1、专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷 118及答案与解析 SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 (1)Wa
2、s the summit a success? It depends on the standards you use to measure it. Certainly by the standards of previous G8 summits this one has achieved a great deal, despite the disruption caused by the bombings in London, writes BBC economics reporter Steve Schifferes in an analysis piece. It is unprece
3、dented to reach substantive deals such as the $50bn( 28.8bn)Africa aid boost and debt-cancella-tion deal at such meetings. (2)The G8 summit also agreed to renew efforts to forge a trade deal, pledged $3bn for the Palestinian authority, and said it would increase access to Aids treatment, Schifferes
4、notes. (3)The summit broke new ground by bringing poverty campaigners and leaders from developing countries face to face with the worlds eight most powerful leaders. In the words of Tony Blair: “It isnt the end of poverty in Africa, but it is the hope that it can be ended.“ Of course, the various de
5、als fall far short of what many campaigners wanted. But they have set an important precedent which could lead to further developments over the course of the year, when other key negotiating meetings are taking place. (4)Schifferes also points out that of course the G8 summit did not solve all the wo
6、rlds problems. But there are, he writes, three key meetings later this year where campaigners and others will be able to test the G8s real resolve. In September, the UN meets in a special session in New York to consider reform and progress towards reaching the millennium development goals. Will the
7、major powers pledge the same increase in aid($25bn)for non-African countries that is required to lift their poor out of poverty by 2015? (5)In December, the trade issues will be confronted head-on, as the world trade talks resume in Hong Kong in a last-ditch effort to reach a deal after four years o
8、f wrangling. Will rich nations be prepared to eliminate their agricultural subsidies in order to open their markets to the poor countries? And how much will they try to force the poor countries to open their markets first? (6)Also in December, the contracting parties to the UN framework convention o
9、n climate change will meet in Montreal to discuss what should happen when the Kyoto protocol runs out in 2012. Will they be able to agree a new regime to regulate global emissions that will include both developing countries and the US? (7)None of these issues is easy to resolve. But the political wi
10、ll shown at the G8 does at least give some of these negotiations a fighting chance, Schifferes concludes. (8)Also on the summit, an editorial in the Business Times Singapore notes that last weeks G8 summit, unlike most past meetings of this wealthy nations grouping, achieved some small measure of pr
11、ogress. In a departure from the past, British Prime Minister Tony Blair, the host, got the leaders to personally sign the final communique last week which covered some of the broadest issues such as aid to Africa, climate change and world trade. (9)It adds that while aid to Africa is important, the
12、G8 leaders would have done more if they had resolved to tackle the issue of subsidies to their own farmers which places poor countries at a disadvantage. The World Bank reckons that a bold tariff reduction could inject funds 10 times the aid flows into the African continent. But when it came to sett
13、ing time-tables for farm subsidy cuts in their own countries, the leaders commitment wore thin. They merely spoke about the need to stop government support for agricultural exports. The tariff issue will come up at the Hong Kong meeting of the World Trade Organization in December and the world will
14、see how far the same leaders will go on that issue, points the editorial. (10)On the issue of climate change, the failure was more glaring. The rest of the leaders drew a blank with President Bush, even though seven out of the eight nations have ratified the Kyoto protocol. Though Mr. Blair wanted G
15、8 countries to take the lead on reducing carbon dioxide emissions, the communique avoided setting targets or time tables as set out in the 1997 protocol. For what its worth, the US which has consistently challenged the science behind climate change was finally forced to admit that global warming is
16、caused by human activity. (11)The editorial concludes that it is increasingly clear mat summits have to go beyond mere statements of intent and rich countries must avoid backsliding on their commitments. Last Thursdays terrorist attacks in London, which cast a shadow on discussions at Gleneagles, un
17、derscore the need for bold action for the development of strong and stable economies in the rest of the world. 1 One new point in this G8 meeting is to _. （ A） settle all the worlds problems to end the poverty in poor countries （ B） communicate between the poverty campaigners and world leaders （ C）
18、eliminate agricultural subsidies to open more markets for poor countries （ D） regulate the emissions involving both developed and developing countries 2 The following issues were covered in G8 summit EXCEPT _. （ A） aid to Africa （ B） world trade （ C） climate change （ D） anti-terrorist action 3 From
