1、专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷 28及答案与解析 0 The Great Lyme Debate Theres a debate raging over Lyme disease, although youd never know it unless youve been paying close attention because on the surface it sounds like the dullest argument imaginable. Last year, the Infectious Diseases Society of America issued new guide
2、lines saying physicians should treat Lyme with antibiotics for no longer than 30 days. Some docs think thats wrong. Its a seemingly straightforward difference of opinion. So why has the debate dissolved into animosity, with one side suggesting that its opponents have no credibility and the other sli
3、nging deeply personal insults on the Web? And why has it now spilled out of medical journals and onto the office of a state attorney general? Clearly, something other than ticks is bugging a lot of doctors. Lyme disease the most common insect-borne ailment in America, with roughly 20,000 cases diagn
4、osed each year and more undetected is transmitted mostly by a well-known pest, the deer tick. But the real culprit is something even nastier, a bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi that lives in the ticks gut. When Borrelia infiltrates the human body, it can cause a suite of distinctive symptoms, m
5、ost notably a flulike feeling and a red rash like a bulls-eye. Sometimes, though, it causes no symptoms at all, and thats more dangerous, because the early signs are the only warnings doctors have. If Lyme is left undiagnosed and untreated, its consequences can be serious, including arthritis, menin
6、gitis, heart problems and inflammation of the brain. “The real secret,“ says Dr. Michael Zimring, director of the Center for Wilderness and Travel Medicine at Mercy Medical Center in Baltimore, “is to be able to recognize the disease early enough.“ Zimring would know. Several years ago his wife felt
7、 fluish and came down with an oval- shaped rash. Zimring wasnt sure what she had, but “knowing our backyard is loaded with ticks was enough,“ he says. He started his wife right away on one of the classic, effective antibiotics used to treat Lyme. When her medical tests came back, they proved him rig
8、ht. “I treated her for three weeks,“ he says, “and that was it. No problem.“ Unfortunately, not all Lyme patients recover so easily. And thats whats at the heart of the debate some docs think patients who are treated inadequately can develop a chronic form of the disease, while others deny that its
9、possible. Dr. Rafael Stricter, president of the International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society, believes in “chronic Lyme disease,“ and he says that in his clinical experience about 70 percent of patients with it get better if theyre treated long term with the same drugs used to treat early infe
10、ction. But the doctors who made the new IDSA guidelines on treatment say theres no such thing as chronic Lyme, because in most patients who complain of it, Borrelia isnt detectable in the body. Dr. Gary Wormser, who chaired the IDSA panel, prefers the term “post-Lyme syndrome.“ “Treating that syndro
11、me with high-dose antibiotics for months as some physicians did before the new guidelines can only hurt patients,“ he says. “It can give them gallstones and infections and lead to antibiotic resistance while not curing anything. The majority of patients treated for chronic Lyme do not have post-Lyme
12、,“ he says, “and in fact never, ever had Lyme disease at all.“ This does not sit well with thousands of patients who believe they do have chronic Lyme and badly want antibiotic treatment for it. “The IDSA is basically saying to them, Were right, youre wrong, we dont want to listen to you, just take
13、some antidepressants and go away,“ says Stricker. The IDSA is a highly respected group of doctors. But its facing formidable opposition, not just from Strickers group (and angry patients whove taken to Internet message boards) but also from the attorney generals office in Connecticut, the state with
14、 the countrys highest incidence of Lyme disease. A.G. Richard Blumenthal has launched an investigation of the IDSA panel, looking into whether it ignored any research that would support long-term antibiotic treatment (the guidelines cite more than 400 studies). “Our question basically is whether the
15、 guidelines were formulated through a process that was proper, without self-interest or conflicts of interest,“ Blumenthal says, noting that some of the panel members have financial interests in treatments and vaccines. Blumenthal also worries that the new guidelines might be used by insurance compa
16、nies looking to avoid paying for Lyme drugs. “The investigation is at an important juncture,“ he says. Meanwhile, Wormser is baffled. How could the interests of the patient be served by treating with unnecessary and potentially dangerous therapies?“ he says. “The guidelines represent the best that m
