1、专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷 21及答案与解析 0 India is being invaded by Kentucky Fried Chicken. That, at least, was the charge made last week by a nationalist group, which sought to shut down the fast-food chains first outlet in India on the ground that American “junk food“ is beneath local health standards. But the cr
2、y of fowl play was nothing next to the outrage that many Indians felt when they learned that another US multinational, W. R. Grace its seeds can become pesticides. Its twigs even make a good rustic toothbrush. As the news spread, dozens of groups held seminars and meetings to vent their anger agains
3、t W. R. Grace, the Florida-based chemicals conglomerate. “Patenting neem is like patenting cow dung!“ thundered one Indian parliamentarian, George Fernades, the source of much of the agitation was Jeremy Rifkin, a vocal US opponent of genetic engineering, and Vandana Shiva, director of Indias Resear
4、ch Foundation for Science, Technology and Natural Resources. In Washington, they and others submitted a petition to the US Patent and Trademark Office with some 100, 000 signatures asking that Graces patent be overturned. Rifkin asserted that the companys hijacking of the neem trees chemical propert
5、ies “is the first case of genetic c01onialism.“ Its no fun being a multinational corporation in India these days. After four years of rapid-fire market openings, the nation is undergoing a convulsive backlash against foreigners. Not coincidentally, this is happening just as India is reaching record
6、levels of foreign investment - $2 billion already this year, double the amount in 1994. Led by the Bharatiya Janata Party and other nationalist groups, enemies of Prime Minister R V. Narasimha Raos reformist administration are rallying around a classic Indian political banner: xenophobia. Last month
7、 a new nationalist government in the industrial state of Maharashtra reneged on a contracted signed more than three years ago with Enron Corp. to build a major power plant near Bombay. Other protests have struck Indian operations of McDonalds and Pizza Hut. Many foreign companies insist the worlds l
8、argest democracy still has too much potential to pass up: Ford Motor Co., for example, last week announced an $800 million plan to build cars in Nashik. But with national elections just seven months away, things are likely to get much worse before they improve. 1 Which of the following is the most i
9、mportant factor that makes Indians opposed to the patenting of the neem tree? （ A） Nationalism. （ B） Awareness of environmental protection. （ C） Fear of the neem tree. （ D） Hatred of foreigners. 2 We may understand from the end of the passage that many foreign companies insist that _. （ A） India sho
10、uld not give up opportunities to develop itself （ B） India has a great deal of potential to develop its economy （ C） there is still a lot of potential for foreign investment to enter India （ D） India as the worlds largest democracy should have the responsibility to absorb foreign investment 3 By the
11、 statement that “the nation is undergoing a convulsive backlash against foreigners“, the author wants to convey _. （ A） the Indians have a mixed feeling about foreigners （ B） the Indians begin to dislike foreigners （ C） the Indians open their arms to welcome foreigners （ D） the Indians shut their do
12、ors to foreigners 3 A widely heralded but still experimental cancer-fighting compound may be used someday to prevent two other major killers of Americans: heart disease and stroke. That was the implication of a remarkable report published last week in the journal Circulation by a team of researchers
13、 from Dr. Judah Folkmans laboratory at the Childrens Hospital in Boston. The versatile compound is endostatin, a human protein that inhibits angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels in the body. In tests reported in 1997 by Folkman, a prominent cancer researcher who pioneered the study of angio
