[外语类试卷]专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷66及答案与解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷 66及答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 Liberty cannot be preserved without a general knowledge among the people, who have a right, from the frame of their nature, to knowledge, as their great Creator, who does nothing in vain, ha

2、s given them understandings, and a desire to know; but besides this, they have a right, an indisputable, unalienable, indefeasible, divine right to that most dreaded and envied kind of knowledge; I mean, of the characters and conduct of their rulers. Rulers are no more than attorneys, agents, and tr

3、ustees, for the people; and if the cause, the interest and trust, is insidiously betrayed, or wantonly trifled away, the people have a right to revoke the authority that they themselves have deputed, and to constitute abler and better agents, attorneys, and trustees and the preservation of the means

4、 of knowledge among the lowest ranks is of more importance to the public than all the property of all the rich men in the country. It is even of more consequence to the rich themselves, and to their posterity. The only question is whether it is a public emolument: and if it is, the rich ought undoub

5、tedly to contribute, in the same proportion as to all other public burdensthat is, in proportion to their wealth, which is secured by public expenses. But none of the means of information are more sacred, or have been cherished with more tenderness and care by the settlers of America, than the press

6、. Care has been taken that the art of printing should be encouraged, and that it should be easy and cheap and safe for any person to communicate his thoughts to the public. 2 Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort. The

7、joy, the moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten in the mad chase of evanescent profits. These dark days, my friends, will be worth all they cost us if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered unto but to minister to ourselves, to our fellow men. Recognition of that

8、falsity of material wealth as the standard of success goes hand in hand with the abandonment of the false belief that public office and high political position are to be valued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profit; and there must be an end to a conduct in banking and in busine

9、ss which too often has given to a sacred trust the likeness of callous and selfish wrong doing. Small wonder that confidence languishes, for it thrives only on honesty, on honor, on the sacredness of obligations, on faithful protection, on unselfish performance; without them it cannot live. 3 Scienc

10、e presently placed novel and dangerous facilities in the hands of the most powerful countries. Humanity was informed that it could make machines that would fly through the air and vessels which could swim beneath the surface of the seas. The conquest of the air and the perfection of the art of flyin

11、g fulfilled the dream which for thousands of years had glittered in human imagination. Certainly it was a marvelous and romantic event. Whether the bestowal of this gift upon an immature civilization composed of competing nations whose nationalism grew with every advance of democracy and who were as

12、 yet devoid of international organization was a blessing or a curse has yet to be proved. On the whole I remain an optimist. For good or ill, air mastery is today the supreme expression of military power, and fleets and armies, however necessary, must accept a subordinate rank. This is a memorable m

13、ilestone in the march of man. 4 I was afraid. The truth is, I was afraid the day I walked into Stanford. And I was afraid the day I walked out. I was scared of leaving the protective bubble of this place for places unknown, during uncertain economic times. And I was scared of squandering the incredi

14、ble gift of my Stanford experience on pursuits that werent commensurate with expectations I, and others, had of me. I was scared of not doing it all, of making irrevocable mistakes. If youre scared today, let me ask you this: What will you do with your fear? Will you let it become a motivator, or an

15、 inhibitor? You are the only one who can answer that. But what I can offer as guidance, and reassurance, is a story: the story of one Stanford grads process of stumbling and searching to find a place in the world, oftentimes in the face of her fears. 5 Among the minds powers is one that comes of its

16、elf to many children and artists. It need not be lost, to the end of his day, by anyone who has ever had it. This is the power of taking delight in a thing, rather than in anything, everything, not as a means to some other end, but just because it is what it is, as the lover dotes on whatever may be

17、 traits of the beloved object. A child in the full health of his mind will put his hand flat on the summer turf, feel it and give a little shiver of private glee at the elastic firmness of the globe. He is not thinking how it will do for some game or to feed sheep upon. That would be the way of the

