1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 10及答案与解析 0 Most people feel stress at some time in their lives. Some people like this pressure and work better because of it. Other people are not comfortable with any stress at all; they soon become unhappy if they feel stress. Sometimes stress can lead people to do things they would
2、nt usually do, such as overeat, smoke, drink, or use drugs. Stress, however, is a very normal part of life. It is important to understand that stress doesnt come from an event itself; that is from the things that are happening in our lives. It comes from the meaning we give to what has happened. For
3、 example, a crying baby may be stressful to one person, but it may not bother another person at all; a traffic jam may be stressful to one person while another person may be able to stay calm. We can experience stress any time we feel we dont have control. It can come from a feeling that we cant do
4、anything about a situation. Basically, it is the bodys way of showing anxiety or worry. Stress is not just caused by our mental or emotional condition. It is also influenced by how tired we are, whether we have a balanced diet with enough vitamins and minerals, whether we get enough physical exercis
5、es, and whether we are relaxed. The point at which stress becomes a problem changes from day to day, even for the same person. In some situations, if we are rested and feel good about ourselves, a little stress will not be a problem. In another situation, if we are tired or feel unsure about our abi
6、lities, even a small amount of stress can cause problems. For example, we might begin to worry about things that havent happened yet instead of working on things that are happening now. Or we might not feel able to find solutions to everyday problems. If we feel stressed, there are several things th
7、at we can do. First, we need to learn how to relax and breathe slowly and smoothly. We can also take some time out of our worried, busy schedule to notice the small things in life. Smell the air, look at the flowers, notice the small designs in the leaves on a tree these activities can do much to qu
8、iet us and to give ourselves a small break in a busy schedule. We need to take care of our bodies. Being tired makes it easier for us to get sick and to develop physical problems related to stress. We need to get enough rest, eat well, and do some regular exercise. Scientists have found that for our
9、 minds to think clearly, our bodies need to have certain vitamins and minerals; some of the most important vitamins are the B-complex vitamins. Doing regular exercise is also a physical way to let go of angry feelings or feelings of helplessness. Finally, we need to find what is causing the stress i
10、n our lives. Once we have found it, we need to begin to change that part of our lives. If we believe that we can control stress, we can begin to control our lives. Then we can start to use stress in a positive way. 1 The passage is mainly concerned with_. （ A） stress （ B） physical exercises （ C） die
11、ts （ D） anxiety 2 All the following statements are correct EXCEPT that_. （ A） whether we like it or not, stress is a normal part in our lives （ B） something stressful to one person may be nothing at all to another （ C） stress is something that we can hardly control because it appears almost everywhe
12、re in our lives （ D） whether stress causes problems or not mainly depends on how we feel about ourselves 3 Stress comes from_. （ A） the solution to problems （ B） the structure of our minds （ C） the event itself （ D） the meaning we give to what has happened 4 Which of the following is NOT among the s
13、olutions to stress provided by the passage? （ A） We need to take care of our bodies. （ B） We need to discuss it with a psychological doctor. （ C） We need to find what is causing the stress in our lives. （ D） We need to learn how to relax and breathe slowly and smoothly. 5 Which of the following is C
14、ORRECT according to the passage? （ A） The best way for us to avoid stress is to relax and breathe slowly and smoothly. （ B） Stress may easily cause some physical problems unless we take enough vitamins and minerals. （ C） Doing exercise is not helpful to release stress. （ D） Stress can be used positi
15、vely. 5 If you didnt know any better, you might mistake the Newark Earthworks in southern Ohio for the product of some giant heaven spirit who went crazy with an Etch A Sketch. The Earthworks are actually a series of huge geometric mounds that anthropologists believe were created two millennia ago b
16、y ancestors of Native Americans called the Hopewell people. The most significant feature still standing is known as the Octagon(八角广场 ), which has 550-foot-long earthen walls and a footprint big enough to hold four Roman Colosseums(古罗马的圆形大剧场 ). The structure is connected, via two parallel embankments
