1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 118及答案与解析 一、 SECTION A In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles o
2、f the earths surface. But earthquakes can and do occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run as high as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary
3、much. In comparison with the total number of earthquakes each year, the number of disastrous earthquakes is very small. The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a toy house with an Erector set, it will still stand no matter how much you shake the ta
4、ble. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthquake in Agadir, Morocco, was not strong enough to be recorded on distant instruments, but it completely destroyed the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done comparatively little damage.
5、 If a building is well constructed and built on solid ground, it will resist an earthquake. Most deaths in earthquakes have been due to faulty building construction or poor building sites. A third and very serious factor is panic. When people rush out into narrow streets, more deaths will result. Th
6、e United Nations has played an important part in reducing the damage done by earthquakes. It has sent a team of experts to all countries known to be affected by earthquakes. Working with local geologists and engineers, the experts have studied the nature of the ground and the type of most practical
7、building code for the local area. If followed, these suggestions will make disastrous earthquakes almost a thing of the past. There is one type of earthquake disaster that little can be done about. This is the disaster caused by seismic sea waves, or tsunamis.(These are often called tidal waves, but
8、 the name is incorrect. They have nothing to do with tides.)In certain areas, earthquakes take place beneath the sea. These submarine earthquakes sometimes give rise to seismic sea waves. The waves are not noticeable out at sea because of their long wave length. But when they roll into harbours, the
9、y pile up into walls of water 6 to 60 feet high. The Japanese call them “tsunamis“, meaning “harbour waves“, because they reach a sizable height only in harbours. Tsunamis travel fairly slowly, at speeds up to 500 miles an hour. An adequate warning system is in use to warn all shores likely to be re
10、ached by the waves. But this only enables people to leave the threatened shores for higher ground. There is no way to stop the oncoming wave. 1 Which of the following Can Not be concluded from the passage? （ A） The number of earthquakes is closely related to depth. （ B） Roughly the same number of ea
11、rthquakes occur each year. （ C） Earthquakes are impossible at depths over 460 miles. （ D） Earthquakes are most likely to occur near the surfaces. 2 The United Nations experts are supposed to _. （ A） construct strong buildings （ B） put forward proposals （ C） detect disastrous earthquakes （ D） monitor
12、 earthquakes 3 The significance of the slow speed of tsunamis is that people may _. （ A） notice them out at sea （ B） find ways to stop them （ C） be warned early enough （ D） develop warning systems 3 Cancer of the lung is still the leading cause of cancer death in men and women worldwide, and althoug
13、h its incidence in men may be falling in the UK, in much of the world it is rising in both sexes. The first cigarettes had been rolled by soldiers in the Turkish-Egyptian war more than 90 years before the first of the two world wars that popularized smoking. Between 1938 and 1948 lung cancer increas
14、ed five times faster than other cancers, but these statistics were no match for the impact of Hollywood stars smoking in films. By this time women were smoking almost as much as men. There are two main types of lung cancer, determined by the type of cell involvedsmall cell and non-small cell lung ca
15、ncer. Around 75% of cases are of the non-small cell variety, the standard small cell lung cancers account for 20% and a few rarer types of lung cancer complete the balance. About 90% of all lung cancer cases can be attributed to smoking. The outcome is still not good. The five-year survival rate in
16、those with lung cancer is approximately 15%. Depending on the type of cancer, surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy may be used, but if the cancer has not spread, the first line of treatment is usually surgery. If the tumor has spread, either radiotherapy, chemotherapy or both may be used, sometimes
17、 in combination. The choice of treatment will depend on the type of cell forming the cancer and the extent of its growth. Advanced non-small cell cancer is usually treated with chemotherapy and in these cases radiotherapy is used for symptomatic treatment. Likewise in small cell cancer, which has us
18、ually spread beyond the original site at diagnosis so that surgery is unlikely to be used and the mainstay of treatment is chemotherapy and radiation. 4 In the second paragraph, why is the outcome said to be “still not good“? （ A） Because there is still about 90% of all lung cancer cases resulting f
19、rom smoking now. （ B） Because cigarette leads to small cell as well as non-small cell lung cancer. （ C） Because only 15% of lung cancer sufferers can live for 5 years. （ D） A few rarer types of lung cancer are still beyond curability. 5 What is NOT true about the treatment of cancer? （ A） How to tre
20、at patients merely rests on the type of cell forming the cancer. （ B） Radiotherapy can hardly address advanced non-small cell cancer virtually. （ C） Both radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be used to treat small cell cancer. （ D） Surgery is unlikely to be used in the treatment of advanced small cell
21、cancer. 6 The authors attitude towards smoking is _. （ A） pessimistic （ B） worried （ C） positive （ D） impersonal 6 Locusts, which can consume their own weight in food each day, have a large neuron called the locust giant movement detector(LGMD)located behind their eyes. The LGMD releases bursts of e
