1、专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷 99及答案与解析 SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 (1)It
2、is mid-September, the heat is just leaking out of the end of summer, and Japan is enjoying a rare public holiday. A holiday, that is, in the uniquely Japanese sense of the word, which means the GPS hardwired into every citizen is sending thousands upon thousands to the same fashionable boutiques nea
3、r my home in Tokyo to shop. It is more crowded than a commuter train at rush hour. Policemen shepherd the multitude along the streets with flashing orange batons. Yet there is something peaceful about the way the Japanese drift together in a crowd; they carry a tiny aura of personal space with them,
4、 no bigger than one of their Louis Vuitton handbags, and every bit as precious. They hardly touch, like those shoals of translucent fish that dart from one direction to another without colliding. The policemen use their batons like conductors, keeping everything harmonious. But if you try to defy th
5、em, those batons will block your way faster than they can say “Dame desu“ which is about as final as “Not on your life.“ (2)Such are the means by which order and harmony are maintained in Japan. There is a deep-rooted respect for others, so ingrained that ground staff at Narita airport bow to depart
6、ing planes as they taxi to the runway. And there is a subtle coercion, like an invisible hand on societys collar, based on centuries of ancestor worship that has made many customs immutable. The attitudes have been shaped partly by the physical landscape of Japan, which packs one of the most crowded
7、 populations on earth onto narrow plains, bounded by sea and inhospitable mountains. For centuries the main activity has been rice farming, which requires communal planting, weeding, watering and harvesting, rather than the rugged individualism of American and European agriculture. (3)I have been ca
8、ptivated by life here since I arrived a year ago, floating on a wave of adoration of most things Japanese, yet getting in everyones way and doing everything wrong. I would jog around the Imperial Palace in a clockwise direction, only to find everyone else running anti-clockwise, bearing down on me a
9、s if I didnt exist. I wore short sleeves in early autumn, and couldnt work out why, when it was still blazing hot outside, everyone had put on their jackets and ties again. After swimming with dolphins on the island of Mikurajima this summer, my family and I went to a cafe to have lunch, still in ou
10、r damp bathing costumes. Our hostess was so livid that at first I thought we must have set the place alight, not left a few damp seats where our bottoms had been. Living as a foreigner in Japan, for all its attractions, has many such small humiliations. You may be on a noble quest to plumb the depth
11、s of the Japanese soul, but you will take so many wrong turns you end up wondering whether you are indeed too brutish to make sense of it. (4)You may also be struck by how few of the locals have a matching interest in you and your culture. That is because it increasingly seems as if the outside worl
12、d with its sharper elbows, fattier food and shoddy dress sense is kept at arms length. Fewer young Japanese are travelling abroad, fewer are studying English, and fewer are taking places at leading academic institutions overseas such as Harvard Business School. Bosses at Japans legendary export busi
13、nesses complain they cannot find youngsters who are prepared to work abroad. Two clever young Japanese friends, just posted to excellent jobs in America, told me that Japan is so comfortable they find it hard to leave. (5)Yet as those friends are the first to admit, it is a cotton-wool comfort that
14、keeps out alien germs like the surgical facemasks that many Japanese wear, so at odds with the rest of their perfect dress. To the outsider, it can lend the society an air of feeble vulnerability. At times it is downright maddening. Foreign ATM cards dont work in most Japanese banks, Japanese movies
15、 even the classics rented at the ubiquitous Tsutaya video store dont offer the option of foreign-language subtitles. Japanese mobile-phone technology is so unusual that analysts talk of “the Galapagos effect“, because it has grown up in a unique eco-system that makes it unsuitable for use anywhere e
16、lse. 1 According to the passage, which is NOT seen as a cause for the order and harmony in Japan? （ A） Forefathers influence. （ B） The large population. （ C） Geographical environment. （ D） The ingrained notions. 2 Which of the following statements about the third paragraph is INCORRECT? （ A） The Jap
17、anese get accustomed to run anti-clockwise. （ B） It is a little difficult to probe into the Japanese mind for foreigners. （ C） Having dinners in bathing costumes after swimming seems unacceptable in Japan. （ D） Wearing short sleeves and pants is popular in a burning hot day during September. 3 In th