18、wooer whose mind runs on his mistresss money. The childs is sheer affection, the true ecstatic sense of the things inherent characteristics. No matter what the things may be, no matter what they are good or bad for, there they are, each with a thrilling unique look and feel of its own, like a face;

19、the iron astringently cool under its paint, the painted wood familiarly warmer, the cold crumbling enchantingly down in the hands, with its little dry smell of the sun and of hot nettles; each common thing a personality marked by delicious differences. 专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷 66答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHI

20、NESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 【正确答案】 如果人民没有常识,自由就难以得到维护。人民天生就有获得知识的权利,因为无所不能的伟大造物者已经赋予他们理解能力和求知的欲望。但是,除了这种权利之外,他们还有一个权利,一个不可争议、不可让与、不容废除的神圣权利去获取最令人畏惧和羡慕的那种知识。 这里我指的是,人 们了解他们统治者的品质和行为的权利。对于人民来说,统治者只不过和律师、代理人和托管人一样。如果他们的事业、利益、和信任在无形中遭到背叛或恣意虚耗,那么人民就有权利废除他们自己授予给这些人的权威,并任命

21、更能干、更好的代理人、律师和托管人。对公众来说,保留最底层人民获取知识的渠道比保留全国所有富人的财产更重要。而这对于富人本身以及他们的后裔来说甚至也是更为重要的。 【试题解析】 1第一句为一个较长的复合句,翻译时需进行拆分。为了避免翻译生硬,应将 Liberty cannotbe preserved的被动 语态转为主动表达;为避免句子过长,需将定语从句转为汉语短句表达,并补出主语,如 who have a right中的主语为 “人民 ”; the frame of their nature可意译为 “天生 ”; who does nothing in vain可译为 “无所不能的 ”。另外翻

22、译并列结构 an indisputable, unalienable,indefeasible, divine right时,要注意保持结构上的对称性: indisputable“不可争议 ”, unalienable“不可让与 ”, indefeasible“不可废除 ”; characters and conduct意为 “品质与行为 ”。 2第二句同样为较长的复合句。翻译 if从句时,为了符合汉语表达习惯,应将被动语态转译为主动语态,可用动词 “遭到 ”表被动意义。 cause一般为 “原因,理由 ”之意,但在此是 “事业 ”之意; insidiously意为 “无形中,不知不觉地 ”;

23、 wantonly意为 “恣意地 ”; revoke意为 “废除 ”; constitute一般为 “组成,建立 ”之意,在此取“任命 ”之意; the preservationof可转化为动词结构译出: “保留 ” 。 3第三句中的 consequence一般作 “结果 ”讲,这里意为 “重要地位 ”; posterity意为 “后裔 ”。译文中补出连词 “而 ”,使之与上句更好地承接。 【知识模块】 英译汉 2 【正确答案】 幸福并不在于单纯地占有金钱;幸福在于取得成就后的喜悦,在于拼搏努力后的兴奋。在疯狂追求那些转瞬即逝的利益时,决不能再忘记劳动带来的喜悦和精神激励。朋友们,如果这些暗淡

24、的日子能使我们认识到不应该听天由命,而应该让命运为我们自己和我们的同胞服务,那么我们付出的代价是完全值得的。 一旦认识到把 物质财富当作成功的标准是错误的,我们就会抛弃以地位尊严和个人收益为唯一标准来衡量公职和高级政治地位的错误信念;而且,我们必须制止银行界和企业界的一种行为,因为它往往使神圣的委托变质为无情、自私的不法行为。难怪信心在减弱,因为只有靠诚实、靠荣誉感、靠神圣的责任感,靠忠实地维护和无私地履行职责才能增强信心。没有这些,就不可能有信心。 【试题解析】 1第一段第一句中的 thrill意为 “激情,兴奋 ”; creative effort意译为 “拼搏努力 ”。 2在翻译第一段第