22、nergy whenever a locust is on a collision course with another locust or a predatory bird. A few years ago Rind and her colleagues studied the activity of the LGMD as locusts watched action scenes from the movie Star Wars. The team found that the LGMD releases more energy when something is coming dir
23、ectly at the locust. These spikes of energy, called action potentials, prompt the locusts to take evasive action. The entire process from motion detection to reaction takes about 45 milliseconds or 45 thousandths of a second. “Locusts, like most insects, can see many more images per second than we d
24、o. This means they can react in time to things that are approaching very rapidly and so make their escape before collision,“ Rind said. The locusts ability to see many more images per second than humans gives them a remarkable view of the world. For humans, it would be like watching everything go by
25、 in slow motion, Rind added. And because the insects only detect things that are on a collision course with them, the locusts are ignorant of all other movements. Its a particularly useful trait, as the locusts travel in dense swarms akin to rush hour traffic. “The LGMD system is complemented by the
26、 brain of the locust, which provides the necessary experience and knowledge to really react according to the situation,“ said Jorge Cuadri, a project engineer with Spains National Centre of Microelectronics. Cuadri is helping to develop the circuitry(电路装置 )for the locust-inspired crash avoidance tec
27、hnology. Cuadri and his colleagues are responsible for adapting the locust collision-avoidance system to the automotive environment. Their adapted system is based on a single, integrated step that combines visual optics and electronics. The conventional way of doing this would involve two steps: Fir
28、st, a camera would capture the image. Second, a digital processor would analyze it. The two-step approach, which uses radar images, is expensive and currently limited only to luxury cars, Rind said. 7 What would immediately happen if human beings were endowed with the power to see a good many images
29、 in quite a short instant? （ A） Every movement would become so easily observable that it is just like in slow motion. （ B） Human beings would be ignorant of all other movements except things that are on a crash route with them. （ C） Everything around would pass by at a lower speed. （ D） Human beings
30、 would be very sensitive to those cars that are about to bump. 8 What kind of fields is covered when Cuadri adapts the locust collision-avoidance system to the automotive environment? （ A） Visual optics and electrics. （ B） Electronics and visual optics. （ C） Visual optics and electronics. （ D） Physi
31、cs and chemistry. 9 The passage will most probably be followed by a discussion of_. （ A） how to decrease the price of this adapted system （ B） how to derive new methods from other insects （ C） what problems researchers would face and the future development of crash-avoidance circuitry （ D） the furth
32、er analysis of LGMD 9 Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer-literate“, in other words, to learn to understand computers and what makes them tick. Not all experts agree, however, that this is a good idea. One pioneer, in particular, who disagrees is David Tebb
33、utt, the founder of Comput-ertown UK Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to the people and make mem “people-literate“. Da
34、vid first got the idea when he visited one of Americas best-known computer “guru“ figure, Bob Albrecht, in the small university town of Palo Alto in Northern California. Albrecht had started a project called Computertown USA in the local library, and the local children used to call round every Wedne
35、sday to borrow some time on the computers there, instead of borrowing library books. Albrecht was always on hand to answer any questions and to help the children discover about computers in their own way. Over here, in Britain, Computertowns have taken off in a big way, and there are now about 40 sc
36、attered over the country. David Tebbutt thinks they are most successful when tied to a computer club. He insists there is a vast and important difference between the two, although they complement each other. The clubs cater for the enthusiasts, with some computer knowledge already, who get together
37、and eventually form an expert computer group. This frightens away non-experts, who are happier going to Computertowns where there are computers available for them to experiment on, with experts available to encourage them and answer any questions; they are not told what to do, they find out. David T
38、ebbutt finds it interesting to see the two different approaches working side by side. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers, but have to be able to explain the answers to the questions that people really want to know. In some Computertowns there are question sessions,
39、 rather like radio phone-ins, where the experts listen to a lot of questions and then try to work out some structure to answer them. People are not having to learn computer jargons, but the experts are having to translate computer mysteries into easily understood terms; the computers are becoming “p
40、eople-literate“. 10 According to David Tebbutt, the purpose of Computertown UK is to _. （ A） train people to understand how computers work （ B） make more computers available to people （ C） enable more people to fix computers themselves （ D） help people find out more about computers 11 By saying “Com
41、putertowns have taken off in a big way“, the author means to say that （ A） the U.K. Computertowns differ greatly from the U.S. counterparts. （ B） it is not easy to promote Computertowns in U.K. （ C） there is still a long way to go for Computertowns. （ D） the U.K. Computertowns have been developing o
42、n a large scale 12 Which of the following is NOT an advantage of Computertowns? （ A） Experts give lectures and talks on computers: （ B） Experts are on hand to answer peoples questions. （ C） People are left to discover computers on their own. （ D） There are computers around for people to practise on.
