1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 112及答案与解析 一、 SECTION A In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 People traveling long distances frequently have to
2、 decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. Hardly can anyone positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on me rails soon lulls y
3、ou to doze. During the day, sleep comes in snatches. At night, when you really wish to go to sleep you rarely manage to do so. Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted. Long car journey are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least,
4、 travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on narrow, bumpy roads which are crowded with traffic. By comparison, trips by sea offer a great variety of civilized comforts. You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, swim, m
5、eet interesting people and enjoy good food always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm. If it is not, and you are likely to get seasick; no form of transport could be worse. Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice up to
6、 a third of their holidays for the pleasure of traveling on a ship. Airplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and expensive. But nothing can match them for speed and comfort. Traveling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experienc
7、e. For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. The real escapist can watch a free film show and sip champagne on some services. But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occupied. An airplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view
8、 of the world. You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from the view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear
9、 sky. The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled. 1 What can we learn about the long distance journey by car? （ A） It is safe because the
10、 car usually goes at high speeds. （ B） It is monotonous because reading is quite impossible. （ C） It is exhausting because you seldom manage to sleep. （ D） It is dangerous because the traffic is always too dense. 2 What is the greatest difference between traveling by air and the other means of trave
11、ling? （ A） Traveling by air is not so tiring as the others. （ B） Traveling by air brings more fun than the others. （ C） Traveling by air is much more expensive than the others. （ D） Traveling by air offers more time for sleep than the others. 3 By writing the passage, the author intends to _. （ A） i
12、ntroduce diverse ways of traveling （ B） points out the best mode of traveling （ C） emphasize the advantages of traveling by air （ D） compare the means of relaxing when traveling 3 European countries have been carefully watching me violence that exploded across France, worried that their vehicles and
13、 buildings may be the next to burn. For decades, countries across the region have been trying to integrate waves of immigrants and their offspring, none of them completely successfully. From Paris, Lisa Bryant has more on Europes integration struggle, and the possibility that unrest in France may sp
14、read. The images of smoldering cars and destroyed buildings in France have made the front pages of newspapers from Brussels to Berlin, ever since the violence exploded two weeks ago from the Paris-area suburb of Clichy-sous-Bois. As clashes and arson attacks, largely staged by young people of Africa
15、n and North African descent, spread to other parts of France, many Europeans have come to the conclusion that Frances integration model has failed. But as France goes up in flames, some fear other parts of Europe may be the next to burn. Earlier this week, Belgium and Germany reported copycat arson
16、attacks in their countries. But immigration experts, like Han Entzinger, doubts the unrest still roiling France will spread to other parts of Europe. At least not right now. “Of course this is a question which is preoccupying people all over Europe, but I still think the likelihood is not really ver
17、y great,“ said Mr. Entzinger. “One should never say never, but the situation in France on immigration and integration in particular is rather different from the situation in other European countries.“ Over the years, European countries have adopted radically different approaches to integrating the f
18、oreigners in their midst. Until recently, Germany and Austria embraced a guest-worker policy, based on the idea their immigrants were temporary laborers who would eventually go home. Britains immigration policy has championed multiculturalism, and offered affirmative-action programs to give minoriti
19、es a leg up. Hugo Brady is an immigration expert at the Center for European Reform, in London. Like their integration policies, he says, the problems European countries face in assimilating foreigners are different as well. “While there may be regional trends within the EU, theres not one common pro
20、blem regarding the integration of immigrants. The Euro-Med area like Spain, south of France, Greece have their own particular problems of immigration for areas such as Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya,“ said Mr. Brady. And some countries, including Spain and Italy, are relative newcomers at integrat
21、ing large waves of immigrants. Until now, France promoted a theoretically colorblind integration creed. The idea: All French citizens are equal, regardless of their color, religion or ethnic origin. But the last two weeks of riots has exposed deep social inequalities between immigrants and their chi
22、ldren and those of ethnic French origin. But no European integration policy has proved entirely successful. Even Britain, which analysts say has a largely positive legacy of integrating foreigners, is no stranger to unrest, says Danielle Joly. Ms. Joly is director of the Center for Research on Ethni
23、c Relations at the University of Warwick in England. “The kind of violence they were witnessing in France we already saw 20 years ago in Britain, in the 80s,“ said Ms. Joly. “There were disturbances rampaging through all the main British cities in the 80s 81, 82, 85. And I would have said that the u
24、nderpinnings were very similar to the violence in France at the moment.“ Those underpinnings include high unemployment and poverty levels in immigrant communities, under-achievement at school and at work, and widespread racial discrimination. The British government responded to those riots by fully