17、, to a perfect, 20-acre circle. Together the two shapes form a sophisticated astronomical observatory scientists have discovered that the structure is precisely aligned with the 18. 6-year lunar cycles northernmost moonrise. The residents of Newark will tell you that it is also precisely aligned wit
18、h the ninth fairway at the private Moundbuilders Country Club. The Earthworks are a National Historic Landmark, and they are under consideration for the UNESCO World Heritage list of cultural and natural wonders. But if you want to see them well, youre too late. During the golf season, everyone but
19、club members is kept out, except on four visiting days. Lets not condemn the club so fast. The club, which since 1910 has occupied the Octagon and covered all maintenance costs, is widely credited with preventing the place from being plowed under. The issue is how to accommodate nonmem-bers who want
20、 more access, especially for Native American ceremonial purposes. Most visitors end up seeing only a tiny part of the Octagon from a small observation deck. Or they can follow the asphalt cart path that winds past the swimming pool, an old tennis court, and a parking lot to reach a chain-link fence
21、through which, off in the distance, they can glimpse the loaf-shaped mound known as the Observatory. Several years ago the financially strapped Ohio Historical Society, which owns the Earthworks, extended the clubs lease until 2078. If the World Heritage site nomination goes through, tourism would u
22、ndoubtedly jump. That would certainly put more pressure on the club and historical society. One frequently suggested scenario is for the federal government to buy out the club and turn the Newark Earthworks into a national park. Some people simply refuse to be intimidated by men wearing spiky(尖的 )sh
23、oes and pastel(淡色的 )shirts. Cherokee elder Barbara Crandell has climbed the Observatory to pray for more than two decades but not once, the octogenarian is proud to point out, when the golf course has dictated. She goes when her heart calls. A few years ago, after Crandell , with the aid of a cane,
24、made her way to the top, club officials showed up and asked her to leave. When she refused, she was arrested and later convicted of trespassing. Friends raised money and paid off her $883 fine and court costs in Sacagawea dollar coins. 6 According to the first paragraph, the Newark Earthworks are_.
25、（ A） the product of some giant celestial spirit who went crazy with an Etch A Sketch （ B） a series of huge geometric mounds that the Hopewell people created two millennia ago （ C） the Octagon and a perfect 20-acre circle which it is connected to （ D） the structure that is precisely aligned with the
26、18. 6-year lunar cycles northernmost moonrise 7 The authors view about the golf club is that it_. （ A） makes contributions to prevent the place from being plowed under （ B） should be blamed because the non-members are kept out of the Earthworks （ C） should allow the non-members to see the place duri
27、ng the golf season （ D） should be bought out by the federal government and turned into a national park 8 According to Paragraph 3, the following claims are correct EXCEPT that_. （ A） most visitors can see only a tiny part of the Octagon （ B） the loaf-shaped mound is far from the chain-link fence （ C
28、） it would put more pressure on the club if the nomination goes through （ D） the only way to protect the place is that the government buys out the club 9 Why was the octogenarian Barbara Crandell arrested? （ A） Because she refused to be intimidated by men wearing spiky shoes and pastel shirts. （ B）
29、Because she has climbed the Observatory to pray for more than two decades. （ C） Because she refused to leave the top of the Observatory when the club officials showed up. （ D） Because she made her way to the top and stayed there for a long time, unwilling to leave. 10 It can be inferred from the pas
30、sage that_. （ A） the Octagon is four times bigger than Roman Colosseums （ B） the Earthworks have got the nomination for the UNESCO World Heritage List （ C） the club, instead of the Ohio Historical Society, owns the Earthworks several years ago （ D） people who want more access to the Earthworks are a
31、lways intimidated by the club officials 10 Artists over the centuries have chosen all sorts of seemingly unusual things with which to create their art, from ground-up roots, soils and foods to blood and even urine, as Andy Warhol so infamously proved. For Matthew Lew, the chosen medium is wine. And
32、his reason for taking the unexpected step is identical to that given by many when asked why they love drinking wine: its terroir. Terroir is the French word for soil, but it means so much more than that. Terroir is a uniqueness rooted in a sense of a place. Thats important to Lew, who began a few ye
33、ars ago to use wines made around the world to link his work with specific geographical areas. “ It gives a different essence to the piece, “ the Chicago artist explained. A just completed painting, a Tuscan landscape, used two Italian wines, a 2005 Fresco-baldi Nipozzano Chianti Riserva, and a spark
