1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 189及答案与解析 SECTION A In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 (1) Nearly 60 million visitors flock to the 384 natio
2、nal parks across America every year. And you wont have to wander far from home to enjoy one of these national treasures, with Michigans Isle Royale National Park nearby. (2) Located 56 miles from Houghton and Copper Harbor on Michigans Upper Peninsula or 22 miles from Grand Portage, Minnesota, the p
3、ark remains a wilderness haven that can only be reached by tour boat. With the exception of the Rock Harbor Lodge, which offers both rooms with private baths and more modest accommodations in the form of small cottages, the 572,000 acres that make up the 45-mile-long park are rough and untamed, thre
4、aded with hiking trails that lead to tents-only campsites. In other words, its wilderness the way it used to be. Youre likely to see a moose wading through mist-covered ponds at dawn in search of breakfast, gaze open-mouthed as bald eagles and osprey snag fish from Lake Superior, hear the sharp clap
5、 of a beaver slapping its tail on the water, or the lulling conversation of loons at sunset. If youre especially lucky, you might even glimpse one of Isle Royales gray wolves, hunted nearly to extinction on the mainland. Theyre very shy, however, so its more likely that youll only hear their eerie h
6、owl. (3) Plenty of hiking trails open the area to exploration. At the parks information center, you can find out about ranger-led interpretative hikes and walks that explain the delicate history of the island. Kids especially love learning how to examine an animals droppings to figure out its most r
7、ecent meal. The Stoll Trail, a four-mile loop, winds through spruce and birch trees and offers a tour of the islands history, including prehistoric Indian copper mines. It leads to scenic Scoville Point a perfect picnic spot surrounded on three sides by the sparkling waters of Lake Superior. (4) You
8、 can also rent a canoe at the Rock Island Marina and paddle down the shore to the Rock Harbor Lighthouse, an 1855 jewel, and the Edisen Fishery. Once a thriving business, the fishery today is manned by park service employees who use nets to demonstrate how lake trout, whitefish, and herring used to
9、be caught from island waters. Their catch ends up on the dinner menu at the Rock Harbor Lodge. (5) You can explore farther afield on ranger-guided day cruises aboard the parks MV Sandy, or hop on and off the Voyageur II on its daily circumnavigation of the island. Reservations are essential and can
10、be made at the information center. (6) Another essential for any visit to Isle Royale is insect repellent. All those boreal bogs, beaver ponds and streams, generously replenished by heavy spring rains, create ideal conditions for breeding bugs. Mosquitoes and black flies one ranger described them as
11、 “little but all teeth“ are at their worst in June and early July. As the weather warms up and the island dries out, horse flies and deer flies the delta-winged B-1 bomber of the insect world replace them. Come prepared to protect yourself: Usually a combination of head nets, bite-proof clothing and
12、 plenty of bug spray does the trick, which are available at the information center. (7) The park is open from mid-April through October; Rock Harbor Lodge is open from Memorial Day weekend until just after Labor Day. 1 What can we infer from the second paragraph? （ A） The park is totally civilized b
13、y humans. （ B） We can drive personal boats to the park. （ C） The wolves nearly died out in this park. （ D） The number of wolves is smaller than that of mooses. 2 Which of the following can NOT be done at the information center? （ A） Getting equipment to avoid being bitten by insects. （ B） Booking yo
14、ur hotels for travelling. （ C） Learning some knowledge of this park. （ D） Enabling yourself to explore farther with the ranger. 3 About the park, which of the following is INCORRECT? （ A） It rains a lot during spring. （ B） Cars can not be used in it. （ C） Some Indians lived there in the past. （ D） I
15、t is open all around the year. 3 (1) Yousuf Karsh, the Canadian portrait artist who photographed many of the most influential figures of the 20th century, died in a Boston hospital on July 13, 2002, after complications following surgery. He was 93. (2) Working from a studio in Ottawa, Karsh produced
16、 famous portraits of such subjects as Winston Churchill, John F. Kennedy, Nikita Khrushchev, Fidel Castro, Ernest Hemingway and Albert Einstein. Actually he has become almost as famous as his legendary subjects. In the latest edition of Whos Who, which listed the most notable people of the last cent
17、ury, Karsh was the only Canadian of the 100 famous people listed 51 of whom Karsh had photographed. (3) Karsh was praised as a master portraitist, often working in black and white, influenced by great painters of the past. He was famous for talking to his subjects as he was getting the shots composi