19、the description in the passage, we learn that_. （ A） this G8 meeting enabled advanced countries to cut their agricultural subsidies （ B） this G8 summit is only a statement of zeal to meet all the powerful leaders （ C） this G8 summit is of great success to some extent in spite of little achievement （
20、 D） G8 countries all played a leading role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions 3 (1)Scotland Yards top fingerprint expert, Detective Chief Superintendent Gerald Lambourne had a request from the British Museums Prehistoric Department to force his magnifying glass on a mystery somewhat “outside my us
21、ual beat.“ (2)This was not a question of Whodunit, but Who Was It. The blunt instruments he pored over were the antlers of red deer, dated by radio-carbon examination as be-ing up to 5,000 years old. They were used as mining picks by Neolithic man to hack flints and chalk, and the fingerprints he wa
22、s looking for were of our remote ancestors who had last wielded them. (3)The antlers were unearthed in July during the British Museums five-year-long excavation at Grimes Graves, near Therford, Norfolk, a 93-acre site containing more than 600 vertical shafts in the chalk some 40 feet deep. From arti
23、facts found in many parts of Britain it is evident that flint was extensively used by Neolithic man as he slowly learned how to farm land in the period from 3,000 to 1,500 B.C. (4)Flint was especially used for ax-heads to clear forests for agriculture, and the quality of the flint on the Norfolk sit
24、e suggests that the miners there were kept busy with many orders. (5)What excited Mr. G. de G. Sieveking, the museums deputy director of the excavations, was the dried mud still sticking to some of them. “Our deduction is that the miners coated the base of the antlers with mud so that they could get
25、 a better grip,“ he says. “The exciting possibility was mat fingerprints left in this mud might at last identify as individuals as people who have left few relics, who could not read or write, but who may have had much more intelligence than had been supposed in the past.“ (6)Chief Superintendent La
26、mbourne, who four years ago had “assisted“ the British Museum by taking the fingerprints of a 4000-year-old Egyptian mummy, spent two hours last week examining about 50 antlers. On some he found minute marks indicating a human hand that part of the hand just below the fingers where most pressure wou
27、ld be brought to bear the wielding of a pick. (7)After 25 years specialization in the Yards fingerprints department, Chief Superintendent Lambourne knows all about ridge structures technically known as the “tri-radiate section“. (8)It was his identification of that part of the hand that helped to in
28、criminate some of the Great Train Robbers. In 1995 he discovered similar handprints on a bloodstained tee-maker on a golf-course where a woman had been brutally murdered. They eventually led to the killer, after 4,065 handprints had been taken. (9)Chief Superintendent Lamboure had agreed to visit th
29、e Norfolk site during further excavations next summer, when it is hoped that further hand-marked antlers will come to light. But he is cautious about the historic significance of his findings. (10)“Finger prints and hand prints are unique to each individual but they can tell nothing about the age, p
30、hysical characteristics, even sex of the person who left them,“ he says. “Even the finger prints of gorilla could be mistaken for those of a man. But if a number of imprinted antlers are recovered from given shafts on this site I could at least determine which antlers were handled by the same man, a
31、nd from there might be deduced the number of miners employed in a team.“ (11)“As indication of intelligence I might determine in which way the miners held the antlers and how they wielded them.“ (12)To Mr. Sieveking and his museum colleagues any such findings will add to their dossier of what might
32、appear to the layman as trivial and unrelated facts but from which might emerge one day an impressive new image of our remote ancestors. 4 We can learn from the first paragraph that _. （ A） Chief Superintendent Lambourne was willing to accept the request （ B） Chief Superintendent Lambourne was famil
33、iar with the task he was asked to do （ C） the task this time was quite different from what he did before （ D） he is one member of the British Museums Prehistoric Department 5 According to the passage, the antlers were used to _. （ A） plough the fields for cultivation （ B） cut the woods for agricultu
34、re （ C） obtain useful tools for work （ D） mine more coals 6 According to the passage, Chief Superintendent Lambourne _. （ A） was a great archaeologist to discover the worlds mystery （ B） had visited the Norfolk site in order to study the antlers （ C） could determine the intelligence of Neolithic man
35、 by the fingerprints （ D） once helped solve a murder case by discriminating the fingerprints 7 The attitude of Chief Superintendent Lambourne towards the findings is _. （ A） optimistic （ B） prudent （ C） suspicious （ D） emotional 7 (1)The Norwegian government just gave Lars Selhheim more than $5,000.
