1、专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷 15及答案与解析 0 Something has been happening to the concept of “fiction,“ both in critical discourse and elsewhere. For a long time, this concept operated under commonly understood restrictions. It was used to refer (1) to a certain genre of literature; (2) to a certain aspect of literatur
2、e in general- the element of plot, action, or fable, including such constituents as character, setting, scene, and so on; (3) to any narrative or story containing a large element of invention. But recently, the concept of “fiction“ has undergone an expansion. Though still used to refer to the action
3、 or plot of literary works, it has come to be applied to something more: to the ideas, themes, and beliefs that are embodied in the action or plot. It is not only the events in literature that are regarded as fictive but the “message“ or “world view“ conveyed in the presentation of the events as wel
4、l. And this is not the end of the matter. Going a step farther, critics now sometimes suggest, by kind of tautology, that literary meanings are fictions because all meanings are fictions, even those of nonliterary language, including the language of criticism. In these most extreme flights, this cri
5、tical view asserts that “life“ and “reality“ are themselves fictions. 1 When the author says that something has been happening to the concept of “fiction“, he means that the concept of “fiction“ _. （ A） only operates under commonly understood restrictions （ B） has recently been expanded （ C） is appl
6、ied to something different （ D） is undergoing a change only in critical discourse 2 That “life“ and “reality“ are themselves fictions _. （ A） is what people generally believe today （ B） is considered true by all literary critics （ C） is only the opinion held by very few critics （ D） is not the end o
7、f the matter 2 Our constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states; we are rather a pattern to others than imitators ourselves. Its administration favours the many instead of the few; this is why it is called a democracy. If we look to the laws, they afford equal justice to all in their pr
8、ivate differences; if to social standing advancement in public life falls to reputation for capacity, class considerations not being allowed to interfere with merit; nor again does poverty bar the way; If a man is able to serve the state, he is not hindered by the obscurity of his condition. The fre
9、edom which we enjoy in our government a jealous surveillance over enact other, we do not feel called upon to be angry with our neighbor for doing what he likes, or even to indulge in those injurious looks which cannot fail to be offensive, although they inflict no positive penalty. But all this in o
10、ur private relations does not make us lawless as citizens. Against this is our chief safeguard, teaching us to obey the magistrates and the laws, particularly such as regard the protection of the injured whether they are actually on the protection of the injured, whether they are actually on the sta
11、tute book, or belong to that code which although unwritten, yet cannot be broken without acknowledged disgrace. Further, we provide plenty of means for the mind to refresh itself from business. We celebrate games and sacrifices all the year round, and the elegance of our private establishments forms
12、 a daily source of pleasure and helps to banish the spleen; while the magnitude of our city draws the produce of the world into our harbour, so that to the citizen the fruits of other countries are as familiar a luxury as those of his own. If we turn to our military policy, there also we differ from
13、 our antagonists. We throw open our city to the world, and never by alien acts exclude foreigners from any opportunity of learning or observing, although the eyes of an enemy may occasionally profit by our liberality; trusting less in system and policy than to the native spirit of our citizens; whil
14、e in education, where our rivals from their very, cradles by a painful discipline seek after manliness, here we live exactly as we please, and yet are just as ready to encounter every legitimate danger. So spoke Pericles to the Athenians many centuries before Christ. 3 According to this passage, wha
15、t is the most important definition of democracy? （ A） The ancient Athenians constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states. （ B） The ancient Athenians administration“ favours the many instead of the few. （ C） The ancient Athenians are examples to others rather than imitators ourselves. （
16、D） The ancient Athenians have all the features of A, B and 4 Class consideration is not allowed to interfere with citizens _. （ A） strong points and ability （ B） privacy （ C） demonstration （ D） speech 5 The magnitude of Athens draws the _ into its harbor. （ A） the people of Asia （ B） animals of Euro
17、pe （ C） fruits of Africa （ D） high-quality products of the world 专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷 15答案与解析 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 作者在文章的前半部分论述了 ”虚构 ”作品的概念。作者指出， “虚构 ”作品的概念虽然仍然主要指文学作品中的故事情节，但这一概念在最近一段时间已经逐步扩大到了这些故事情节背后所体现的思想、主题、信仰等内容。本题属于主旨理解题。因此，选项 B为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 该题属于推论题。在文章的后半段，作者介绍了某些评论家的比较
18、极端的观点： “生活 ”与 “现实 ”本身就是虚构的。作者用了 ”最极端的说法 ”(the most extreme flights)来特别强调某些人的 ”曲高和寡 ”。选项 C应为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 该题属于主旨题。在文章的第一部分，作者明确表明了其心目中民主的含义，既不模仿他人的法律，也不模仿他人的行为，而是为他人做出表率，而且更为重要的是要为大多数人谋利益。这几方面都是民主的内容范围。都是不可缺少的组成部分。选项 D应为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 该题要求读者明白文章的中心含义。只要公民有突出的才能与爱心为国服务，其贫寒的出身与背景并不应妨碍他为国家贡献自己的才华。选项 A应为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 该题属于推导题。作者充分展示了古代希腊人的优秀品质，他们热情好客，他们思想开放。正是这些优点吸引了世界各地的客商，各地的优质产品。选项 D应为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读
