1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 132及答案与解析 一、 SECTION A In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 (1)The poor old consumer! Hed have to pay a great
2、deal more if advertising didnt create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of
3、 the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regard
4、ing performance, price, etc., from an advertisement. (2)Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper
5、 would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway bylaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely-printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper fu
6、ll of the daily ration of calamities. (3)We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy
7、 so many broadcast programs is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price! (4)Another thing we mustnt forget is the “small ads“, which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they pe
8、rform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the “hatch, match and dispatch“ column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal
9、or “agony“ column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. Its the best advertisement for advertising there is! 1 We are different from the old consumers in that_. （ A） we have cheap goods because of heavy advertising （ B） we k
10、now to inform is one of the functions of advertising （ C） we have much knowledge about household goods （ D） we believe the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods 2 The railway bylaws most probably refer to_. （ A） newspapers published by railway company （ B） lengthy regulations of the railway c
11、ompany （ C） boring advertisements about useless products （ D） cheerful and witty advertisements on the station 2 (1)Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the weare
12、rs background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook. (2)Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate peoples impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An e
13、lderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the persons education, background, or interests. (3)People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls wh
14、o wear certain outfits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view the
15、mselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps y
16、ou have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview or a court appearance. (4)In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business
17、 world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine“ and“feminine“ attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for ma
18、nagerial positions when the women display less “feminine“ grooming shorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she wont get a job.“ 3 The author believes that we can u
19、se clothes to _. （ A） lead others to believe we are who we appear to be （ B） make a correct judgment on peoples personalities （ C） improve our social status （ D） influence peoples mood 4 It is commonly agreed that _. （ A） newscasters should be conservative （ B） college students play an active role i
20、n interpersonal relationships （ C） clothes enables people to be confident （ D） job interviews and court appearances are stressful situations 4 (1)Current poll numbers indicate Obama has a chance at winning the Democratic presidential nomination, and would be a serious contender in the November gener
21、al election. Throughout his campaign, the senator has insisted that his race is irrelevant to his bid for the White House. Hoover Institution senior fellow and prize-winning author Shelby Steele disagrees. Steele says that despite Obama supporters assertions that race does not matter, it is at the v
22、ery core of his candidacy. “Obamas campaign pretends to transcend race,“ Steele says, “but the paradox is that his campaign is all about race and very little else.“ (2)Acqording to Steele, the United States has not eradicated the twin specters of racism and “white guilt“ over slavery. Steele contend
23、s that, despite outward appearances of competence and prominence, most African-Americans who have found success in mainstream America politicians in particular have adopted one of two “masks“: that of the bargainer or that of a challenger. Steele has declared Obama a “bargainer,“ someone who, to gai
24、n acceptance from whites, is willing to avoid addressing Americas history of racism. “Challengers,“ such as Jackson and Sharpton, obtain power by wielding racial stigma to elicit guilt from whites. The confrontational style of challengers, as evidenced by Jacksons and Sharptons failed campaigns, ten
25、ds to alienate most mainstream voters. (3)Steele posits that adopting such masks prevents minorities from evolving an “individual self.“ Steele believes the major challenge facing minorities today is not to concede to predetermined racial roles but rather to “achieve visibility as an individual.“ (4
26、)Hoover senior fellow Victor Davis Hanson believes that politicians who continually dig up past recriminations to excuse or explain away their own arguably racist attitudes and behaviors are missing “yet another opportunity to talk honestly about race, to hold all Americans to the same standards of
27、public ethics and morality, and to emphasize that no one gets a pass peddling vulgar racism.“ (5)Likewise, Hoover senior fellow Thomas Sowell contends that politicians who allege racism and inequality to be the root cause for every perceived social injustice actually end up promoting division and ho
28、pelessness among their constituents. “Why,“ Sowell asks, “should young blacks be expected to work to meet educational standards, or even behavioral standards, if they believe the message that all their problems are caused by whites, that the deck is stacked against them?“ 5 According to Shelby Steel
29、e, Obamas campaign _. （ A） shows much respect to the blacks as a race （ B） advocates anti-racism as his guideline （ C） takes advantage of his being black （ D） pretends to support anti-racism 6 Most mainstream voters tend to _. （ A） shun the history of racism （ B） uphold “white guilt“ over slavery （