17、edical science has to offer.“ The question, then, is whether thats good enough. 1 The word “animosity“ in the first paragraph means _. （ A） hostility （ B） harmony （ C） hospitality （ D） agreement 2 According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true about the Lyme disease? （ A） It
18、 can be detected easily. （ B） Patients who get it feel like flu. （ C） It can be cured if recognized early enough. （ D） Zimring thinks Antibiotics is effective in treating it. 3 Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the chairperson of the IDSA panel? （ A） There is not a chronic f
19、orm of Lyme disease. （ B） Borrelia is not detectable in most patients who are said to have Lyme disease. （ C） The majority of patients treated for chronic Lyme do not have Lyme disease. （ D） Treating Lyme disease with high-dose antibiotics can lead to meningitis and heart problems. 4 According to th
20、e passage, who is not opposed to the guidelines issued by the IDSA? （ A） Dr. Rafael Stricker. （ B） Dr. Gary Wormser. （ C） A.G. Richard Blumenthal. （ D） Patients who think they have chronic Lym 5 According to the passage, the following statements worry Richard Blumenthal with the EXCEPTION of （ A） So
21、me panel members have interests in treatments and vaccines. （ B） The patients are treated with unnecessary and potentially dangerous drugs. （ C） The IDSA might ignore research that supports long-term antibiotic treatment. （ D） Insurance companies might refuse to pay for Lyme drugs due to the guideli
22、nes. 5 The Democrats Trade Troubles Last week House speaker Nancy Pelosi and Congressman Charles Rangel showed genuine leadership by making a deal with the Bush administration to ease the passage of new trade pacts. But they did so from within a party that is going seriously awry on this issue. Too
23、many Democrats, including most of their presidential candidates, simply wish the subject would go away. This is a bad strategy for the party and for the country. Bill Clintons most important. political achievement was to transform the image of the Democratic Party into one that was in favor of growt
24、h, markets and trade. Clinton supported and articulated a powerful defense for the North American Free Trade Agreement, the World Trade Organization and commerce with China, among many such issues. He spoke confidently of the promise and opportunities of a globalized world. When you talk with electe
25、d Democrats now, they could not sound more different. Far too many of them are parochial, pessimistic and paranoid about the global economy. Globalization and technological change produce real anxieties for many people in the developed world. But the basic facts are incontestable: over the past 20 y
26、ears, as these forces have accelerated, the United States has benefited enormously. Its companies have dominated the new global economic order; its consumers have reaped the lions share of the resulting price reductions. America has grown faster than any large industrial economy during these years:
27、over the past two decades, American per capita GDP has roughly doubled. The median income of a family of four rose 23 percent between 1985 and 2005. There are serious problems of dislocation and rising inequality and Ill return to these but that there have been substantial gains is indisputable. U.S
28、. unemployment stands today at a stunningly low 4.4 percent, about half that of many large European economies. In this context it is almost bizarre to listen to the fears of so many Democrats (and increasingly some Republicans). The Central American Free Trade Agreement, which has almost no effect o
29、n the $13 trillion American economy but is a huge benefit to the countries in the region, passed the Senate with little Democratic support. Now trade pacts with three Latin American countries Panama, Peru and Colombia have been loaded down with amendments, and even so will face opposition from many
30、Democrats. Again, this is a deal that will have almost no impact on us but is hugely important to three crucial allies. Its true that the pace of change is fast and often frightening. And it can cause real pain for real people. But we cant solve this by slowing down or shutting off trade. What advan
31、ced economy in history that has closed itself off from the world has prospered? Would Detroits automakers have been better off if they had never been exposed to international competition? Perhaps the outsourcing of service jobs today is different. But for the past 50 years America has outsourced man
32、ufacturing jobs and yet the economy and personal income and our standards of living have kept growing robustly. Why is it different if the person exposed to international competition now wears a tie? The current Democratic approach to these issues is misguided. Loading trade pacts with environmental
33、 and labor standards is ineffective, unless the aim is to sink them. It will not really change the fact of low-wage competition from poor countries. And, most important, it doesnt really help American workers to prosper in the long term. What America needs is a new way to tackle trade. It is a C-and