25、二句时,按照汉语表达习惯,将被动语态转 化为省去主语的主动语态,且状语 in the mad chase of evanescent profits需前置,符合汉语状语前置的习惯; mad chase意为 “疯狂追求 ”; evanescent profits意为 “转瞬即逝的利益 ”。 3第一段第三句中,汉语习惯将表示条件的成分前置,故将 if从句提前翻译;同样, our truedestiny is not to be ministered into 的被动语态需转译为主动语态。 4第二段第一句为分号连接的并列句,需进行拆译。英文多使用抽象名词,翻译时多转 为动词或形容词,如 Recogn

26、ition可译为 “认识到 ”, falsity可译为 “错误的 ”, abandonment可译为 “抛弃 ”; goes hand in hand with处理成 “一旦 就 ” ; end可转译为 “制止 ”。另外,为避免句子过长,需让定语从句单独成句。如定语从句 which too often has given to asacred trust the likeness of callous and selfish wrong doing便可补充译出主语 “它 ”,单独成句,其中 sacred trust可译为 “神圣的委托 ”; callous可译为 “无情的 ”。 【知识模块】

27、英译汉 3 【正确答案】 目前,科学给最强大的国家带来最新潮、最危险的装备。历史告知人类,科学能够制造横穿高空的飞机,也能够制造畅游海底的轮船。人类对高空的征服和飞行技术的日臻完善使人类几千年的夙愿得以实现,这是多么奇妙、多么富有传奇色彩的历史时刻呀 !当然,当前人类文明尚未完全成熟,各民族间的竞争异常激烈,民族主义也随着民主化进程而滋生,而国际组织尚未建立,因此科技进步这个馈赠给人类的礼物是福是祸尚待证明。但是,总体来说,我对当前形势仍保持乐观态度。不管怎样,制空权在当今是一个国家军事实力的最高表现,而陆 海二军无论如何必要,都必须屈居次要地位。这是人类进程史上值得纪念的里程碑。 【试题解析

28、】 1第一句中的 novel作形容词时,意为 “新颖的,新奇的 ”,在此可译为 “新潮的 ”。 2第二句的被动语态翻译为汉语主动态时,可补充出泛指主语 “历史 ”,更符合汉语表达习惯;同样,为了保持演说语言的气势,译文可采用并列句式表达。 3第三句中的 The conquest of air可译为 “对高空的征服 ”; the perfection of the art of flying可译为 “飞行技术的日臻完善 ”。 4将第四句 处理为感叹句,更能体现演讲的激情。 5第五句主语的修饰成分较多,翻译时需理清语法关系,进行拆译。当定语太多、太长时,不能纯粹罗列,这样容易造成翻译腔,可用汉语小

29、句处理:competing nations可译为 “各民族间的竞争异常激烈 ”; nationalism意为 “民族主义 ”; devoid of意为 “缺乏 ”,在此可处理为 “尚未建立 ”; yet to be proved意为 “尚待证明 ”。 6第六句的 an optimist意为 “乐观主义者 ”,但用在此处演讲中略显翻译腔,因此处理为 “保持乐观态度 ”。 【知识 模块】 英译汉 4 【正确答案】 我也曾心怀恐惧。老实说,在我走进斯坦福大学的那天,我害怕;在我走出的那天,我同样害怕。我害怕离开这保护我的安全地方;害怕去面对经济动荡、前途未卜的未来;我害怕虚掷从斯坦福里学得的、足以夸

30、耀众人的知识和经验;害怕把它们浪费在与自己和别人的期望都不相称的工作上;我害怕无所事事;害怕犯下不可挽回的过失。 如果今天的你同样害怕,让我来问你: “你要如何面对你的恐惧 ?是化恐惧为动力,还是因此而裹足不前 ?”这个问题只有你自己能够回答。但我的故事也许对你有所裨益。这是一 个脸上时时写满恐惧的斯坦福大学的新生在世界上跌跌撞撞,努力谋求一席之地的故事。 【试题解析】 1第一段第一句中注意 was这个过去时态,表明是过去的事,所以译成 “我也曾心怀恐惧 ”。 2由于是演讲辞,所以第一段第二句中 The truth is不宜翻译成 “事实是 ”,翻译成 “老实说 ”更好,更能体现演讲词的特点。