18、tion just right, asking them questions and putting them at ease. He confesses that he continues to feel more challenged when “portraying true greatness adequately with my camera. “ In preparation, he reads as much as he can about the person before the sitting, but avoids having a preconceived idea o
19、f how he would photograph the subject. Rather he seeks, as he wrote in Karsh Portfolio in 1967, to capture the “ essential element which has made them great,“ explaining, “All I know is that within every man and woman a secret is hidden, and as a photographer it is my task to reveal it if I can. In
20、that fleeting interval of opportunity the photographer must act or lose his prize. “ (4) Yousuf Karsh was born in Armenia in 1908 and grew up under the horrors of the Armenian massacres. His photographer uncle, George Nakash, brought him to Canada in 1924 and sent him to Boston in 1928 to apprentice
21、 with John Garo, an outstanding photographer. He not only taught Karsh the technical processes used by photographic artists of the period but also prepared him to think for himself and evolve his own distinctive interpretations. (5) Four years later, he set up his studio in Ottawa. In December of 19
22、41, his memorable portrait of a glowering, defiant Winston Churchill, which symbolized Britains indomitable wartime courage, brought Karsh into international prominence. Canadas Prime Minister Mackenzie King arranged for Karsh to photograph Churchill following Churchills speech in the House of Commo
23、ns. Not forewarned, Churchill lit up a cigar and growled, “Why was I not told of this?“ but consented to a brief session. Karsh asked him to remove the cigar and, when he didnt, stepped forward and gently removed it with the comment, “Forgive me, Sir. “ Churchill glowered as the shot was taken, then
24、 permitted Karsh to take still another, jokingly commenting, “You can even make a roaring lion stand still to be photographed. “ The Churchill portrait has since appeared in publications and on commemorative stamps all over the world. (6) Karsh traveled to London in 1943 with his portable studio an
25、8 10 view camera and many studio lamps to photograph such notables as George Bernard Shaw, the Archbi-shop of Canterbury, and the royal family. All these portraits illustrate Karshs ability to capture the essence of his sitter. 4 According to the passage, Yousuf Karsh is a(n) _. （ A） American （ B） C
26、anadian （ C） British （ D） Armenian 5 What did Karsh pursue most in working? （ A） To capture the essence and greatness of the character. （ B） To capture the fleeting expression of the sitter. （ C） To make the picture colorful and expressive. （ D） To reveal the defects of the sitter. 6 All of the foll
27、owing about Karsh are mentioned in the passage EXCEPT that_. （ A） he was born in Armenia and died in Boston （ B） his uncle, George Nakash, was also a famous photographer （ C） he took photographs for the British royal family in 1940s （ D） he was listed among the most notable people of the last centur
28、y in Whos Who 6 (1) Late last year, Airbnb announced that its going after the major hotel chainswhich at first sounded kind of cute, like a precocious Little League pitcher (投手 ) saying hes going to strike out Miguel Cabrera. (2) But when CEO Brian Chesky laid out his thinking for me in Airbnbs new,
29、 funky headquarters in San Francisco, I thought the investors who have pumped $326 million into the company might not be too dim. Airbnb is becoming much more than a way to spend $26 a night to sleep in London with five other people at The Imperial Fleapit. (3) In fact, Airbnb is looking like a proo
30、f point of a trend that has been getting a lot of attention lately. Some refer to it as the DIY for do it yourself movement. Chesky uses the term “ decentralized production (分散式生产 ). “ Marc Andreessen hit on the concept in a manifesto entitled “Why Software Is Eating the World?“ (4) It all points to
31、 the same idea: Information technology is eroding the power of large-scale mass production. Were instead moving toward a world of massive numbers of small producers offering unique stuff and of consumers who reject mass-produced stuff. The Internet, software, 3D printing, social networks, cloud comp
32、uting and other technologies are making this economically feasible in fact, desirable. (5) The hotel industry and the way Airbnb thinks about it is an example of how that is playing out. (6) There is a fundamental truth about big hotel chains that is only now being exposed in the Internet age: Hotel
33、 chains grew out of a lack of information. (7) In the middle of last century, cars and highways made the world far more mobile. Many more people traveled to towns they didnt know, and they needed places to sleep. They had no way to know which hotel or boarding house might be nice or offer amenities
