1、专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷 86及答案与解析 SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 (1)Hum
2、an migration: the term is vague. What people usually think of is the permanent movement of people from one home to another. More broadly, though, migration means all the ways from the seasonal drift of agricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees from one country to another. (
3、2)Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It is some 15 million Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of citizens between India and Pakistan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947. (3)Migrati
4、on is the dynamic undertow of population change: everyones solution, everyones conflict. As the century turns, migration, with its inevitable economic and political turmoil, has been called “one of the greatest challenges of the coming century.“ (4)But it is much more than that It is, as it has alwa
5、ys been, the great adventure of human life. Migration helped create humans, drove us to conquer the planet, shaped our societies, and promised to reshape them again (5)“You have a history book written in your genes,“ said Spencer Wells. The book hes trying to read goes back to long before even the f
6、irst word was written, and it is a story of migration. (6)Wells, a tall, blond geneticist at Stanford University, spent the summer of 1998 exploring remote parts of Transcaucasia and Central Asia with three colleagues in a Land Rover, looking for drops of blood. In the blood, donated by the people h
7、e met, he will search for the story that genetic markers can tell of the long paths human life has taken across the Earth. (7)Genetic studies are the latest technique in a long effort of modern humans to find out where they have come from. But however the paths are traced, the basic story is simple:
8、 people have been moving since they were people. If early humans hadnt moved and intermingled as much as they did, they probably would have continued to evolve into different species. From beginnings in Africa, most researchers agree, groups of hunter-gatherers spread out, driven to the ends of the
9、Earth. (8)To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen. First, human beings, with their tools and language, could adapt to different conditions without having to wait for evolution to make them suitable for a new niche. Second, as populations grew, cultures began to differ, and in
10、equalities developed between groups. The first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room on the planet; the other gave us reasons to use them. (9)Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across me planet, people moved toward places where metal was found and worked and to centres of commerce m
11、at men became cities. Those places were, in turn, invaded and overrun by people later generations called barbarians. (10)In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound tides in which people moved out to colonize or were captured and brought in as slaves. For a while me population
12、 of Athens, that city of legendary enlightenment, was as much as 35 percent slaves. (11)“What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect in the great world events,“ Mark Miller, co-author of The Age of Migration and a professor of political science at the University of Delaware,
13、told me recently. (12)It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration. Religions spawned pilgrims or setders; wars drove refugees before them and made new land available for the conquerors; political upheavals displaced thousands or millions; economic innovations drew wor
14、kers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environmental disasters like famine or disease pushed their bedraggled survivors anywhere they could replant hope. (13)“Its part of our nature, this movement,“ Miller said. “Its just a fact of the human condition.“ 1 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT
15、? （ A） Migration exerts a great impact on population change. （ B） Migration contributes to Mankinds progress. （ C） Migration brings about desirable and undesirable effects. （ D） Migration may not be accompanied by human conflicts. 2 What do we know about Spencer Wells from the passage? （ A） He thoug
16、ht genes can tell where people have come from. （ B） He wrote a book about the history of genes. （ C） He read me first history book at Stanford University. （ D） He agreed human migration was from Transcaucasia and central Asia. 3 Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants in the passa
17、ge? （ A） Farmers. （ B） Workers. （ C） Setders. （ D） Colonizers. 4 There seems to be a(n)_ relationship between great events and migration. （ A） loose （ B） indefinite （ C） causal （ D） remote 4 (1)Mucky roads, unpredictable weather, and wet ground that sags beneath your feet. It must be springtime in N