18、e authors view, which of the following is NOT a fact that makes foreigners crazy in Japan? （ A） The locals live too cozily and have no interest in foreign countries. （ B） Most Japanese banks dont identify foreign ATM cards. （ C） Movies for rent offer no choice of foreign-language subtitles. （ D） The
19、 cell phone made in Japan is not suitable to use outside Japan. 4 According to the passage, we learn that _. （ A） citizens in Japan all drive to boutiques with a GPS in public holiday （ B） young people in Japan are not hard-working in their academic study （ C） Japan is a densely-populated country an
20、d unsuitable for living （ D） Japan tends to live in isolation, shunning off from the rest of world 4 (1)The Muslim calendar, now in its 1,431st year, follows the cycle of the moon rather than the sun. This means it shifts by 11 days a year in comparison with the Gregorian calendar, completing a full
21、 cycle in about 33 years. And it ignores the seasons. Ramadan(斋月 ), the month of fasting which this year began on August 12th, is now taking place slap in the middle of the Arab worlds summer holiday. Those who observe the fast must not only put up with the heat and the ensuing dangers of dehydratio
22、n and exhaustion. There are economic costs that did not weigh a generation ago, when consumer culture had yet to take hold. Across the Arab world, for instance, the price of cooking oil shoots up, since fried sweets are a Ramadan speciality. The cost of sugar rises too. So does the price of honey, e
23、specially in the Maghreb. Food importers do particularly well out of pistachios(开心果 ), dates and dried apricots. Caf6s close by day but often make up for that with late-night revels. Many big new television shows are launched during Ramadan, accounting for a third of annual advertising revenue for A
24、rab satellite television stations. (2)But for many businesses, especially government ones, productivity plummets as the working day shortens by two or three hours. The stock market, however, usually surges, according to a recent study by Ahmad Etebari, a professor at the University of New Hampshire.
25、 Studying market patterns in Muslim countries between 1989 and 2007, he found that returns during Ramadan were almost nine times higher than in the rest of the year. The reason, he says, is that the seasonal cheer encourages optimism and thus risk-taking. (3)But a summer Ramadan is, overall, bad for
26、 the economy. Governments worry about the higher cost of producing more electricity. The lights stay on longer, as people have to eat after nightfall. Kuwaits electricity ministry has given warning of power cuts and electricity rationing, since more locals will stay at home for Ramadan, with air con
27、ditioners on full throttle, rather than go abroad, as many of them usually do in August The authorities in many Arab countries offer food subsidies to ensure that families can afford basic staples. Price controls are often imposed on retailers who are tempted to raise prices to take advantage of inc
28、reased demand. (4)Western tourists hesitate to spend their holidays at a time when food can be hard to find during the day and alcohol sales are suspended, as in Morocco. Muslim tourists may also choose to stay at home for Ramadan. Egypt, where August is a peak month for tourists from other Arab cou
29、ntries, has launched a festival to entice this high-income customers to come and celebrate away from home. (5)Visits from the millions of North Africans who work in Europe have been shortened or shifted to earlier dates, as they are less keen to visit their families back home when the weather is sco
30、rching. Ferry companies say bookings for Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, which used to peak at the end of August as families returned to Europe for the start of the school year, piled up at the beginning of the month, just before Ramadan. Meanwhile, Arabs who can afford to fly north and west prefer to
31、 spend the fasting month in gentler climes. 5 The italicized word “slap“ in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _. （ A） coincidently （ B） auspiciously （ C） approximately （ D） unexpectedly 6 Which of the following is NOT true about the economic situation during Ramadan? （ A） The increased de
32、mand of food used for Ramadan makes price rise. （ B） The TV stations make a large fortune because of the advertising income. （ C） Many industries achieve high-efficiency production because of shorter working time. （ D） The stock market seems to be more bullish during this period of time. 7 To ensure
33、 the Ramadan run smoothly, the following measures are taken by governments of the Arab countries EXCEPT _. （ A） restricting and planning the electricity use （ B） encouraging the citizens to go abroad （ C） providing the citizens with food subsidies （ D） controlling prices to hinder some opportunists
