[外语类试卷]专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷7及答案与解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷 7及答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 How did a peddler of cheap shirts and fishing rods become the mightiest corporation in America? The short version of Wal-Marts rise to glory goes something like this: In 1979 it racked up a b

2、illion dollars in sales. By 1993 it did that much business in a week; by 2001 it could do it in a day. Its a stunning taleone that propelled Wal-Mart from rural Arkansas, where it was founded in 1962, to the top of the Fortune 500 this year. Sam Walton, Wal-Marts founder, pushed sales growth relentl

3、essly while squeezing costs with sophisticated information technology. He exhorted employees to sell better with the “ten-foot rule“ (greet customers if they are that close). He was, in other words, an early evangelist for the first commandment of todays economy: Service rules. Wal-Mart, in fact, is

4、 the first service company to rise to the top of the Fortune 500. When Fortune first published its list of the largest companies in America in 1955, Wal-Mart didnt even exist. That year General Motors was Americas biggest company, and in every year that followed, either GM or another mighty industri

5、al, Exxon, was No.l. 2 Woe! Woe to the politician who is perceived to be failing to do something about the soaring price of gasoline, which has jumped about 20 percent in the past six months. AAA estimates the average two-car household will consume more than 1,200 gallons of gasoline a year. That me

6、ans the 50-cents-a-gallon increase over the past year has families spending an extra $600 of after-tax money each year, squeezing middle- and low-income families the most. What to do? We must provide an environment certain to attract the huge capital investment necessary to enhance and improve produ

7、ction of every energy resource oil, gas, nuclear, hydro, coal, and renewables. The auto industry has shown how it can improve fuel efficiency, so we must work out a timely updating of such standards for cars, light trucks, and SUVs. No progress will be possible, however, without sacrifice. We will p

8、ay more dearly, if we procrastinate. Failure to develop an energy policy means we can look forward to a lifetime of enriching the obscene sheiks, of wasting treasure and blood to defend the Middle East while impoverishing ordinary Americans and hobbling our economy. 3 If global trade and economy kee

9、p the same increasing rate as they have done in the second half of this year, it will benefit Chinas exports greatly. Although the countrys export increases are expected to slow down next year, a good investment environment and low-cost, high-quality labor will continue to attract foreign investors.

10、 Thats a trend no short-term factors can buck. However, of the actual foreign direct investments in China, less than 10 percent is used in mergers and acquisitions. Most of the investment goes to the establishment of new ventures. That means China has much room to direct foreign investment into the

11、restructuring of the state-owned enterprises. Foreign entrepreneurs can be shareholders of or even control state-owned enterprises by capital or technology investments, whose participation can help activate and restructure state-owned enterprises. After China entered the World Trade Organization in

12、late 2001, it has perfected its legal system, to provide an orderly environment for transnational mergers and acquisitions. World investors are shifting their investing destinations from the Southeast Asian countries to the Northeast Asian countries, including China, Japan and South Korea. 4 Some co

13、mparisons are stark enough to generate a national inferiority complex. In 1980, India had about 687m people, 300m fewer than China. Living standards, as measured by purchasing power per head, were roughly the same. Then, as China embraced modernity with a sometimes ugly but burning passion, it left

14、India behind; in the next 21 years, India outperformed its neighbor in almost nothing but population growth. By 2001, India had 1,033m people against Chinas 1,272m. But Chinas national income per head, according to the World Bank, was $890, nearly double Indias $450. Adjusted for purchasing power, t

15、he Chinese were still 70% wealthier than Indians were. Some 5% of Chinese now live below the national poverty line, compared with 29% of Indians. Many Indians now often ask why the West is so obsessed with Chinas economic success, but the obsession is Indias, too. Comparison with China has become a

16、distorting mirror in which Indians see their countrys shortcomings grotesquely magnified. The same goes for Indias sense of geopolitical inferiority. An accident of history made China one of the five permanent, veto-wielding members of the United Nations Security Council, but that seat now seems to

17、belong to it as of right. India, feeling it should have one too, is just one of a number of big countries with a claim, and laments its comparative geopolitical weakness. 5 Venezuela is planning to spend $5m on hosting Thursdays meeting of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries20 time

18、s more than the cost of the regular OPEC meetings in Vienna. The price tag tops the $3m Kuwait spent on its meeting in December. OPEC production quotas will almost certainly not be changed. But Mr. Chavez is expected to use the occasion to get across his political message of “high oil prices are goo

19、d, US President George W. Bush is bad“. But the resource nationalism promoted by Mr. Chavez in an era of $70 a barrel is making many other OPEC countries uneasy. He is expected to call for a cut in output, arguing that global supplies are plentiful. But the call is expected to receive short shrift f