34、they wanted. Travel guides, like Mobils, popped up in the 1950s, but for the most part information remained scarce. (8) Chains took advantage of that data deficit. If you knew a Holiday Inn in one town, you knew the Holiday Inn in the next town would be roughly the same. The brands motto played off
35、this: “The best surprise is no surprise. “ The uniformity and comfort of a chain trumped the risk of an unknown, independent place. (9) As chains got bigger, they could afford to widely advertise a way to spread more information about the consistency of their hotels. Independents couldnt keep up. Th
36、ey had limited ways to get information to travelers. As long as this big information gap existed, chains grew and independents struggled. The gap drove chains to offer uniform accommodations at scale and we got todays hospitality industry, dominated by the likes of Hilton, Marriott and Starwood. (10
37、) Chesky got to thinking about this when his late grandfather told him Airbnb reminded him of his childhood, when his family would arrive in towns and stay at boarding houses. Chesky thought; If the Internet was around back then, would hotel chains as we know them have been created? “ And the answer
38、 is absolutely not,“ Chesky says. “Im not saying there wouldnt be hotels, but they wouldnt look like they do today. “ 7 What is the relationship between the example of Airbnb and that of Little League pitcher? （ A） Analogy. （ B） Comparison. （ C） Supplement. （ D） Contradiction. 8 According to the pas
39、sage, Chesky believes that_. （ A） hotel chains will no longer exist in the near future （ B） there would be no hotels if the Internet was around then （ C） hotel chains would be different if the Internet existed then （ D） the development of hotel industry is not certain 8 (1) How did your friend get y
40、ou to babysit her kids for the weekend, or your sister talk you into hosting the next book club meeting? They probably asked when you were anxious about a work project or stressed about making an impending mortgage payment. (2) Stress, however, isnt traditionally associated with altruism. When self-
41、discipline wanes, such as when you are hurried, hungry or distracted, you are less likely to be helpful to strangers (if youre late for an appointment, youre probably not stopping to help the person who just dropped the contents of his briefcase). That makes intuitive sense: helping someone you are
42、unlikely to ever see again when you feel least in control of your own life isnt likely to be productive. (3) Yet such selfishness seems at odds with the need for cooperation in a social species that relies on support from others for survival. So researchers have suspected that this pattern may only
43、hold true for strangers and that stress and periods when you feel your life is out of your control might actually increase sacrifice toward loved ones since collaboration with those upon whom you regularly rely is essential for survival. (4) “In communal (公共的 ) relationships, the habitual behavior i
44、s to take care of each others needs,“ says Francesca Righetti, assistant professor of psychology at VU University in Amsterdam. (5) The study, which was published in Psychological Science, involved several experiments in which some participants were intentionally distracted by subtitles (字幕 ) on a s
45、ilent video, while others were not. The volunteers were then asked about sacrifices they would make for either a long-term significant other, or a best friend. (6) Those who had to cope with the distraction a task known to reduce self-controlwere more likely to say they would sacrifice for their fri
46、ends or partners by going out with people they did not like (but whom their partners or friends liked) or by performing an embarrassing task for their loved one. (7) Righetti says that couples often face situations where their interests diverge and one must give up something for the other like choos
47、ing whether to see one partners friends or deciding on a beach or mountain vacation. (8) “In these situations people need to choose between pursuing their own wishes and sacrificing to promote the well-being of their partner or relationship,“ she says. “We found that when people are in a loving rela
48、tionship, their impulsive response to these types of circumstances is to be nice and benefit their partner even if this is costly for them. “ (9) The results confirm what most young children know intuitively that if you want something from mom or dad, you should hit them when theyre distracted by so
49、mething else. They also resolve what seemed to be a paradox: that good self-control is associated with happiness and success, but could be poison for relationships by leading to selfish behavior. It seems theres a balance between what were ready to give and what we take from our different interactions with people. Self-centeredness, these findings suggest, may apply primarily to strangers. When it comes to people we love, were willing to suffer. 9 Francesca Righetti believes that_. （ A） peo
