1、专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷 17及答案与解析 0 There are two ways in which we can think of literary translation: as reproduction, and as recreation. If we think of translation as reproduction, it is a safe and harmless enough business: the translator is a literature processor into which the text to be translated is inse
2、rted and out of which it ought to emerge identical, but in another language. But unfortunately the human mind is an imperfect machine, and the goal of precise interlinguistic message transference is never achieved: so the translator offers humble apologies for being capable of producing only a pale
3、shadow of the original. Since all he is doing is copying anothers meanings from one language to another, he removes himself from sight so that the writers genius can shine as brightly as may be. To do this, he uses a neutral, conventionally literary language which ensures that the result will indeed
4、 be a pale shadow, in which it is impossible for anybodys genius to shine. Readers also regard the translator as a neutral meaning-conveyor, then attribute the mediocrity of the translation to the original author. Martin Amis, for example, declares that Don Quixote is unreadable. without stopping to
5、 think about the consequences of the fact that what he has read or not read is what a translator wrote, not what Cervantes wrote. If we regard literary translation like this, as message transference, we have to conclude that before very long it will be carried out perfectly well by computers. There
6、are many pressures encouraging translators to accept this description of their work, apart from the fact that it is a scientific description and therefore must be right. Tradition is one such additional encouragement, because meaning-transference has been the dominant philosophy and manner of litera
7、r3 translation into English for at least three hundred years. The large publishing houses provide further encouragement, since they also expect the translator to be a literature-processor, who not only copies texts but simplifies them as well, eliminating troublesome complexities and manufacturing a
8、 readily consumable product for the marketplace. But there is another way in which we can think of literary translation. We can regard the translator not as a passive reproducer of meanings but as an active reader first, and then a creative rewriter of what he has read. This description has the adva
9、ntages of being more interesting and of corresponding more closely to reality, because a pile of sheets of paper with little squiggly lines on them, glued together along one side. only becomes a work of literature when somebody reads it, and reading is not just a logical process but one involving th
10、e whole being: the feelings and the intuitions and the memory and the creative imagination and the whole life experience of the reader. Computers cannot read, they can only scan. And since the combination of all those human components is unique in each person, there are as many Don Quixotes as there
11、 are readers of Don Quixote, as Jorge Luis Borges once declared. Any translation of this novel is the translators account of his reading of it, rather than some inevitably pale shadow of what Cervantes wrote. It will only be a pale shadow if the translator is a dull reader, perhaps as a result of ac
12、cepting the preconditioning that goes with the role of literature-processor. You may object that what l am advocating is extreme chaotic subjectivism, leading to the conclusion that anything goes, in reading and therefore in translation; but it is not, because reading is guided by its own convention
13、s, the interpersonal roles of the literary game that we internalise as we acquire literary experience. By reference to these, we can agree, by reasoned argument, that some readings are more appropriate than others, and therefore that some translations are better than others. 1 Which of the following
14、 is TRUE of translation as reproduction? （ A） The translator can precisely transfer meaning from one language to another. （ B） He tries not to have his presence felt. （ C） He can show the original writer at his or her best. （ D） The translator actively produces the writers meanings. 2 The author use
15、s all of the following expressions interchangeably EXCEPT _. （ A） literature processor （ B） message transference （ C） meaning transference （ D） chaotic subjectivism 3 According to the author, the quality of translation depends on _. （ A） degree of subjectivism （ B） the reading of the work to be tran
16、slated （ C） rules of translation （ D） linguistic skills of the translator 3 Paper enables a certain kind of thinking. Picture, for instance, the top of your desk. Chances are that you have a keyboard and a computer screen off to one side, and a clear space roughly eighteen inches square in front of
17、your chair. What covers the rest of the desktop is probably piles - piles of papers, journals, magazines, binders, postcards, videotapes, and all the other artifacts of the knowledge economy. The piles look like a mess, but they arent. When a group at Apple Computer studied piling behavior several y
18、ears ago, they found that even the most disorderly piles usually make perfect sense to the piler, and that office workers could hold forth in great detail about the precise history and meaning of their piles. The pile closest to the cleared, eighteen-inch-square working area, for example, generally
