1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 166及答案与解析 SECTION A In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 The cold and rainy weather in Paris has not stopped J
2、oe Schaeffer, an American tourist from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, from visiting the City of Lights with his family of four. Nor have the citys expensive prices all the higher because of the huge drop in value of the American dollar compared to the European euro. “We were coming anyway, not matter the pri
3、ce. We might not stay as long. We might eat cheese sandwiches, “he said. At Notre Dame Cathedral a few blocks away, Linda Surma from Detroit, Michigan says she is also shocked by high prices in Paris these days. But Surma does not regret deciding to come to Paris, and has no plans to trim tourist at
4、tractions from her itinerary because of the expense even if she might not buy souvenirs. Paul Roll is managing director of the Paris Convention and Visitors Office. He says American tourists in Paris who numbered about 1.5 million last year tend to cut expenses when the dollar is weak, rather than c
5、ancel their trip. “We have no statistics on the subject, but we have seen over the years that when it gets more expensive to go to Europe, they downgrade the type of services they buy. Instead of going to a luxury hotel, they will go to a four-star hotel. Instead of going to a magnificent restaurant
6、, they will go to something that has less stars on the Michelin(restaurant guide).“ But recently a number of Americans have been staying away from Paris altogetherand from Europe as a whole as the dollar reaches record lows against the euro. Right now, it is nearly a $ 1.60 against the European curr
7、ency a few years ago, the two currencies were about equal. Paris, has weathered a decline in tourism before notably in 2003, when trans-Atlantic differences over the Iraq War were at a high. At the time, the French tourist office launched a campaign to woo back Americans, hiring American actor and d
8、irector Woody Allen for a promotional clip titled;“Lets Fall in Love Again. “Roll says the Paris tourism bureau has no immediate plans for a new charm offensive, although some Paris hotels are offering fixed euro-to-dollar rates. In Paris, Americans who are paid in dollars are also hurting. That inc
9、ludes Eleanor Beardsley, the correspondent for National Public Radio, the American public radio channel. “It is getting so bad I do not even look at the exchange rate every day. I do not go shopping anymore for clothes, “ she said. “It is just depressing. Every time you look at your bank statement o
10、nline I might withdraw 300(euros), that is $500. It is just completely depressing and I do not see any end in sight. “ But American companies operating in Paris have been less affected by the dollars decline, according to Oliver Griffith, managing director of the American Chamber of Commerce. Many o
11、f them hire Europeans, not Americans, who are paid in euros not dollars. “American companies that invest in France have not declined that drastically, “he explained. “Because a lot of the companies are multinational. They have assets in dollars, euros, all over the place. They get some inputs in eur
12、o-denominated countries, others in dollar-denominated countries.“ Others are profiting from the slump. Griffith says French investment in the United States has climbed sharply during the past two years and America exporters are eyeing new opportunities furnished by a cheaper dollar. 1 Which of the f
13、ollowing is the measure taken by French to arouse Americans enthusiasm? （ A） Hotel provides stable exchange rate. （ B） Government relaxes the requirement of tourist visa. （ C） Tour agencies offer discount to American visitors. （ D） Airline companies give preferential price to Americans. 2 Which of t
14、he following can be inferred from the passage? （ A） The value of dollar will increase in the near future. （ B） Some American companies close down because of the slump. （ C） Americans are interested in European travels. （ D） Other countries benefit from the devaluation of dollar. 3 What can we learn
15、from the passage? （ A） Because of the devaluation of U. S. dollar, American visitors shorten their trip to Europe. （ B） Europe does not forecast the huge drop of American visitors. （ C） Not only Paris but the whole Europe witnesses the reduction of American tourists. （ D） The value of U. S. dollar h
16、as become historical low. 3 Municipal bans on smoking in restaurants and bars are highly controversial, but history shows they can also be highly effective. But are all smoking bans equally successful? The barkeep and blogger who writes as “Scribbler50“ was outraged when, in 2003, New York City enac
17、ted one of the first comprehensive smoking bans in bars and restaurants; “How can a guy and some board just kick us in the teeth like this? This smacks of fascism. “ If people are aware of the consequences of smoking or visiting places with lots of secondhand smoke, should the government really have