34、8 A suitable title for the passage would be _. （ A） How Muslims Celebrate Ramadan （ B） Ramadan in the Summer Heat （ C） The Economic Impact of Ramadan （ D） The Depression of Tourism during Ramadan 8 (1)Next time youre out raising money for your favorite charity, you would do best to first hit up your
35、 female friends or perhaps the wives of your male ones. Women, it appears, are much better givers. (2)According to a recent study by the Womens Philanthropy Institute at the University of Indiana, women are as much as 40% more likely to donate than men. Whats more, women at nearly every income level
36、 are better givers. Not only do they give more often; they also tend to donate more. For example, the study found that a female-headed household with a family income of at least $103,000 is likely to give to charities, on average, nearly $1,910, or $1,000 more a year than a similar household in whic
37、h a man controls the checkbook. (3)“It is not just the older white males giving,“ says Dr. Debra Mesch, the director of the institute. “We are seeing women really growing in terms of philanthropy.“ (4)The study, titled “Women Give 2010,“ is, according to Mesch, the first to look at philanthropy by g
38、ender. Mesch studied 2,532 single-headed households of comparable income and their giving habits. With women steadily increasing their earning power, what she found is good news for the world of charity. “This is the perfect storm for philanthropy, and we are on the verge of a huge global movement a
39、s women become more powerful in the philanthropic movement,“ says Mesch. (5)The gender giving gap varied by type of charity. The one category in which women were less likely than men to give to a charity was arts and culture. For all other causes that Mesch looked at, women were more likely donors.
40、Women were 55% more likely donors to international causes than men, 42% more likely to religious organizations, and 32% more likely to youth and family groups. (6)The study shows another big difference: women are more drawn man men to causes and organizations they or family members closely relate to
41、. Professional fundraiser Heather Gee realized that finding her interests gave her focus. “Instead of just writing a check to this charity or that charity, I started to really explore what I was passionate about and what was most important to me,“ she says. That means organizations have to take the
42、time to foster relationships, Mesch says. “It is easier to work with men who get out their checkbooks and put names on buildings. It is different to work with women.“ (7)Mark Hanlon, senior vice president of the Colorado-based nonprofit Compassion International, says the Indiana study rings true to
43、him. For his group, 60% of its donors are women. As a Christian organization aiming to pull children out of poverty globally, Compassion International falls right in line with what the report says is a sweet spot for female givers. “Ultimately, our cause and what we do is about children and poverty,
44、“ Hanlon says. “Very naturally, women gravitate toward those two issues. They understand it acutely, and there is a natural leaning for Compassion to be attractive to mem.“ (8)Mesch says not enough nonprofits have discovered the strength of targeting female givers and that there is room for research
45、. “Now we know the difference of behavior,“ she says. “We need to go deeper into why this is happening.“ 9 Compared with men, women are more likely to donate in the following categories EXCEPT _. （ A） religious organizations （ B） international affairs （ C） arts and culture （ D） family and teenager g
46、roup 10 Which of the following sentences is NOT true about the differences between men and women donors? （ A） Women are often attracted by the affairs and organizations relevant to their families. （ B） When involved in leaving names on buildings, men will be more enthusiastic than women. （ C） Women
47、are highly motivated in saving children and helping the poor. （ D） Women donate more often than men but the sum is relatively smaller each time. 11 The following paragraphs are expected to focus on _. （ A） exploring the reasons that cause the differences between men and women donors （ B） exemplifyin
48、g the distinguished features between men and women donors （ C） explaining why the result of the research is in coincidence with Hanlons words （ D） informing how to win over the women donors by analyzing their features 11 (1)Of all the catastrophes mat could befall America in coming years, a big terr
49、orist attack, perhaps even bigger than those on September 11th 2001, may be more likely than others. Who would pay for the millions in property damage, business losses and other claims from such an attack? (2)This is the question with which Americas Congress is currently wrestling. The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act(TRIA)was passed as a temporary measure after September 11th to provide a government back-stop for the insurance industry in me event of a catastrophic attack. It now says government can step in when insured losses from