30、C） disagree with Shelby Steeles findings （ D） elect a competent and prominent candidate 7 Thomas Sowell most probably agrees that _. （ A） racism is the cause of every social injustice （ B） blacks should not attribute their problems to whites （ C） blacks dont have to meet the educational standards （
31、D） the voters will become divided and hopeless 7 (1)Men and women approach problems with similar goals but with different considerations. While men and women can solve problems equally well, their approach and their process are often quite different. For most women, sharing and discussing a problem
32、presents an opportunity to explore, deepen or strengthen the relationship with the person they are talking with. Women are usually more concerned about how problems are solved than merely solving the problem itself. For women, solving a problem can profoundly impact whether they feel closer and less
33、 alone or whether they feel distant and less connected. The process of solving a problem can strengthen or weaken a relationship. Most men are less concerned and do not feel the same as women when solving a problem. (2)Men approach problems in a very different manner than women. For most men, solvin
34、g a problem presents an opportunity to demonstrate their competence, their strength of resolve, and their commitment to a relationship. How the problem is solved is not nearly as important as solving it effectively and in the best possible manner. Men have a tendency to dominate and to assume author
35、ity in a problem solving process. They set a-side their feelings provided the dominance hierarchy was agreed upon in advance and respected. They are often distracted and do not attend well to the quality of the relationship while solving problems. (3)Some of the more important differences can be ill
36、ustrated by observing groups of young teenage boys and groups of young teenage girls when they attempt to find their way out of a maze. A group of boys generally establish a hierarchy or chain of command with a leader who emerges on his own or through demonstrations of ability and power. Boys explor
37、e the maze using scouts while remaining in distant proximity to each other. Groups of girls tend to explore the maze together as a group without establishing a clear or dominant leader. Relationships tend to be co-equal. Girls tend to elicit discussion and employ “collective intelligence“ to the tas
38、k of discovering a way out. Girls tend to work their way through the maze as a group. Boys tend to search and explore using structured links and a chain of command. (4)While men and women can reach similar conclusions and make similar decisions, the process they use can be quit different and in some
39、 cases can lead to entirely different outcomes. In general, men and women consider and process information differently. (5)Women tend to be intuitive global thinkers. They consider multiple sources of information within a process that can be described as simultaneous, global in perspective and will
40、view elements in the task in terms of their interconnectedness. Women come to understand and consider problems all at once. They take a broad or “collective“ perspective, and they view elements in a task as interconnected and interdependent. Women are prone to become overwhelmed with complexities th
41、at “exist“, or may exist, and may have difficulty separating their personal experience from problems. (6)Men tend to focus on one problem at a time or a limited number of problems at a time. They have an enhanced ability to separate themselves from problems and minimize the complexity that may exist
42、. Men come to understand and consider problems one piece at a time. They take a linear or sequential perspective, and view elements in a task as less interconnected and more independent. Men are prone to minimize and fail to appreciate subtleties that can be crucial to successful solutions. A male m
43、ay work through a problem repeatedly, talking about the same thing over and over, rather than trying to address the problem all at once. (7)While there are differences in the ways that men and women think, it must be emphasized that they can and do solve problems in a similar manner. There are no ab
44、solutes, only tendencies. 8 When solving a problem, women are more concerned about _ than men are. （ A） the result （ B） its course （ C） the relationship （ D） its influence 9 Which of the following are men most likely to disregard when solving a problem? （ A） The efficiency. （ B） The methodology. （ C
45、） The dominance hierarchy. （ D） The relationship. 10 “Scouts“ can be best described as _. （ A） boys who are dispatched from the group to gather information （ B） boys who rank comparatively low in the hierarchy （ C） tools which can indicate directions precisely （ D） tools which are convenient for the
46、 groups communication 二、 SECTION B In this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words in the space provided. 11 PASSAGE ONE 11 What is the main function of the small ads? 11 PASSAGE TWO 12 Who tend to have a bett
47、er-defined dress code in the workplace? 13 Whats male interviewers impression on less feminine women interviewees? 14 PASSAGE THREE 14 What issue is closely related to politics in this passage? 15 PASSAGE FOUR 15 From the viewpoint of women, what can be influenced by the process of solving a problem
48、? 专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 132答案与解析 一、 SECTION A In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第 1段首句提出 “以前的顾客很可怜 ”的观点
49、，第 2句和第 3句解释了作者提出这个观点的原因， A的内容与第 3句相同，为本题答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第 2段第 5句和第 6句假设的都是没有广告的情况，而 railway bylaws与第 6句提到的没有广告的报纸是并列的内容，由此可见， bylaws最可能指的是火车站一些没有广告作用的信息，因此 B为本题答案。文中没有提及铁路公司出版的报纸，因此 A不正确： C和 D都与 “广告 ”有关，但从该段第 4句至第6句的内容可知， bylaws一定不是广告，因此这两个选项均不正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第 2段第 1句暗示我们可以利用衣服创造一种形象，外人会相信这种 “衣服创造出来的形象 ”，这与 A的含义相同，因此 A为本题答案。原文第 1段表示我们可以通过一个人的衣着对一个人的个性做出判断，但文章并没有指出这种判断是否全面正确，因此 B是不正确的；第 1段也提到了我们的衣着可以反映我们的地位和心情，但没有提及可以 “提 升 ”地位和 “影响 ”心情，因此 C和 D是不正确的。 【知识模块】 阅读
