1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 18及答案与解析 0 The cold and rainy weather in Paris has not stopped Joe Schaeffer, an American tourist from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, from visiting the City of Lights with his family of four. Nor have the citys expensive prices all the higher because of the huge drop in value of the American d
2、ollar compared to the European euro. “We were coming anyway, not matter the price. We might not stay as long. We might eat cheese sandwiches, “he said. At Notre Dame Cathedral a few blocks away, Linda Surma from Detroit, Michigan says she is also shocked by high prices in Paris these days. But Surma
3、 does not regret deciding to come to Paris, and has no plans to trim tourist attractions from her itinerary because of the expense even if she might not buy souvenirs. Paul Roll is managing director of the Paris Convention and Visitors Office. He says American tourists in Paris who numbered about 1.
4、 5 million last year tend to cut expenses when the dollar is weak, rather than cancel their trip. “We have no statistics on the subject, but we have seen over the years that when it gets more expensive to go to Europe, they downgrade the type of services they buy. Instead of going to a luxury hotel,
5、 they will go to a four-star hotel. Instead of going to a magnificent restaurant, they will go to something that has less stars on the Michelin(restaurant guide). But recently a number of Americans have been staying away from Paris altogetherand from Europe as a whole as the dollar reaches record lo
6、ws against the euro. Right now, it is nearly a $1. 60 against the European currency a few years ago, the two currencies were about equal. Paris, has weathered a decline in tourism before notably in 2003, when trans-Atlantic differences over the Iraq War were at a high. At the time, the French touris
7、t office launched a campaign to woo back Americans, hiring American actor and director Woody Allen for a promotional clip titled;“ Lets Fall in Love Again. “Roll says the Paris tourism bureau has no immediate plans for a new charm offensive, although some Paris hotels are offering fixed euro-to-doll
8、ar rates. In Paris, Americans who are paid in dollars are also hurting. That includes Eleanor Beardsley, the correspondent for National Public Radio, the American public radio channel. “ It is getting so bad I do not even look at the exchange rate every day. I do not go shopping anymore for clothes,
9、 “ she said. “ It is just depressing. Every time you look at your bank statement online I might withdraw 300(euros), that is $500. It is just completely depressing and I do not see any end in sight. “ But American companies operating in Paris have been less affected by the dollars decline, according
10、 to Oliver Griffith, managing director of the American Chamber of Commerce. Many of them hire Europeans, not Americans, who are paid in euros not dollars. “American companies that invest in France have not declined that drastically, “ he explained. “Because a lot of the companies are multinational.
11、They have assets in dollars, euros, all over the place. They get some inputs in euro-denominated countries, others in dollar-denominated countries. Others are profiting from the slump. Griffith says French investment in the United States has climbed sharply during the past two years and America expo
12、rters are eyeing new opportunities furnished by a cheaper dollar. 1 Which of the following could NOT get benefit from the devaluation of US dollar? （ A） Foreign visitors in the US. （ B） Foreign investors. （ C） Exporters of America. （ D） American visitors to other countries. 2 Which of the following
13、is the measure taken by French to arouse Americans enthusiasm? （ A） Hotel provides stable exchange rate. （ B） Government relaxes the requirement of tourist visa. （ C） Tour agencies offer discount to American visitors. （ D） Airline companies give preferential price to Americans. 3 Which of the follow
14、ing can be inferred from the passage? （ A） The value of dollar will increase in the near future. （ B） Some American companies close down because of the slump. （ C） Americans are interested in European travels. （ D） Other countries benefit from the devaluation of dollar. 4 Why are American companies
15、in France less affected by the dollars decline? （ A） They reduce the salaries of staff. （ B） Their property is in different currencies. （ C） They adjust their operation to adapt the new situation. （ D） They pay staff with euro instead of dollar. 5 What can we learn from the passage? （ A） Because of
16、the devaluation of US dollar, American visitors shorten their trip to Europe. （ B） Europe does not forecast the huge drop of American visitors. （ C） Not only Paris but the whole Europe witnesses the reduction of American tourists. （ D） The value of US dollar has become historical low. 5 Municipal ba
17、ns on smoking in restaurants and bars are highly controversial, but history shows they can also be highly effective. But are all smoking bans equally successful? The barkeep and blogger who writes as “ Seribbler50“ was outraged when, in 2003, New York City enacted one of the first comprehensive smok