19、represents the most urgent business, and within that pile the most important document of all is likely to be at the top. Piles are living, breathing archives. Over time, they get broken down and resorted, sometimes chronologically and sometimes thematically and sometimes chronologically and thematic
20、ally; clues about certain documents may be physically embedded in the file by, say, stacking a certain piece of paper at an angle or inserting dividers into the stack. But why do we pile documents instead of filing them? Because piles represent the process of active, ongoing thinking. The psychologi
21、st Alison Kid argues that “knowledge workers“ use the physical space of the desktop to hold “ideas which they cannot yet categorize or even decide how they might use.“ The messy desk is not necessarily a sign of disorganization. It may be a sign of complexity: those who deal with many unresolved ide
22、as simultaneously cannot sort and file the papers on their desks, because they havent yet sorted and filed the ideas in theft head. Kidd writes that many of the people she talked to use the papers on their desks as contextual cues to “recover a complex set of threads without difficulty and delay“ wh
23、en they come in on a Monday morning, or after their work has been interrupted by a phone call. What we see when we look at the piles on our desks is, in a sense, the contents of our brains. Sellen and Harper, author of The Myth of the Paperless Office, arrived at similar findings when they did some
24、consulting work with a chocolate manufacturer. The people in the firm they were most interested in were the buyers-the staff who handled the companys relationships with its venders, from cocoa and sugar manufacturers to advertisers. The buyers kept folders (containing contracts, correspondence, meet
25、ing notes, and so forth) on every supplier they had dealings with. The company wanted to move the in fort-nation in those documents online, to save space and money, and make it easier for everyone in the firm to have access to it. That sounds like an eminently rational thing to do. But when Sellen a
26、nd Harper looked at the folders they discovered that they contained all kinds of idiosyncratic material-advertising paraphernalia, printouts of Emails, presentation notes, and letters-much of which had been annotated in the margins with thoughts and amendments and, they write, “perhaps most importan
27、t, comments about problems and issues with a suppliers performance not intended for the suppliers eyes.“ The information in each folder was organized if it was organized at all according to the whims of the particular buyer. Whenever other people wanted to look at a document, they generally had to b
28、e walked through it by the buyer who “owned“ it, because it simply wouldnt make sense otherwise. The much advertised advantage of digitizing documents that they could be made available to anyone, at any time was illusory: documents cannot speak for themselves. “All of this emphasized that most of wh
29、at constituted a buyers expertise resulted from involvement with the buyers own suppliers through a long history of phone calls and meetings,“ Sellen and Harper write: The correspondence, notes, and other documents such discussions would produce formed a significant part of the documents buyers kept
30、. These materials therefore supported rather than constituted the expertise of the buyers. In other words, the knowledge existed not so much in the documents as in the heads of the people who owned them - in their memories of what the documents were, in their knowledge of the history of that supplie
31、r relationship, and in the recollections that were prompted whenever they went through the files. 4 The best title for the passage is _. （ A） Sorting Office Documents （ B） Meaning in Chaos （ C） The Importance of Documents （ D） Desire for Disorder 5 Which of the following is true of piles of document
32、s on an office desk? （ A） They are always either chronologically or thematically sorted. （ B） They represent ordered ideas in the brain. （ C） They can facilitate recovering ideas in the brain. （ D） They are signs of different personalities. 6 It is not a good idea to move the buyers documents online
33、 because _. （ A） the amounts of the documents are enormous （ B） moving documents online is a costly business （ C） the documents would seem meaningless （ D） the documents contain dishonest dealings 7 Which of the following would breathe life into the buyers documents? （ A） The buyers memories. （ B） T
34、he filing of the documents. （ C） The exposure of the documents to the public. （ D） The buyers personalities. 专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷 17答案与解析 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题用排除法解题。选项 A不是答案，见第 2段第 1句；选项 B是答案，根据第 2段第 2句，由于翻译者的工作是把意思从一种语言转换成另一种语言，这样就可以充分展示原作者的创造能力； 选项 C不是答案，根据第 2段最后一句，由于翻译者为了不在翻译作品中留下主观的烙印，他使用了不带
35、个人色彩的文学语言，其结果是原作者的创造能力没有表现出来；选项 D不是答案，从第 5段第 21句可以看出，翻译不是被动地对意思进行复制。选项 B为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 在文章的前半部分，作者主要讨论了翻译如何是被当作一种简单的复制，选项 A、 B、 C是被用来表达同一观点。因此选项 D为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解 析】 该题要求理解文章后半部分的内容。在这一部分，作者主要说明了翻译者对文章的解读决定了翻译的质量。选项 B为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本文
36、主要说的是，一些看似杂乱的文件和材料在其主人的眼里具有重要的意义。选项 B为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据第 2段倒数第 2句，桌面上的文件可以帮助人们恢复思路，选项 C为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案 】 C 【试题解析】 第 3段主要讨论了将采购员的文件放到网络上供人查询所存在的问题。采购员的文件反映了各采购员的个人习惯：人们要看懂采购员的文件，必须要有采购员在旁边做出说明；文件本身不能说明什么问题。选项 C为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 根据最后一段，采购员的文件并不构成采购员的知识和专长。采购员的知识和专长存在于文件的回忆之中。因此，采购员对文件的回忆才使文件具有意义。选项 A为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读