34、-T agenda: cushion and train. The government should help people to weather the shocks of this roller-coaster ride, and it should help train them to be better equipped for the next round of global competition. We do very little of this today. When someone loses his job in America, he loses his health
35、 care and pension. Imagine if that didnt happen and it doesnt in other rich countries would that worker be as terrified of change? And then imagine if he took a series of retraining and education courses to prepare him for a new job or career. These two shock absorbers would better equip the average
36、 American to face a world of global competition. It would ease the genuine anxieties that people have about trade and build durable political support for expanding the world economy rather than walling us in. Its a more sensible solution than China bashing, bogus labor standards and protectionist su
37、bsidies. Its a New Deal for trade. Now is any Democrat willing to say that? 6 Which of the following statements is NOT true about the first paragraph? （ A） Nancy Pelosi and Charles Rangel are Republicans. （ B） The Democratic Party is an obstacle to the passage of new trade pacts. （ C） The Democratic
38、 Party and the Republican Party are diverse in their opinions of trade. （ D） What Nancy Pelosi and Charles Rangel did was against the will of the majority of Democrats. 7 Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Democrats idea of the global economy? （ A） Bill Clinton was in favor of t
39、he global economy. （ B） A large number of Democrats fear globalization and technological change. （ C） Democratic leaders agree with Bill Clinton on the idea of the global economy. （ D） Free trade with Central America will meet with opposition from many Democrats. 8 According to the passage, the Demo
40、crats would prefer the following solutions to trade EXCEPT _. （ A） To slow down trade. （ B） To load trade pacts with labor standards. （ C） To better equip workers to face competition. （ D） To load trade pacts with environmental standards. 9 According to the passage, the American government should do
41、 the following to solve trade problems with the EXCEPTION of _. （ A） easing anxieties that people have about trade （ B） providing retraining and education courses to workers （ C） providing health care and pension to workers out of work （ D） protecting the American economy from foreign competition 10
42、 According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） America has outsourced manufacturing jobs for the past 50 years. （ B） The Democrats are liberal on flee trade and international competition. （ C） The government should reform the policies on health care and pension. （ D）
43、American economy has developed fast owing to international competition. 专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷 28答案与解析 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 由第一段可知，辩论的一方认为对手毫无可信性而言，而另一方则将针对个人的侮辱挂在网上，说明正常的辩论已经演变成了一场充满敌意的辩论。因此，结合所给词汇，只有 A正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 由第二段可知，得 Lyme病的人有时身体没有任何症状，因此很难被诊断出来，从而错过了治愈的最佳机会。得了 Lyme病的人会出 现流感
44、症状(B)，如果及早被识别出来，该病是可以治愈的 (C)。 Zimring博士认为抗生素治疗Lyme病很有效 (D)。故 A为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 由第四段可知，领导小组的 Wormser博士认为，没有一种慢性的Lyme病 (A)，在大多数认为患有 Lyme病的人体内就没有发现名为 Borrelia的细菌 (B)，而且大部分按照慢性 Lyme病接受治疗的病人根本就没有得过所谓的Lyme病 (C)。如果用大剂量的抗生素来治疗 Lyme病，会使病人患上胆结石和感染等症 状，并导致抗生素耐药，而不是脑膜炎或心脏病，故 D为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读
45、4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 Stricker博士是国际 Lyme病及相关疾病协会的总裁，他认为Lyme病可转为慢性病，因此反对 IDSA颁布的指导方针 (A)， Wormser作为 IDSA小组的负责人自然不会反对该组织颁布的指导方针， Blumenthal作为美国 Lyme病高发地的康涅狄格州的总检察长已经开始了对 IDSA的调查，说明他反对该组织颁布的指导方针 (C)，那些认为患有 Lyme病的人需要抗生素的治疗，因此 也反对新的指导方针 (D)。故 B为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 由第五段可知，康涅狄格州总检察长开始了对 IDSA小组的调查
46、，因为该小组可能忽略了支持长期使用抗生素来治愈 Lyme病的研究 (C)，有些小组成员在治疗和疫苗方面涉及经济利益 (A)，保险公司也有可能根据新的指导方针来拒绝支付治疗 Lyme病的费用 (D)。故 B为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第一段的第二句说他们来自一个在这一 问题上严重错误的政党，第三句紧接着说有太多的民主党人希望此事会自动消失。因此，可知南希佩洛西和查尔斯兰赫尔来自民主党。故 A为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第二段说明了克林顿支持全球化经济 (A)而其他民主党人对全球化经济所持的狭隘
47、、悲观和偏执的看法。第四段首句说民主党人害怕全球化经济和技术革新 (B)，因此会反对与中美洲国家的自由贸易 (D)。由此得出，民主党领导人与克林顿在全球化经济这一问题上观点不一。故 C为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 8 【正 确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第五段和第六段说明了民主党在对待贸易上的一些错误做法，如放慢贸易的速度 (A)，给贸易条约附加上劳动标准 (B)和环境标准 (D)，而不是帮助工人做好准备来面对竞争 (C)。故 C为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 9 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 在文章的最后两段，作者谈到了美国政府应如何解决贸易问题。例如，缓解人们对贸易的担忧 (A)，给工人提供再训练和教育课程 (B)，给失业工人提供医疗和养老金 (C)，而不是保护美国经济不受来自国外竞争的影响 (D)。故 D为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 10 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 在过去的 50年里，美国已实现了制造业的外包，但本国的经济没有受到任何影响 (A)。美国工人对变革的担忧来自医疗和养老金制度的不健全，如果想改变这种状况，就要改革医疗和养老金政策 (B)。第五段说明，世界范围的竞争使美国经济迅速发展 (D)。全文谈论的是民主党人对于自由贸易和国际竞争的态度，他们抱着狭隘、悲观和偏执的态度，而非开明的态度，故 B是错误的， C应为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读