18、 to tell us what to do? Wont people just vote with their feet and smoke even more when theyre at home and away from restrictions? Scribbler50s post inspired the physician who blogs as “PalMD“ last week to look up the research on the effectiveness of smoking bans. He found several studies showing tha
19、t not only did workers in restaurants and bars show improved health shortly after the bans were put in place, but smokers themselves also reduced the number of cigarettes they smoked. Overall, however, smoking rates remain persistently high, despite the common workplace smoking bans. Can other gover
20、nment measures help these smokers live healthier lives, or at least prevent people from taking up the habit? In the U. S. , warning messages have been in place on cigarette packages for decades. But the messages are rather clinical, for example; “Smoking Causes Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, And May Co
21、mplicate Pregnancy.“ What if packages contained more dramatic warnings? In January, psychologist and science writer Christian Jarrett looked at a small study of smokers reactions to cigarette warnings. The researchers measured self-esteem in student smokers, then showed them cigarette packages with
22、either death-related warnings(“Smckers die earlier“)or esteem-related warnings(“Smoking makes you unattractive“). Students who derived self-esteem from smoking and saw the death-related warnings later viewed smoking more positively than those who saw the esteem-related warnings. For students whose s
23、moking wasnt motivated by self-esteem, the effect was reversed. So not all anti-smoking messages are equal: Depending on who the message is directed at, a morbid(病态的 )warning on a cigarette label may actually backfire. Scribbler50, for his part, is now a convert favoring smoking restrictions, at lea
24、st in his narrow limits as a bartender. His patrons who havent quit smoking say they smoke a lot less now that they have to go outside to get a nicotine fix. He doesnt miss emptying ashtrays, or the holier-than-thou(自以为是的 )customers who complained every time a fellow patron lit up, or working in a s
25、moke-filled bar all night and going home “smelling like you put out a three-alarm“. Would it be right to enact even more restrictions on smoking in the interest of public health? Its hard to deny that banning smoking in public, indoor spaces has been a huge success. Why not try out some stronger smo
26、king bans? Parents in some areas are already restricted from smoking in cars with children, but I havent seen a study that evaluates the success of those measures. Perhaps a state or municipality could try extending the ban to homes, with provisions for studying the results. Its also possible that s
27、tronger measures would be counter-productive, like the stronger warnings on cigarette labels. Maybe well decide that at some level deciding whether or not to smoke should still be an individual choice. Or maybe in a few generations, it wont be necessary to regulate smoking: There wont be any smokers
28、 left. 4 According to the passage, what is Scribbler50? （ A） A physician. （ B） A psychologist. （ C） A science writer. （ D） A bartender. 5 According to Christian Jarrett, which of the following signs can make a student motivated by self-esteem stop smoking? （ A） Cherish Your Health, Stop Smoking （ B）
29、 Smoking Makes Your Heart Stop Earlier （ C） Enjoy a Cigarette, Regret a Whole Life （ D） You Look More Charming Without a Cigarette 6 Whats the assumption of the author about smoking restriction according to the last paragraph? （ A） People can try out some gentler smoking bans. （ B） The municipality
30、could try extending the smoking bans to homes. （ C） It will not be a personal choice to decide whether or not to smoke. （ D） It must still be necessary to restrict smoking after several generations. 6 Greg Woodburn, a sophomore at the University of Southern California, spends a lot of time cleaning
31、sneakers. Some of them once belonged to him; some belonged to his friends. But soon the shoes will have new owners: underprivileged children in the United States and 20 other countries, thanks to Woodburns Share Our Soles(S. O. S.)charity. “I started thinking about all the things I got from running
32、the health benefits, the friendships, the confidence, “ he says. “And I realized there are children who dont even have shoes.“ Woodburn gathered up his own stash of slightly worn sneakers, then put out a call to teammates and the town. His goal was to have 100 pairs by this Christmas. When the count
33、 climbed to more than 500 pairs, he decided to turn the shoe drive into a year-round endeavor. Back then, the sneakers came from donation boxes at the YMCA(Young Mens Christian Association)and the local sporting goods store and from door-to-door pickups. Woodburn has now set up collection boxes at t