31、 3第一段第三句和第二句后半句结构相同,可以译成排比结构,加强语气。 4第一段第四句到段尾,基本都是以 I was scared of 为首的并列结构,译文也用并列结构的形式翻译出来,不过可以省掉 类似的成分,变简洁些,译为 “我害怕 ,害怕 ” 。 5第一段第四句中, the protective bubble of this place翻译成 “这个地方的保护泡泡 ”就拗口了,译成 “这个保护我的安全地方 ”。 6第一段第五句很长,拆译成两句 “我害怕虚掷从斯坦福里学得的、足以夸耀众人的知识和经验;害怕把它们浪费在与自己和别人的期望都不相称的工作上 ”。翻译这句时,一定要弄清其中的逻辑关系

32、,弄明白 that从句所指代的内容,以及省略了 that的从句 I, and others, had of me所修饰的成分。 7第二段中的 Will you let it become a motivator, or an inhibitor?与前面句子主语一致,可以省掉主语,译成 “是化恐惧为动力,还是因此而裹足不前 ?” 8第二段最后一句中的 the story of one Stanford grads process of stumbling and searching to find aplace in the world, oftentimes in the face of he

33、r fears,注意翻译时调整语序,译为 “这是一 个脸上时时写满恐惧的斯坦福大学的新生在世界上跌跌撞撞,努力地谋求一席之地的故事 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 5 【正确答案】 在诸多精神力量中,有一种是很多孩子和艺术家生来就有的。此种能力,一旦拥有,至死也不会失去。这就是以某物为乐的能力 痴心于喜欢的事物的某种性质而不能自拔,仅仅是因为喜欢它本身,除此之外别无他求,亦非为了取得某种目标。心智健全的孩子会把手摊在夏日的草坪上,抚过坚硬又有弹性的地面,因为喜不自胜而兀自颤抖。他那时所想的不是这片草皮是适于做游戏还是拿来放羊,否则就是醉翁之意不在酒。孩 子的那种开心来源于由衷的喜爱,是来源于真正醉

34、心于事物固有的特征。 【试题解析】 1画线第二句翻译时首先要注意指代手法的改变。汉语的指代手段较少,可采用省略、替代、重复三种策略处理英文代词,故 It在这里可译为 “此种能力 ”, anyone可以省略;其次,由于英语多被动,汉语多主动,故 It need not be lost宜转换为主动语态。 2画线第三句句子较长,层次繁杂,是翻译的难点。故翻译时应当先把句子按意思层次重组,再按照汉语的习惯表达出来。大体上来讲,本句分三层意思:第一层是 This is the power oftaking delight in a thing,意为 “这就是以某物为乐的能力 ”,由于有承上启下的作用,故

35、应当置于句首,位置不变;第二层是 rather than in anything, everything, not as a means to some otherend, but just because it is what it is,意为 “仅仅是因为喜欢它本身,除此之外别无他求,亦非为了取得某种目标 ”。本句应当按照汉语因果句的表达习惯,把原因前置,结果后置;第三层是as the lover dotes on whatever may be traits of the beloved object,这是 as引导的状语从句,按照汉语习惯应当前置,故本分句应当置于第二层意思之前。 3画线第四句中,由于英文重形合,汉语重意合,故依照汉语习惯,冠词 A可省译,代词 his亦可略译; elastic firmness of the globe是典型的英文抽象名词作中心词的现象,应当转移重心,具体名词 globe作中心词, firmness形容词化作其修饰语,译为 “坚硬又富有弹性的地面 ”。 4画线第六句中 the wooer whose mind runs on his mistresss money的字面意思为 “觊觎新娘财产的求婚者 ”,此处可归化为 “醉翁之意不在酒 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉

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