36、 Why did the 32-year-old dairy farmer need such a handout? To take his family camping, of course. (2)That may sound crazy, but here in Norway it makes sense. Since everyone deserves an annual vacation, the government reasons, it should pay for temporary workers to milk the cows so that farmers can g
37、et away. Welfare is not bashed here but celebrated by politicians of all stripes. When a center-tight coalition took power last year from a left-leaning government, it didnt rein in social spending. Rather, it raised pensions and advocated cash payments to parents caring for infants. (3)Norway serve
38、s up an amazing menu of entitlements. Health care is guaranteed to everyone, and its free after the first $172 in personal medical costs each year. Disabled people receiving specially equipped cars and wheelchairs to get around. University education is free. Maternity leave stretches for 42 weeks at
39、 full pay. Many arthritis sufferers get an all-expense-paid trip to a spa in the Canary Islands. Sick leave can last a year at full salary. Stay-at-home parents earn a public pension. Norwegians who live above Arctic Circle get tax breaks; poets and painters get subsidies. (4)What makes such generos
40、ity possible is North Sea petroleum. Norway is the Worlds No.2 exporter of crude oil and No. 3 exporter of natural gas. Last year, those industries netted the state $12.3 billion, or about $2,800 for every citizen. Still, the welfare system is costly anyone earning more than $36,000 a year pays the
41、top income tax rate of 49.5 percent. Sin taxes are high too, driving up the price of a beer at an ordinary bar to $6 and the price of a pack of cigarettes to $7. Norwegians complain about waiting lists for some medical procedures, and many of the wealthy opt for private health care. Yet opinion poll
42、s show most people to be content. “Theres a general consensus that you should take care of the poorest,“ says Tor Hersoug of the Confederation of Norwegian Business and Industry. “We have so much money. We can afford it.“ (5)The inclination to share the wealth is deeply rooted in hardscrabble farms
43、and fishing hamlets. This is a small country(4.4 million people)more accustomed to poverty than privilege. Flaunting ones money the “conspicuous consumption“ that the late Norwegian-American economist Thorstein Veblen condemned is more than vulgar; its, well, un-Norwegian. The closest thing to a nat
44、ional creed is something called Jantelaw, a village maxim that warns people not to act as though they are better than anyone else. Americans familiar with the denizens of Garrison Keillors fictional Lake Wobegon would recognize the mentality. Here, its a national policy: “The philosophy is to keep t
45、he traditional equality weve had,“ says Magnhild Meltveit Kleppa, minister for social affairs. (6)Still, there are worries in the welfare state. Some fret that Norwegians, whose idea of vacation is to rough it in unheated mountain cabins, are going soft. Single parenthood is on the rise, and conserv
46、auveness(capped by a funeral grant)erodes initiative. As a result, the Prime Minister, an ordained Lutheran Pastor who scandalized some constituents by puffing on a cigar in public, has launched a “values commission“ to foster traditional mores. (7)Then there is the fear of “oil addiction“. A fall i
47、n crude prices sent Norways economy tumbling in the mid-80s, and the current drop in oil prices is lowering government revenues. Interest rates are up and inflation may not be far behind. So the risk-averse Norwegians are socking away most of the petroleum profits in a national rainy-day fund. Just
48、eight years from now, Norway expects to earn more from its investments than from its oldfangled magnanimity, indefinitely. “Were lucky in Norway.“ says a smiling farmer Selheim. Lucky indeed but certainly no better than anyone else. 8 The Norwegian government gave the dairy farmer money for his vaca
49、tion, because he _. （ A） is an excellent worker with high skills （ B） has the right to enjoy an annual vacation （ C） can milk the cow to produce more milk （ D） brings people the fresh milk every day 9 The Norwegians enjoy the following welfare EXCEPT _. （ A） their free health care is offered after paying initial medical costs each year （ B） disabled persons received specially-used cars and wheelchairs to go around （ C） Maternity leave lasts a year at full salary （ D） the Norwegians living above the Arctic