18、ew England. (2)Come March, receding snow transforms the landscape into a soft, sloppy mess. New Englanders call this metamorphosis “mud season“, the period of recovery between the long, brutal winter and the warm summer ahead But with no banner activity to accompany it think leaf-peeping in the fall
19、 or skiing in winter mud season brings a serious lull in tourism A group of inns and hotels say thats the perfect excuse to design a vacation package. The result? Getaways that focus on food, drink, and activities inspired by mud seasoa Add greater room availability and discount prices, and all that
20、 muck seems a little more bearable. (3)For guests who are hungry after a winter in hibernation, the Inn at Crystal Lake, a 12-room bed-and-breakfast in the tiny town of Eaton, offers “Swine in the Mud“, smoky, thick pork chops topped with honey-chipotle barbecue sauce. To round out the meal, co-owne
21、r and bartender Tim Ostendorf whips up a “Heres Mud in Your Eye“, vodka shaken with Kahlua liqueur and Hersheys syrup. (4)Crystal Lake isnt the only establishment with a mud-themed menu. The Inn by the Sea in Cape Elizabeth, Maine, serves warm raspberry scones drizzled with “Maine Mud“ chocolate sau
22、ce for breakfast. Devising such recipes can be taxing, says owner Maureen McQuade. “You think that putting together a promotion like this is a snap,“ she says. “You have to drink a lot of chocolate martinis.“ (5)But someone has to do it Visits to the region between ski season and summertime drop sha
23、rply, as statistics from the New Hampshire tourism office bear out In the White Mountains, where Eaton is located, tourists spent around $176 million in the winter of 2002. That spring they spent just $77 millioa In the Lakes Region, popular for boating and fishing, visitors spent almost $276 millio
24、n in summer 2001. That spring, spending was around $65 millioa “We dont have the crowds like we have in fall or summer,“ says Ostendorf. “Its a quieter time.“ (6)Some inns use the relative calm as a selling point. For vacationers in need of post-winter rejuvenation, the Wayside Inn in Bethlehem, N.H
25、., includes a mud wrap with a choice of three kinds of mud in its mud season package. “You tend to want a quiet weekend, not to do much, get away from the hustle,“ says Wayside co-owner Kathe Hofmann. (7)Lower prices are another incentive. For participating inns, costs for a two-night stay with some
26、 meals and activities included range from $295 to $899, down as much as $200 compared with peak season. (8)For those who like a little testosterone mixed in with their dirt, the Equinox Resort the banking sector is stronger and the financial markets have been able to respond the enormous trading vol
27、ume. “It is not the Feds job to manage the stock market,“ says Mr. Kretzmer. (7)But the Fed will keep a close watch on Wall Street. If the market were to shave another 1,500 points off the Dow by the end of September, “then the Fed would think about lowering interest rates,“ says Mr. Gramley. In his
28、 view, the Feds main concern will be the impact of a sliding market on consumer confidence; since 40 percent of the nation has investments in the stock market, any prolonged slide might make individuals feel less wealthy. (8)They would cut back on vacations and “splurge“ purchases. He expects the ce
29、ntral bank to watch the next consumer confidence surveys and housing statistics closely. 8 Mr. Kretzmer believes that the Fed neednt intervene NOT because of_. （ A） steady financial markets （ B） increasing strength of the backs sector （ C） inaccurate information the market shows （ D） its influence o
30、n other continents 9 The relationship between the fifth and sixth paragraphs is that _. （ A） both state the emergence of economic recession （ B） the latter is the logical result of the former （ C） both present the reasons of non-interference （ D） the former generalizes and the latter gives examples
31、10 What does this passage mainly talk about? （ A） Threat of Deflation in US. （ B） The Tendency of US Economy. （ C） Economic Situation in US. （ D） The Sign of Recession in US Economy. 10 (1)The recession came home to Price Waterhouses consultancy practice in the middle of 1990. Annual growth rate of
32、25%-30% started to dive, and the practice began reorganizing to survive the slump. (2)Management consultancies, ironically, have complex and disparate bodies to manage. PW is an international outfit run by partners through a network of offices. Like most professions, management consultants tend to b
33、e content to let others take the lead in office technology and put off any major investment to another day. In 1990, PWs UK consultancy practice could muster only one personal computer for every three or four staff. (3)The solution PW chose was remarkable on two fronts. It involved a form of technol