14、genesis, the drug had reduced and even eradicated tumors in laboratory mice. How? By stunting the growth of capillaries necessary for nourishing the burgeoning mouse tumors. When news of Folkmans achievement became widely known last year, it led to wildly exaggerated predictions of imminent cancer c
15、ures. When other scientists were initially unable to duplicate those results, question arose about the validity of folkmans research. Then in February scientists at the National Cancer Institute, with guidance from Folkman, finally matched his results, reassured, the N.C.I. gave the go-ahead for cli
16、nical trials of endostation later this year on patients with advanced tumors. How can a drug that is apparently effective against tumors also reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke? The answer lies in the composition of plaque, the fatty deposit that builds up in arteries and can eventually clog
17、 them. Plaque consists of a mix of cholesterol, white blood cells and smooth muscle cells, and as it accumulates, a network of capillaries sprouts from the artery walls to nourish the cell. Could endostatin halt the growth of capillaries and starve the plaque? A Folkman lab team led by Dr. Karen Mou
18、lton decided to find out. The scientists put baby lab mice on a 16-week “western diet“ that was high in fat and cholesterol, then measured the plaque buildup on the walls of each aorta, the large artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Meanwhile, they inject one group of mi
19、ce with endostatin, another with a different blood-vessel inhibitor call TNP-470and a control group with an inert saline solution. Twenty weeks later the researchers again measured plague in the mouse aortas. The results were startling: the endostatin group averaged 85% less plaque buildup and the T
20、NP-470 group 70% less than those in the control group. All too aware of the premature hopes raised last year after Folkmans tumor report, the researchers have been careful not to oversell the new results. “If this finding is supported in future studies,“ says Moulton, “(it could open the way for) tr
21、eatments that could delay the progression of heart disease and possible reduce the incidence of heart attacks and strokes.“ But any such treatments, she stresses, are probably five to ten years away. 4 Why are the researchers so careful about assessing the results of the new experiment? （ A） Because
22、 they have no idea what the new medicine can do. （ B） Because they only want to use the new medicine for cancer treatment. （ C） Because they are not quite sure about the efficacy of the new medicine for heart disease. （ D） Because they do not want to sell too much of the new medicine. 5 What does th
23、e word “capillaries“ in paragraph 2 mean? （ A） One of the minute blood vessels that connect arterioles. （ B） One of the main blood vessels that connect venules. （ C） One of the main blood vessels that connect arterioles. （ D） One of the minute blood vessels that connect arterioles and venules. 专业英语八
24、级（阅读）练习试卷 21答案与解析 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 作者在文章中介绍了印度人强烈的民族主义意识，他们对外围公司把其神树 neem tree注册成自己的专利感到非常气愤，正如 Rifkin所说：外国公司把其神树注册成他们的专利，就是抢劫其神树，这是一种赤裸裸的殖民主义掠夺行为。由此可以看出，选项 A为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 该题属于推论题。在文章的最后一段，作者写道，许多外国公司依然认为印度这个大国对它们有很大的投资潜力，它们可以在该国 赚更多的钱。利益的丰厚回报会让国外大公司不断进来找寻商机的。这是本段的中心内
25、容。因此选项 C为正确答案。当然，在离大选还有七个月的时间里，投资该国也不是没有风险，因为投资人对哪党哪派上台心中未有把握，对新政府的对外政策是否有变化也是心中无数，这也是外国公司所考虑的问题之一。尽管如此，投资人还是时刻觊觎有利商机的。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 该题属于主旨题。在整篇文章中，作者都很明确地阐述了印度国人对外国公司的复杂心理，他们已经觉醒，他们大多数人对外国肆意掠夺其 国有资产表示了不满。这是民族意识的觉醒，这是人们从盲目崇拜外国到合乎情理的欣赏，从盲目崇拜外国到有分寸地反对所必须经历的一个过程。外国公司把印度国宝注册为自己的专利，必然引起印度国
26、人的反对，由此激起人们对外国人的普遍反感，也是可以理解的。据此分析，选项 B应为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 该题属于推导题。作者在文章谈到新药对肿瘤和中风的功效，但对治疗心脏病却尚不能十分肯定。据此推论，选项 C应为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 该题属于主旨理解题。作者在文章中使用了一些与心脏、血管等有关的专业词语，该处就是其中一个。 By stunting the growth of capillaries necessary for nourishing the burgeoning mouse tumors. 作者在该段讲到研究人员通过在试验的 mouse(鼠 )身上注射一种药物，通过抑制血管扩张，把为鼠提供营养的血管抑制住，肿瘤就会得以延缓或停止生长。此处的 capillaries就是人们平常所 说自的minute blood vessels。因此选项 D应为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读
