1、专业英语四级（听写听力）模拟试卷 78及答案与解析 一、 PART I DICTATION (15 MIN) Directions: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the pa
2、ssage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minute 专业英语四级（听写听力）模拟试卷 78答案与解析 一、 PART I DICTATION (15 MIN) Directions: Listen to
3、 the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals
4、 of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minute 1 【正确答案】 Space Junk Space junk, also known as space waste, / is objects in orbit around the earth created by humans that no longer serve any useful pur
5、pose. / They consist of everything from entire spent satellites / to explosion fragments, deliberate insertion of small needles, and many other objects. / As orbits often overlap, the space junk is a potential collision risk for spacecraft. / (?) The vast majority of pieces of space junk are small p
6、articles. / Contact with these particles causes erosive damage. / The majority of the damage can be eased by adding a thin layer of metal / outside of the main spacecraft body. / However, certain portions of many satellites cannot be protected in this way, / the solar panels and windows for instance
7、. / If a collision with larger pieces occurs, / many of the resulting fragments from the damaged spacecraft / will also be in the 1 kilogram mass range. / Consequently, these objects become an additional collision risk. 【知识模块】 听写 2 【正确 答案】 Summer Camp Summer camp is a supervised program for children
8、 / which is conducted usually during the summer months. / It is a regular part of childhood in the United States. / Camps can be for all ages. / The primary purpose of many camps is educational or for cultural development. / A summer camp may allow children to take healthy risks in a safe and nurtur
9、ing environment. / The traditional view of a summer camp as a woody place / where kids go hiking and boating and start camp fires is evolving. / Now people have greater acceptance of newer summer camps / that offer a wide variety of specialized activities. / For example, there are camps for magic pe
10、rforming, language learning and even weight loss. / Many camps add new programs to counter a trend in decreasing enrollment. / Smaller family sizes, the growth in supplemental educational programs / and the popularity of electronic media are the main causes of the decline in attractiveness of summer
11、 camps. / All of them have kept children inside and occupied. 【知识模块】 听写 3 【正确答案】 Illiteracy in Africa Illiteracy in Africa is at extremely high levels. /21 nations have adult literacy rates below 50% / and overall 4 of every 10 Africans are illiterate. / Achieving higher rates of literacy is a vital
12、 part of the effort to eradicate African poverty. / But the relationship between the two is complex, / because the effects of poverty are a major obstacle to literacy. / Given the widespread poverty, / few parents can afford to send their children to school. / Raising literacy rates depends on gover
13、nments making schools and programs for adult education available. / Some governments are making a real effort to improve literacy. / However, many government officials are either indifferent or corrupt, giving education a low priority, / or the government efforts are poorly organized and implemented
14、. / Non-governmental organizations can help, / but they must depend on local governments to step up and become a partner, / rather than an obstacle to progress. 【知识模块】 听写 4 【正确答案】 Experiential Learning Experiential learning is learning through reflection on doing. / It is the process of making meani
15、ng from direct experience. / Focusing on the learning process for the individual, / experiential learning engages the learner at a more personal level by addressing his or her needs and wants. / An example of experiential learning is going to the zoo. / The learning happens through observation and i
16、nteraction with the zoo environment, / as opposed to reading about animals from a book. / And thus, one makes discoveries and experiments with knowledge firsthand, / instead of hearing or reading about others experiences. / Experiential learning requires no teacher. / It relates solely to the meanin
17、g-making process of the individuals direct experience. / Knowledge is continuously gained through both personal and environmental experiences. / For the adult learner especially, experience becomes a living textbook to which they can refer. / However, experiences do not automatically equate learning
18、. / So qualities such as self-initiative and self-evaluation are required. 【知识模块】 听写 5 【正确答案】 Decision Making Human performance in terms of decision making has been the subject of active research from several perspectives. / From a psychological perspective, / it is necessary to examine individual d
19、ecisions in the context of a set of needs and preferences an individual has. / From an intellectual perspective, / the decision making process must be regarded as a continuous process / integrated in the interaction with the environment. / From a regulating perspective, / the analysis of individual
20、decisions is concerned with the logic of decision making / and rationality and the stable choice it leads to. / Yet, at another level, it might be regarded as a problem-solving activity / which is terminated when a satisfactory solution is found. / And therefore decision making is a reasoning or emotional process. / It can be based on explicit assumptions or tacit assumptions. / Logical decision making is an important part of all science-based professions. / Specialists apply their knowledge in a given area to making informed decisions. 【知识模块】 听写
