connect and bind the country together. There is also a network of dirt airstrips, which wa
4、s fortunate for me, as I had no time for the two-and-a-half week trek to my destination. I was on a flight to the local airport. 2 The word “winner“ and “loser“ have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who respo
5、nds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society. Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performanc
6、e, maintaining pretence, and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask. Winners are not afraid to do th
7、eir own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and dont pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demol
8、ished, bound, or awed by them. Winners do not play “ helpless“ , nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives. 3 In his classic novel, The Pioneers, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, with his cousin on a tour of the city he is buildin
9、g. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a bustling metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. “Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?“ she asks. Hes astonished she cant see them. “Where! Why everywhere,“ he replies. For though
10、 they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished. Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom
11、to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, “Life for the American is always becoming, never being. “ 4 But, as has been true in many other cases, when they were at last married, the most ideal of situations was found to have been c
12、hanged to the most practical. Instead of having shared their original duties, and as school-boys would say, going halves, they discovered that the cares of life had been doubled. This led to some distressing moments for both our friends; they understood suddenly that instead of dwelling in heaven th
13、ey were still upon earth, and had made themselves slaves to new laws and limitations. Instead of being freer and happier than ever before, they had assumed new responsibilities; they had established a new household, and must fulfill in some way or another the obligations of it. They looked back with
14、 affection to their engagement; they had been longing to have each other to themselves, apart from the world, but it seemed they never felt so keenly that they were still units in modern society. 5 In some cases, intelligent people implementing intelligent policies are responsible for producing a “b
15、oomerang effect“ ; they actually create more of whatever it is they seek to reduce in the first place. The boomerang effect has been achieved many times in recent years by men and women of goodwill. State legislatures around the nation have recently raised the drinking age back to 21 in an effort to