18、ing bans in bars and restaurants : “How can a guy and some board just kick us in the teeth like this? This smacks of fascism. “ If people are aware of the consequences of smoking or visiting places with lots of secondhand smoke, should the government really have to tell us what to do? Wont people ju
19、st vote with their feet and smoke even more when theyre at home and away from restrictions? Scribbler50s post inspired the physician who blogs as “PalMD“ last week to look up the research on the effectiveness of smoking bans. He found several studies showing that not only did workers in restaurants
20、and bars show improved health shortly after the bans were put in place, but smokers themselves also reduced the number of cigarettes they smoked. Overall, however, smoking rates remain persistently high, despite the common workplace smoking bans. Can other government measures help these smokers live
21、 healthier lives, or at least prevent people from taking up the habit? In the US, warning messages have been in place on cigarette packages for decades. But the messages are rather clinical, for example: “ Smoking Causes Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, And May Complicate Pregnancy. “ What if packages co
22、ntained more dramatic warnings? In January, psychologist and science writer Christian Jarrett looked at a small study of smokers reactions to cigarette warnings. The researchers measured self-esteem in student smokers, then showed them cigarette packages with either death-related warnings(“Smokers d
23、ie earlier“)or esteem-related warnings(“Smoking makes you unattractive“). Students who derived self-esteem from smoking and saw the death-related warnings later viewed smoking more positively than those who saw the esteem-related warnings. For students whose smoking wasnt motivated by self-esteem, t
24、he effect was reversed. So not all anti-smoking messages are equal; Depending on who the message is directed at, a morbid(病态的 )warning on a cigarette label may actually backfire. Scribbler50 , for his part, is now a convert favoring smoking restrictions, at least in his narrow limits as a bartender.
25、 His patrons who havent quit smoking say they smoke a lot less now that they have to go outside to get a nicotine fix. He doesnt miss emptying ashtrays, or the holier-than-thou(自以为是的 )customers who complained every time a fellow patron lit up, or working in a smoke-filled bar all night and going hom
26、e “ smelling like you put out a three-alarm“. Would it be right to enact even more restrictions on smoking in the interest of public health? Its hard to deny that banning smoking in public, indoor spaces has been a huge success. Why not try out some stronger smoking bans? Parents in some areas are a
27、lready restricted from smoking in cars with children, but I havent seen a study that evaluates the success of those measures. Perhaps a state or municipality could try extending the ban to homes, with provisions for studying the results. Its also possible that stronger measures would be counter-prod
28、uctive, like the stronger warnings on cigarette labels. Maybe well decide that at some level deciding whether or not to smoke should still be an individual choice. Or maybe in a few generations, it wont be necessary to regulate smoking; There wont be any smokers left. 6 According to the passage, wha
29、t is Scribbler50? （ A） A physician. （ B） A psychologist. （ C） A science writer. （ D） A bartender. 7 According to Christian Jarrett, which of the following signs can make a student motivated by self-esteem stop smoking? （ A） Cherish Your Health, Stop Smoking （ B） Smoking Makes Your Heart Stop Earlier
30、 （ C） Enjoy a Cigarette, Regret a Whole Life （ D） You Look More Charming Without a Cigarette 8 Which of the following statements is CORRECT about smoking restriction according to the passage? （ A） Municipal bans on smoking in restaurants and bars are effective. （ B） Scribbler50 himself did some rese
31、arch on the effectiveness of the bans on smoking. （ C） Christian Jarrett found the morbid signs on cigarettes play an important role for all smokers. （ D） The measure that parents are restricted from smoking in cars with children is useful. 9 Whats the assumption of the author about smoking restrict
32、ion according to the last paragraph? （ A） People can try out some gentler smoking bans. （ B） The municipality could try extending the smoking bans to homes. （ C） It will not be a personal choice to decide whether or not to smoke. （ D） It must still be necessary to restrict smoking after several gene
33、rations. 10 What does the passage mainly talk about? （ A） Scribbler50s attitude towards smoking bans. （ B） The research on how people can stop smoking. （ C） The effectiveness of smoking bans. （ D） Smoking bans in restaurants and bars. 10 Greg Woodburn, a sophomore at the University of Southern Calif