43、 二、 SECTION B In this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words in the space provided. 13 What is the factor that is related to the extent of the damage of an earthquake, as it is exemplified by the earthquake i
44、n Agadir, Morocco? 14 When was the beginning of the popularization of smoking? 15 What energy does “action potentials“ refer to? 16 What kind of people is expected by David Tebbutt to go to the U.K. Computertowns? 专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 118答案与解析 一、 SECTION A In this section there are several passages follow
45、ed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据第 1段的第 3句可以排除 A；根据第 1段的第 5句可排除 B；根据第 1段的第 1句可排除 D。根据第 1段的第 2句可确定 C的内容不符合文章内容，所以本题选 C。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 B 【试
46、题解析】 第 3段的最后两句提 到，联合国的专家们与当地的地质学家和工程师们一起研究地质，提出最适合当地情况的建筑标准。如果他们的建议得到采纳，将非常有效地避免地震带来的危害。最后一句中的 “suggestions”指的就是专家们的建议，所以 B(提出建议 )正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 文章最后一段提到，由于海啸移动比较缓慢， (警报系统 )让人们得以离开受海啸威胁的地区并转移到高地上去，所以 C为正确选项。此题容易误选D，海啸移动缓慢，使人们得以利用警报系统提前预报，但警报系统的开发本身并不是海啸 移动缓慢的意义所在，所以 D不正确。 【知识模块】 阅读
47、【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题需结合上下文理解。第 2段 The outcome is still not good后说到肺癌患者能存活 5年的几率为 15，可见肺癌的死亡率非常高，这正是 “结果不好 ”的原因。 C所述与第 2段末句相符，故为答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 A中的 merely rests on与最后一段第 1句中 depend onand 相悖，故为正 确答案。该段倒数第 2句中的 radiotherapy is used for symptomatic treatment说明放射疗法在这种情况下只是一种 “对症
48、疗法 ”，治标不治本， B与之意思一致；由文章最后一句可知晚期的 small sell cancer不可用 surgery的方法治疗，主流的方法是 the motheray和 radiation，故可确定 C、 D均与文意相符。 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第 2段作者讲到 90的肺癌归于吸烟，第 3句的 The outcome is still not good以及对肺癌死亡率高的描述，根据这些可以看出作者对于吸烟的态度是 “担忧的 ”，因此选 B。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 题干中的假设与蝗虫具有的能力一致 (蝗
49、虫每秒钟看到的图像比人类要多许多 )，第 5段最后一句说到，蝗虫的这种能力在人类身上 (For humans )，就好比我们在看慢镜头一样，故 A正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据题干中的 the locust collision-avoidance system to the automotive environment可快速定位至第 8、 9段。第 9段首中的 Their adapted system就是指代第 8段中的 collisionavoidance system，故由第 9段首句可以直接得出答案为 visual optics and electronics，即 C。 【知识模块】 阅读 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 文章最后几段讲到人类要将蝗虫的 LGMD应用到日常生活中，并讲述其原理，最后提出这个系 统带来的问题之一，即该系统价格昂贵。由此可以推测，下文很可能会继续就开发这一系统遇到的问题和该系统的发展前景展开讨论，因此选 C。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 10 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 文中第 2段最后一句说，电脑城的建立原因是 “使电脑向人靠拢，使电脑理解人 ”。文章最后又