34、ling non-vintage Canella Prosecco di Conegli-ano. His works are colorful, contemporary, expressive and often bold. Themes range from Buddhas and cityscapes to elegant abstracts. Usually, hell mix in a clients favorite wine to give a commissioned piece a special significance. Lew is usually more inte
35、rested in where the wine comes from than how it tastes. That explains the bottle of brownish Cana Wedding Wine, with a label that boasts its “a souvenir from the Holy Land, “ in his art supply cabinet. He also collects waters from around the world, many of them gifts from friends, to use in his pain
36、tings. Lew paints a lot with Rioja, Spanish red, because he lived for three years in Basque country before moving to Chicago five years ago. The artist really doesnt use the wine “raw“. Instead, he mixes the wine into acrylic paints. Stirring in wine results in a richer effect and a watercolor-like
37、texture, he said. “ White wines tend to be a bit more subdued, and I use more paint with them to get a richer tone, “ Lew said. “What is great, too, is mixing in a bubbly, like a rose. It gives the paint a really great texture and has a pink tone that stands out better than the white wine. The wine
38、adds an element of unpredictability too. Hes not always sure what the final color will be. “You never really know whats going to happen, “ he said. “Usually it will not let you down. The wine Lew paints with is not necessarily the wine he drinks. He likes pinot grigio in the glass, especially Santa
39、Margherita from Italy, but chardonnay on the tip of his paint brush. “Chardonnay has a yellowish tone to it which brings out more of a golden color, while pinot grigio is lighter, I would use it if I wanted something light and creamy, “ he said. Lew likes wine, but hed rather enjoy a vodka and soda.
40、 There were only two wine bottles on hand during a recent visit, both Californian, a 1999 merlot from Stags Leap Wine Cellars and a shiraz from Barefoot Cellars. Ultimately, he said, theres no wine too uncool to paint with. 11 Which of the following is INCORRECT about the wines Lew uses? （ A） The wi
41、nes he uses will often satisfy his customers demand. （ B） Without wines, his painting may be duller than present. （ C） The uncertainty of wine added will ruin his paintings. （ D） The wine he drinks may not be used to paint. 12 If Lew wants to paint a sunset, he should use_. （ A） white wine （ B） bubb
42、ly （ C） chardonnay （ D） pinot grigio 13 It can be inferred from the passage that Lew drinks _least frequently recently. （ A） pinot grigio （ B） chardonnay （ C） merlot （ D） vodka 14 According to Lews opinion about wine, which of the following is CORRECT? （ A） Every kind of wine can be used for paintin
43、g. （ B） Flavor of a wine plays the most important role. （ C） White wine can be used alone for painting. （ D） Pinot grigio is more enjoyable than Coca Cola. 15 How does the author feel about Lews painting method? （ A） Vague. （ B） Critical. （ C） Skeptical. （ D） Favourable. 15 From heat-haze and summer
44、 smog to outsize hailstones and flash floods: more topsyturvy weather is on the way, Britains forecasters say. Air pollution has been worsening because the current heatwave had reached potentially harmful levels yesterday in a number of locations across the country, especially in the South and East.
45、 Severe thunderstorms are likely in some places today, with torrential rain and even an outside chance of tornadoes. The weather may play havoc with the tennis at Wimbledon and the Glastonbury Festival, but the sun is likely to return tomorrow. Summer smog was a hazard in some areas for people with
46、breathing difficulties yesterday, caused by a photochemical reaction which happens when sunlight acts on traffic fumes to produce a large amount of low-level ozone. When mixed with particulates tiny particles of pollution from chimneys and diesel exhausts the result is a brown haze that can cause se
47、vere problems for people with heart and lung disease. The government issued an official smog alert and Ben Bradshaw, the Environment minister, warned anyone vulnerable to take special care. “We can all help to reduce the current high levels of pollutants by avoiding unnecessary car journeys by walki
48、ng, cycling and taking public transport instead. Air pollution is something that can affect human health. During the 2003 heatwave, it was estimated, on the basis of previous work, that up to 800 premature deaths may have occurred as a result of the poor air quality. Fortunately, such episodes are b
49、ecoming less frequent and severe due to large reductions in pollution from vehicles and industry following tighter regulation in the last few decades. “ The National Society for Clean Air(NSCA)added another precautionary note: in times of air pollution, go easy on the barbecue. “ We dont want to be killjoys, “ said Tim Brown, NSCA deputy secretary. “ Barbecues are part of the fun of hot weather. But we are all responsible for pollution, and can all avoid making things worse, so, before igniting the coals, che