16、 reduce the prevalence of violent deaths among our young people. But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence. Some college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers (夜总会、酒吧等保安人员 ) ( not to mention owne
17、rs eager to keep their liquor licenses) now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their behaviouror their drinking. The boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs. During recent years, the
18、 federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugs. As fields are burned and contraband (违禁品 ) confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap alternatives have begun to compete in the marketplace. Unfortunately, the cheap alternatives
19、are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace. boomerang: a curved flat piece of wood that can be thrown so as to return to the thrower 回飞镖 专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试 卷 43答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 【正确答案】 当飞机飞越尼泊尔上空时，你很容易插上想象的翅膀天马行空起来，你
20、会假想自己很渺小 像一只翩翩起舞的蝴蝶 而地面上的一切仿佛变成了建筑师手中的三维地图，只是这地图的层层轮廓变成了环绕一座座山脊的梯田。 尼泊尔是个小国家。我们的飞机在 1 2万英尺的高空向东飞去。透过左窗，你能够清 晰地看到 30英里开外雄伟的喜马拉雅山脉，仿佛海市蜃楼般闪烁着白色的光芒。 从右侧机窗望去，是三、四条成阶梯状的高耸山脊，再往远处突然变成了印度平原。 在尼泊尔，步行是最主要的交通方式，古老的小路纵横交错地连接着整个国家，然而此刻，几乎看不见地面上的路。这里还有沙土铺设的机场跑道网络，这对我来说很幸运，因为我没有足够的时间长途跋涉两周半到达我的目的地。我正在飞往当地机场的航班上。
21、【试题解析】 1第一段句子较长，翻译时可以采用顺译的方法。该句中的暗喻可以通过增加 “像 ”“仿佛 ”等词变为明 喻，从而使上下文衔接更为顺畅。 three-dimensional topographical maps译为 “三维地图 ”； contour译为 “轮廓 ”；而 the terraced rice paddies指的是 “梯田 ”。 2第二段后半句中的 the brilliant white mirage of the high Himalayas是个暗喻，在翻译时转译为明喻更加顺畅。 mirage译为 “海市蜃楼 ”。 3第三段中的 terraced ridges译为 “阶梯状
22、的高耸山脊 ”。 4第四段第一句中的 connect and bind the country together译为 “纵横交错地连接着整个国家 ”，更符合汉语的表达习惯。 5倒数第二句中的 dirt airstrips指的是 “沙土铺设的机场跑道 ”，而 trek译为 “长途跋涉 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 2 【正确答案】 胜者不会把自己的生命致力于成为他们想象中自己应该成为的样子；相反，他们会保持自我本色。因此，他们不会耗费精力来装腔作势、矫揉造作地生活，甚至操纵利用他人。他们深知真爱和虚情的不同，懂得愚顽不化和大智若愚的区别，清楚学识渊博和貌似才高的差异。 胜者无需掩藏自我。 胜者无惧
23、于运用自己的知识进行独立思考。他们能够认清事实，分析舆论，明辨是非，但不会假装无所不知。他们倾听他人的见解，衡量判断他人的言论，最终得出自己的意见。虽然胜者也会钦佩、敬重他人，但不会受制于他人，被他人所击垮，为他人所束缚，或惧悚于他人。 胜者绝不会摆出一副无助的样子，他们也不会玩弄推卸责任的把戏。相反，他们会担负起自己人生的责任。 【试题解析】 1画线部分第一段第一句 Winners do not dedicate their lives toand ma nipulating others很长，是理解整篇文章的关键之处，也是原文中最难译的地方。 dedicate their lives to
24、表示 “把他们的生命致力于 ” 。 2 what they imagine they should be译为 “他们想象中自己应该成为的样子 ”，是concept的具体说明，翻译时可以不把 concept译出来。 3 putting on a performance即 “演戏给别人看 ”，此处译为 “装腔作势 ”。maintaining pretence译为 “矫揉造作地生活 ”或 “保持伪装 ”， manipulating others译为 “操纵利用他人 ”。 4画线部分第一段第二句 They are awarebeing loving and acting loving， acting
25、knowledgeable 在翻译时采用顺译法，使译文与原文在语气和结构上一致。 acting在文中应指 “演戏，假装 ”， knowledgeable译为 “学识渊博的 ”或“有见识的 ”。 5画线部分第二段第一句中 do their own thinking可译为 “独立思考 ”。 6画线部分第二段第二句 They can separate facts from opinionsanswers 中facts和 opinions是一组相对立的词，即事实和观点。 pretend to have all the answers译为 “假装知道所有问题的答案 “或 “假装无所不知 ”。 7画线部分