34、ogy that remains foreign, if not downright outlandish, to most big companies; and the decision to embrace that technology was taken not as a result of a detailed cost justification, but as a simple “leap of faith“. (4)Mark Austin, the UK partner leading the program of change, says: “On pure cost gro
35、unds we would never have gone ahead, but our American practice had found that there were enormous qualitative benefits. We are finding the same.“ (5)Three years on, that leap is still difficult to qualify in hard business terms, but nobody within PW doubts the value of the move. The solution chosen
36、by PW is groupware, which is likely to become the IT industrys most hyped product of the decade, or show its greatest contribution to business efficiency since the invention of the PC. (6)There are several groupware products but the market is increasingly being dominated by Lotus Notes, which is use
37、d by PW and runs on a variety of desktop computers. Of the 20,000 Notes users worldwide, PW is one of the biggest groupware followers there is, but firms such as General Motors and Unilever are also investing heavily in the technology. (7)The recession has left many big companies with leaner, overst
38、retched management teams, often working at different locations, and with a frayed corporate culture. Groupware aims to be the glue that binds these threads together. (8)The problem for groupware suppliers is that the software hopes to be all things to all men. The sets of discs that come out of the
39、software box do very little on their own; it is how you tailor them that matters. PWs groupware operations are among the most sophisticated ever set up, but in operation they look deceptively simple and cover growing panoply of applications. For example, staffs fill in on-screen forms logging the po
40、tential clients they are talking to, the value of the contract under discussion, and how they assess the likely outcome. (9)Other applications cover the management of current jobs. The databases behind the groupware network men correlate me information input in different ways. (10)Once me groupware
41、application is created, updating happens automatically, unseen by the user. It could even incorporate stories from electronic wire feeds, so a manager whose client is involved in a takeover bid can cull electronic “clippings“ about a subject simply by asking, once, for all stories on a subject to be
42、 “clipped“. (11)One effect is that the workings of the firm become more open and the common, corporate store of knowledge gained from previous jobs can be accessed easily. Subject to confidentiality considerations, people can see what others are doing and tap into that information. (12)Thus, if a PW
43、 consultant in Aberdeen has a client who needs advice on something to do with the oil industry and program writing in a specific computer language, he can easily discover whether any other PW project has touched upon that area at any other office, even in Europe or America. If somebody is leaving th
44、e firm, the system will note the fact and, the day before he or she leaves, ask for the return of all outstanding confidential documents and the individuals laptop computer. 11 The technology that PW chose _. （ A） had never been used by any other company （ B） was believed to reduce the costs （ C） co
45、uld help the company get out of trouble （ D） was rather new to most big companies 12 According to the passage, groupware is _. （ A） a set of hardware PW bought for self-protection （ B） a kind of glue PW used for repair （ C） a technology that contributes to efficiency （ D） a worker PW hired to examin
46、e the computer 13 The main purpose of the passage is to _. （ A） advertise for groupware （ B） publicize new business theory （ C） tell readers an interesting story （ D） present useful information SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS In this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passa
47、ges in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided. 14 According to Kingsley Davis, what made migration occur? 15 What is the role of the third and fourth paragraphs in the whole passage? 16 What did President Clinton try to do during his trip to Moscow? 17 What do
48、es the word “slump“ in the first paragraph mean? 专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷 86答案与解析 SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the
49、 one that you think is the best answer. 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第 3段首句就表明，移民会引起人口变化，是每个人的出路，每个人的斗争，因此不可避免地，移民伴随着人类冲突。故 D正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第 7段首句指出基因研究可以查出人类起源， A是其同 义替换。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 倒数第 2段提及几种主要的迁移人群。比如，工人和企业家(workers and entrepreneurs)，对应 B；朝圣者和定居者 (pilgrims or settlers)，对应 C。文中倒数第 4段谈到 people moved out to colonize，对应 D。故答案为 A。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 倒数第 3段 Mark Miller明确提到大事与移民有着因果关系 (cause and effect)，故答案为 C。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 迷人景色在文中未提及，因此选 B。文章主要阐述雨季招徕游客的手段，第