34、ornia, spends a lot of time cleaning sneakers. Some of them once belonged to him; some belonged to his friends. But soon the shoes will have new owners; underprivileged children in the United States and 20 other countries, thanks to Woodburns Share Our Soles(S. O. S.)charity. “I started thinking abo
35、ut all the things I got from running the health benefits, the friendships, the confidence, “ he says. “And I realized there are children who dont even have shoes. “ Woodburn gathered up his own stash of slightly worn sneakers, then put out a call to teammates and the town. His goal was to have 100 p
36、airs by this Christmas. When the count climbed to more than 500 pairs, he decided to turn the shoe drive into a year-round endeavor. Back then, the sneakers came from donation boxes at the YMCA(Young Mens Christian Association)and the local sporting goods store and from door-to-door pickups. Wood-bu
37、rn has now set up collection boxes at two high schools, USCs gym and recreation center, and area races, and he has started accepting adult sizes and sandals. To date, S. O. S. has collected and donated more than 3, 000 pairs. And Woodburn has cleaned almost all of them(his parents and trackmates hel
38、p at exam time). “ People think of it as dirty work, “ he says. “ But I like doing it. Its inspiring. Its not work I want to pass off to someone else. “ After sorting the shoes by size, Woodburn selects the sturdiest pairs for the washing machine and the threadbare ones for recycling. The rest he pi
39、les up by the kitchen sink at his family home in Ventura, and using a scrub brush and dishwashing liquid, he gets in the zone. “As I work, I imagine who will get each pair, “ he says. It takes three to five minutes to clean one pair, he estimates, and hell do up to 100 pairs at a time. “I try to set
40、 aside a good amount of time. “ To ship the footwear, Woodburn teamed with Sports Gift, a non-profit organization that provides soccer and baseball equipment to children around the world. Keven Baxter, founder and president, says, “ Wed send kids shin guards(护腿，护胫 ), balls, and shoes, and Id hear th
41、at for many of these kids, the cleats(防滑鞋 )were the only pair of shoes they had. Theyd wear them to school and to do their chores. So Gregs running shoes were a nice addition for us. “ In just under three years, Woodburn has started three chapters of Share Our Soles: the original in Ventura, another
42、 at USC, and one at the College of the Holy Cross in Massachusetts last January, when a student there wrote asking to get involved. For many recipients, the shoes represent opportunity. Two young boys in Southern California attended school on alternate days because they shared a pair of shoes, held
43、together with duct tape(胶带 ). They were too big for one boy and too small for the other. Thanks to S. O. S. , each brother received his own pair of shoes. The boys now attend school every day. When they graduate, they say, they will help a stranger, just as Woodburn helped them. 11 Which one of the
44、following is INCORRECT about Greg Woodburn? （ A） He is a sophomore at the University of Southern California. （ B） He has cleaned almost all of the shoes by himself. （ C） He paid Sports Gift to ship the shoes to children around the world. （ D） He has started three chapters of Share Our Soles charity.
45、 12 Why did Greg Woodburn gather worn shoes? （ A） Because he believed running can bring good health, friendships and confidence. （ B） Because he thought it was a waste of money to get rid of worn shoes. （ C） Because he wanted to help the poor children who dont even have shoes. （ D） Because he hoped
46、more children would like to help strangers as him. 13 Woodburns S. O. S. charity collected shoes by the following ways EXCEPT （ A） gathering up his friends stash of slightly worn sneakers （ B） recycling shoes with little fault from the sporting goods store （ C） collecting from the students of two hi
47、gh schools and the USC （ D） picking up worn shoes from door to door in the town 14 What is Woodburns attitude towards cleaning shoes? （ A） Intolerable. （ B） Emotional. （ C） Enthusiastic. （ D） Indifferent. 15 It can be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） Woodburn has been collecting worn shoes all
48、the year around since the beginning （ B） Woodburns shoes were only a nice addition for the kids with no running shoes （ C） Woodburn started Share Our Soles charity at the University of Southern California （ D） two boys in Southern California received not only shoes but also the spirit of helping oth
49、ers 15 When bringing a newborn baby home from the hospital, most new parents expect a few sleepless nights. However, when an uninterrupted nights sleep becomes a distant memory, and it is no longer weeks, but months or years since you experienced one, a parent may grow angry, frustrated, and exhausted. Our firstborn, Robert, was nine-month-old when a girlfriend mentioned that her month-old daughter was regularly sleeping through the night. I was overcome with bitter envy, for it was a feat our son had yet to do. Finally, at twelve m