26、第二段第四句 Although winnersdefined ， demolished， bound， or awed by them中，几个动词 defined， demolished， bound， awed可分别译为 “受制 ”“击垮 ”“束缚 ”“惧悚 ”。 8画线部分第三段第一句中 play“helpless”和 play the blaming game是比较形象的语言，可分别译为 “摆出一副无助的样子 ”和 “玩弄推卸责任的把戏 ”。 9画线部分第三段最后一句中的 assume应取 “行使 (权力 )，担负 (责任 )”之义，不能理解成 “假设，假装 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉
27、3 【正确答案】 詹姆斯 ?费尼莫尔 ?库珀在其经典小说拓荒者一书中，描述了主人公 一个土地开发商 带着他的表妹游览一座他正在建造的城市的情景。他 绘声绘色地描绘了宽阔的街道，鳞次栉比的房屋，一个熙熙攘攘的大都市。但是，他的表妹大惑不解地环顾四周，看见的只是一片森林。她问： “你要给我看的美景与改造了的地方在哪里 ?”主人公很惊讶他的表妹竟然看不见这些东西，他回答道： “哪里 ?到处都是啊 !”因为尽管这些东西还没有在土地上建成，但他已经在脑海里建造好了，它们对他来说是具体存在的，就像已经建成竣工了一样。 库珀在这里阐释的是一种美国人独具的特征，即前瞻性：他们既能够从未来的有利角度审视现在，又
28、能摆脱过去的束缚，从而在情感上更加亲近未来。正如阿尔伯特 ?爱因 斯坦曾经说过的那样： “对美国人来说，生活总是在变化的，从来不会停滞不前。 ” 【试题解析】 1第一段第一句中需用到增译法，增加 “描述了 的情景 ”。 2第一段第二句中的 the broad streets， rows of houses， a bustling metropolis，翻译时要尽量使文字优美、流畅，可以分别译为 “宽阔的街道 ”“鳞次栉比的房屋 ”和 “熙熙攘攘的大都市 ”。 3第一段第三句中的 bewildered的意思是 “迷惑的，大惑不解地 ”。 4第一段倒数第二句中的 “Where! Why ev er
29、ywhere， ”的翻译要体现出表哥那种吃惊、感到不可思议的感觉，可用转译法进行灵活翻译，译为： “哪里 ?到处都是啊 !” 5第一段最后一句中的 concrete意为 “具体的，实在的 ”。 6第二段第一句较长，可采用顺译法。 futuremindedness指 “具有前瞻性的思维、想法 ”。 7 the vantage point of the future可译为 “未来的有利角度 ”。 8 unencumbered的意思是 “没有阻碍的，不受妨碍的 ”， unencumbered by the past译为 “摆脱过去的束 缚 ”。 9 emotionally attached to译为
30、 “在情感上更加亲近 ” 。 【知识模块】 英译汉 4 【正确答案】 但是，正如其他许多人一样，当他们终于结了婚，却发现自己最初憧憬的生活早已被严峻的现实所替代。他们非但没能像学生们常挂在嘴边的“对半开 ”那样去分担各自的责任，反倒发现生活中的烦心事加倍了。这就使得我们那两位结了婚的朋友时常感到沮丧和不开心；他们突然觉得自己哪里是居住在天堂，分明依旧生活在尘世，而且还成了新的清规戒律的奴隶。比起从前，他们不仅没有变得更自由、更幸福， 反倒需要肩负起新的责任；他们既然成立了一个新家，就必须在这方面或那方面承担起这个家的义务。回首订婚之时，他们心中充满爱意；他们曾经如此渴望拥有彼此，远离尘世间的一
31、切，然而，他们似乎从未如此深刻地体会到自己依然是这个现代社会的一份子。 【试题解析】 1第一句中， the most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most practical译成中文时，需把被动语态译为主动语态，以避免翻译腔。 2翻译第二句时，首先要 认清原文的结构以避免理解错误。 Instead of having shared their originalduties， and as school-boys would say， going halves, 的正常语序为 Instead of havin
32、g shared theiroriginal duties， and going halves as school-boys would say。其次，需要为这个副词短语增译主语 they。 3 going halves即 “对半开 ”的意思。 4 cares of life had been doubled译成中文时，也需把被动态译为主动态，以符合中文表达习惯。 5第三句中的 still upon earth与前面的 dwelling in heaven形成对比，意思是 “仍然要面对日常的生活 ”，不可直译为 “在地面上 ”，将 earth译为 “尘世 ”或 “现实 ”较好。 6第五句中的
33、engagement在这里是 “订婚 ”的意思，不是指 “从事 ”。 apart from the world相当于 away from the world，这里的 world是指 “二人以外的一切尘世的东西 ”； unit不宜译为 “单元 ”，可译为 “一份子 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 5 【正确答案】 然而，这些政策反而引发了更多的校园暴力。此前，一些大学生在酒吧或娱乐场所饮酒，都会受到其保安人员的严格监督 (更不用说这些酒吧或娱乐场所的经营者了，他们为了保住自己的营业执照更是倍加小心 )。而现在，这些学生躲到大学生联谊会会所或是宿舍里肆意饮酒，不再控制自己的行为或饮酒量。 联邦政府在打
34、击非法毒品方面所采取的措施同样适得其反。近年来，街头毒品贩卖得以有效控制。由于政府销毁了毒品种植地并没收了违禁品，毒品 的价格因此而暴涨，以致各种廉价的毒品替代品也开始参与该市场的竞争。不幸的是，这些廉价替代品所带来的危害程度甚至远远大于那些非法毒品。 【试题解析】 1第二段画线部分第一句比较简单，采用顺译法即可。其中created the conditions for译为 “引发 ” 更合适。 2第二段画线部分第二句较长，可以分译为两句。第一个语意层在 now之前，翻译括号中的插入语时应当根据汉语表达习惯调整句式并适当增词。 fraternity houses指的是 “大学生联谊会会所 ”。 3第三段画线部分第一句 中的 boomerang effect是心理学术语，根据上文解释可知是指 “人们良好的意愿或行为反而会激发相反的结果 ”。在此句中可以译为 “适得其反 ”。此句翻译时应当根据下文第二句内容增译出主语 “联邦政府 ”，从而更符合汉语的表达习惯。 4翻译第三段画线部分第三句时，可根据上文增译出主语 “政府 ”。 skyrocketed译为 “暴涨 ”。 5翻译画线部分最后一句中的 the illicit drugs they replace时，可采用省译法，they replace可直接略去不译。 【知识模块】 英译汉