25、implementing a tough race relations act that had been drafted a few years before. It set up a body to monitor racial discrimination. Today, Ms. Joly says, many immigrants and their children participate in neighborhood associations and in politics. But Ms. Joly, who is of French origin, believes that
26、 Britain is no model for France. “The issue is that France and Britain, the general societies, are so very different. Britain is a community of communities. It is the United Kingdom. The recognition of difference and of ethnicity is not a problem in Britain, because its part of a tradition,“ she not
27、ed. 4 For decades, European countries have hoped that the immigrant problems could be solved by _. （ A） unifying the various ethnic groups （ B） respecting the distinctive culture of immigrants （ C） improving education in immigrant and their offspring （ D） providing equal social welfare for different
28、 ethnic groups 5 Han Entzinger points out that other countries _. （ A） will not get involved in the violence （ B） dont have to worry about the unrest （ C） have different integration models from France （ D） should give up their present immigration rules 6 What does Danielle Joly think of the race rel
29、ations act in Britain? （ A） It can serve as a successful example for France. （ B） It is being satisfactorily carried out. （ C） It is not completely suitable for Britain. （ D） It is quite ineffective in erasing racial discrimination. 6 Hawaiis native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereig
30、nty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelagos political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea. The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaiis n
31、ative peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 per cent of the states homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy. B
32、ut a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaiis first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to reestablish a sovereign Hawaiian nation. However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their
33、 demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the state as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs(OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives interests and which has now become the mod
34、erate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US. But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state au
35、thorities only count as native those people with more than 50 per cent Hawaiian blood. Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most oppos
36、ition from the state authorities. In 1993, the state government paid the OHA US$ 136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this. 7 Which of the following
37、 statements is true of the Hawaiian natives? （ A） Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed. （ B） Their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans. （ C） Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii. （ D） They are the only native group without sovereignty. 8 Various
38、native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT _. （ A） a greater autonomy within the state （ B） more back rent on the crown land （ C） a claim on the Hawaiian crown land （ D） full independence from the US 8 I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we would prefer
39、 to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself that if it werent for my job I would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in me country. But how realistic is the dream? Cities can be frigh
40、tening places. The majority of the population live in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky, or other blocks of flats. Children become aggressive and nervous
41、-cooped up at home all day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world. Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks dont even say hello to each other. Country life, on the
42、 other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. People have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is tru
43、e that you may be among friends in a village, it is also true that you are cut off from the exciting and important events that take place in cities. Theres little possibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary y
44、ou have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-dweller who leaves for the country is often oppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness and quiet. What, then, is the answer? The country has the advantage of peace and quiet, but suffers from the disadvantage of being cut off; the
45、city breeds a feeling of isolation, and constant noise batters the senses. But one of its main advantages is that you are at the centre of things, and that life doesnt come to an end at half-past nine at night. Some people have found(or rather bought)a compromise between the two: they have expressed
46、 their preference for the “quiet life “by leaving the suburbs and moving to villages within commuting distance of large cities. They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behind they are polluted with strange ideas about change and improvement which they force on
47、 to the unwilling original inhabitants of the villages. What then of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate and murmuring “morning“ to the locals as they pass by. Im keen on the idea, but you see theres my cat, Toby. Im not at all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the lon
48、g grass. I mean, can you see him mixing with all those hearty males down the farm? No, he would rather have the electric imitation-coal fire any evening. 9 In the authors opinion, the following may cause city people to be unhappy EXCEPT _. （ A） a strong sense of fear （ B） lack of communication （ C）
49、housing conditions （ D） a sense of isolation 10 According to the passage, which of the following adjectives best describes those people who work in large cities and live in villages? （ A） Original. （ B） Quiet. （ C） Arrogant. （ D） Insensitive. 11 Do you think the author will move to the country? （ A） Yes, he will do so. （ B） No, he will not do so. （ C） It is difficult to tell. （ D） He is in two minds. 二、 SECTION B In this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with