34、wo high schools, USCs gym and recreation center, and area races, and he has started accepting adult sizes and sandals. To date, S. 0. S. has collected and donated more than 3, 000 pairs. And Woodburn has cleaned almost all of them(his parents and trackmates help at exam time). “People think of it as
35、 dirty work, “ he says. “But I like doing it. Its inspiring. Its not work I want to pass off to someone else. “ After sorting the shoes by size, Woodburn selects the sturdiest pairs for the washing machine and the threadbare ones for recycling. The rest he piles up by the kitchen sink at his family
36、home in Ventura, and using a scrub brush and dishwashing liquid, he gets in the zone. “As I work, I imagine who will get each pair, “ he says. It takes three to five minutes to clean one pair, he estimates, and hell do up to 100 pairs at a time. “I try to set aside a good amount of time.“ To ship th
37、e footwear, Woodburn teamed with Sports Gift, a non-profit organization that provides soccer and baseball equipment to children around the world. Keven Baxter, founder and president, says, “Wed send kids shin guards(护腿 ), balls, and shoes, and Id hear that for many of these kids, the cleats(防滑鞋 )wer
38、e the only pair of shoes they had. Theyd wear them to school and to do their chores. So Gregs running shoes were a nice addition for us.“ In just under three years, Woodburn has started three chapters of Share Our Soles: the original in Ventura, another at USC, and one at the College of the Holy Cro
39、ss in Massachusetts last January, when a student there wrote asking to get involved. For many recipients, the shoes represent opportunity. Two young boys in Southern California attended school on alternate days because they shared a pair of shoes, held together with duct tape(胶带 ). They were too big
40、 for one boy and too small for the other. Thanks to S. O. S. , each brother received his own pair of shoes. The boys now attend school every day. When they graduate, they say, they will help a stranger, just as Woodburn helped them. 7 Which of the following is INCORRECT about Greg Woodburn? （ A） He
41、is a sophomore at the University of Southern California. （ B） He has cleaned almost all of the shoes by himself. （ C） He paid Sports Gift to ship the shoes to children around the world. （ D） He has started three chapters of Share Our Soles charity. 8 It can be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） W
42、oodburn has been collecting worn shoes all the year around since the beginning （ B） Woodburns shoes were only a nice addition for the kids with no running shoes （ C） Woodburn started Share Our Soles charity at the University of Southern California （ D） two boys in Southern California received not on
43、ly shoes but also the spirit of helping others 8 When bringing a newborn baby home from the hospital, most new parents expect a few sleepless nights. However, when an uninterrupted nights sleep becomes a distant memory, and it is no longer weeks, but months or years since you experienced one, a pare
44、nt may grow angry, frustrated, and exhausted. Our firstborn, Robert, was nine-month-old when a girlfriend mentioned that her month-old daughter was regularly sleeping through the night. I was overcome with bitter envy, for it was a feat our son had yet to do. Finally, at twelve months, he slept an e
45、ntire night. I was elated, believing wed finally overcome that particular hurdle. Unfortunately, it was the only complete nights sleep we would enjoy for the next four years. Three pediatricians insisted Roberts problem was not unusual, and that he would eventually grow out of it. He had no problem
46、going to sleep. In fact, at bedtime he never resisted, and drifted off to dreamland with relative ease. Yet, within an hour after my husband and I went to bed, he would wake up. Sometimes those nocturnal activities would include diaper changes, or eventually trips to the bathroom. Yet, often they wo
47、uld be repeated throughout the night, and would require a great deal of coaxing before sleep was again achieved. Sometimes Robert would behave erratically, flailing around restlessly, being cranky and irrational. Had I not personally supervised his daily care, I would have suspected these nightmaris
48、h fits were the product of some daytime trauma. As my husband and I desperately sought an uninterrupted night of sleep, we began trying every trick imaginable. As per advice from the experts, we briefly tried the tough love routine, where a parent checks for the obvious(such as wet diapers), and the
49、n walks away, allowing the baby to cry himself to sleep. It was agony for all concerned, and did absolutely no good. Someone suggested that Robert might be waking up, when we all went to bed, due to the absence of noise. My husband immediately purchased a small radio for the nursery. Another article said warm milk before bedtime would do the trick, while another suggested no beverage. We rocked, walked, ignored, coddled, fed, gave beverages, and took them away. The most frightening aspect of this type of problem is what sleep d