20、rom the other OPEC members led by Saudi Arabia. An energy adviser to the US said: “The Venezuelans will try to use this (meeting) as a political forum. some of the other OPEC countries would rather stick to business.“ 专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷 7答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the follo

21、wing text into Chinese. 1 【正确答案】 简而言之,沃尔玛公司的发迹史是这样的: 1979年其全年销售额为 10亿美元,到 1993年,一周就能达到这个数额在 2001年只需一日之功。 这是一个惊人的故事 它使沃尔玛从 1962年在阿肯色农村初创一路走来于今年一举登上了 “财富 500强 ”榜首。公司创始人萨姆 ?沃尔顿曾努力采用先进的信息技术压缩成本,同时千方百计提高销售额。他激励员工用 “10英尺规则 ”(向在这距离之内的顾客致意 )优化销售 服务。换句话说,他是当今经济首要戒律 服务规则 最早的传道者。事实上,沃尔玛是第一个跃居 “财富 500强 ”榜首的服务业公

22、司。 1955年,当财富杂志第一次公布美国最大公司的排名时,沃尔玛尚未问世。那一年。通用汽车公司是美国最大的公司,此后每一年不是通用就是另一大工业巨头 埃克森石油公司独占鳌头。 【试题解析】 1、本段以生动简洁的语言描述了沃尔玛公司的发展简史及其成功的秘诀,要译好本段。需要具备基本的西方文化背景知识。 2、第 1段以时间点 (in 1979, by 1993, by 2001)为主线, 译文依序译,不断句,较好地表达了原文的信息;将第 1段第 1句的主语 the short version译为插入语 “简而言之 ”,便于句子重新整合。 3、时态切换是翻译始终要给予注意的问题,第 2段第 2句增

23、译 “曾 ”作为过去时态标记; relentlessly意为 constantly,这里引申译为 “千方百计 ”。 4、第 2段第 4句的 evangelist原意为 “圣经新约福音书作者,福音传道者 ”;commandment原意为 “圣经中上帝给摩西的十诫之一 ”。 5、第 2段末句的 General Motors通译为 “美国通用汽 车公司 ”: Exxon译为 “埃克森石油公司 ”。 industrial这里作名词,意为 “工业公司 ”, mighty industrial译为“工业巨头 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 2 【正确答案】 可悲 !政客们对汽油价格在过去 6个月中飙升 20似

24、乎束手无策真是可悲。据 AAA估算,有两部车的普通家庭一年要消耗 1200多加仑汽油。也就是说,去年一年中每加仑汽油价格上涨 50美分,这些家庭就得每年多支出 600美元的税后款项,其中中低收入家庭是最大受害者。 我们该怎么办 ?我们必须营造一个优良的环境,以 便吸引大量投资,来加强和改进每一种能源的生产,如石油、天然气、核能、氢、煤和可再生性能源。汽车业已经显示出提高燃料利用率的能力,所以我们必须及时地针对汽车、轻卡和越野车更新这方面的标准。当然,任何进步都伴随着代价;只是如果耽搁的话,我们要付出更大的代价。 【试题解析】 1、本段围绕汽油价格上涨的后果及其相应对策展开论述;透彻理解原文,准

25、确翻译专业语汇,注意在译文中体现新闻语体的特征是做好本篇翻译的关键。 2、第 1段第 2句的 to be failing to do something译为 “束手无策 ”,译文 汉化,有出奇制胜的效果; be perceived是英语新闻套语,一般译为 “据观察 ”,这里转译为“似乎 ”: which引导的定语从句在深层语义上表示价格飙升的程度,故译为状语。 3、第 1段第 3句的 AAA根据上下文推测应该为某一机构的名称,翻译时碰到这种情况,一般可保留原缩写形式。 4、第 2段第 2句的 to attract作状语修饰动词 provide; necessary to enhance 作定语

26、修饰 the huge capital investment,它们都可译为汉语中的独立小句,以符合汉语的行文习惯。 5、第 2段第 3句的 SUV是 Spots Utility Vehicle的缩写,现通译为 “(休闲 )越野车 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 3 【正确答案】 虽然中国的出口增长率预计明年会有所下降,但是其良好的投资环境、廉价优质的劳动力仍会继续吸引外国投资者。这是短期因素不能改变的趋势。但是,在中国实际利用的外商直接投资中,只有不到 10用于企业兼并和收购,大部分投资都用来建立新企业。这意味着,在引导外资 参与国企改组方面,中国还有很大的发挥空间。外国企业家可通过资本或技术投资

27、成为国企股东,甚至控制国企,他们的参与将有助于激活和改组国企。 自 2001年末加入世贸组织以来,中国完善了法律体系,为跨国兼并和收购创造了有序环境。全球的投资者们纷纷将投资目的地从东南亚国家转到了东北亚国家,包括中国、日本和韩国。 【试题解析】 1、本段围绕中国利用外资,尤其是引导外资参与国企改组的情况展开论述,语体比较端重,用相对正式的汉语表现出原文的语体是本篇翻译的首要任务。 2、英语主从复合句译为汉语复句时,需注意连 接词使用的完整性,如第 1段第 1句需增译 “但是 ”,意义才算完整。 3、第 1段第 3、 4句在逻辑上紧密相关,分别论述利用外资的两个方面,故可译为一句话。 actu

28、al foreign direct investments中的 actual和 foreign翻译时作了语义上的扩展,合译为 “实际利用的外商直接投资 ”。 4、第 2段第 2句的 shiftfromto 意为 “将 从 转移到 ” ,增译 “纷纷 ”,意义表达更充分。 investing destinations意为 “投资目的地 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 4 【正确答案】 在 1980年,印度有大约 6 87亿人口,比中国少 3亿,两个国家的生活水平,按人均购买力来算的话基本相同。随之,中国凭着一种燃烧的激情这种激情有时丑态尽现 进行现代化建设,将印度抛在了后面;而在接下来的 21年中,

29、印度除了在人口增长方面超过中国外,几乎就没有什么能超过中国。 到 2001年,印度人口达到 10 33亿,中国有 12 72亿,但是根据世界银行统计,中国的人均国民收入是 890美元,是印度 450美元的近两倍。按购买力计算,中国人的富裕度仍比印度人高出 70。目前大约只有 5的中国人生活在国家贫困线以下,而这一比例在印度高达 29。 许多印度人常常想不通为什么中国的经济成就如此困扰西方人,但印度人自己何尝不是这样,与中国的比较已经成为一面哈哈镜,透过它印度人看到自己国家的缺点被荒诞般放大了。 【试题解析】 1、本段对比中国和印度的人口及经济发展情况,准确翻译数字和常用经济术语是做好 本篇翻译

30、的首要任务。 2、第 2段第 1、 2句为转折关系,故可译为一句话; against是介词,意为 in contrast to;另外,在翻译 million时,若以 “亿 ”为单位,只需将小 数点前移两位,如 1,033m和 1,272m分别译为 10 33亿和 12 72亿。 3第 2段第 3句的 adjusted for purchasing power为过去分词短语作状语,意为 “按购买力计算 ”。 4第 3段首句的 but the obsession is Indias, too意为 but India is obsessed with Chinas economic success,

31、 too; be obsessed with意为 “受 困扰 ”,翻译时转换成了主动语态。 5、第 3段末句中的 grotesquely的 词义可由 a distorting mirror“哈哈镜 ”推断出,grotesquely一词意为 “荒唐地,荒诞地 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 5 【正确答案】 委内瑞拉计划斥资 500万美元主办本周四举行的石油输出国组织 (OPEC,简称 “欧佩克 ”)大会,该费用是欧佩克维也纳例会费用的 20倍,也超过了去年 12月份科威特会议的费用 300万美元。 几乎可以肯定欧佩克不会调整产量配额,但预期查韦斯将会借机宣传他的 “油价高企好,布什总统坏 ”的政治

32、观点。 但在油价每桶 70美元之际,查韦斯倡 导资源民族主义令其他许多欧佩克国家感到不安。预计他将呼吁减产,理由是全球石油供应充足,但这一呼声料将遭到以沙特阿拉伯为首的其他欧佩克成员的冷遇。 美国一位能源顾问表示: “委内瑞拉人将试图把此次 (会议 )变成一个政治论坛 而其他一些欧佩克国家则宁愿只谈商务。 ” 【试题解析】 1本段英语新闻报道着重 “事实 ”与 “消息 ”,了解英语消息写作的程式以及句式特点,具备一定的文化背景知识,对本篇翻译尤为重要。 2、第 1段末句在逻辑上是第 1句的延伸,故与第 1句合译。 top用作动词,在英语新闻中的特定涵义为 surpass, be higher

33、than,译为 “超过 ”。 3、第 2段两句由于意义上关系紧密,可整合译为一句话。 “high oil prices are good, US President George W Bush is bad”译为对仗结构 “油价高企好,布什总统坏 ”,较好地实现了原文的幽默效果。 4、为标新立异,英语新闻常新造语汇,如第 3段首句的 resource nationalism,翻译时需抓住中心词意,可译为 “资源民族主义 ”,即从国家的利益出发来考虑或制订相关的资源法律或政策。 5、第 3段第 2句的 be expected根据情况可译为 “预计、预期、预料 ”等;该段末句的 toreceive get short shrift是固定表达,可译为 “受冷遇 ”,也可译为 “态度冷淡 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉

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