1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 19及答案与解析 0 Last week, for the first time in many years, I had a big, shouty, stand-up row with a colleague at work. It started off quite small, as these things often do. But then he accused me of being sloppy. I accused him of trying to cover something up. The two of us stood in the m
2、iddle of a large, open-plan office. The conventional view is that rage at work is bad, as well as being mad and dangerous. A Gallup poll in the US showed that one in five office workers has been so furious with a colleague in the past six months that they would have liked to hit the other person. Bu
3、t the true picture is more complicated than that. There is good rage and bad rage. Someone who gets angry all the time is impossible to work with. But for the rest of us, occasional bursts of anger, have much to be said for them. My rage attack had two advantages. First, it was a gift to everyone el
4、se. Boring office life was briefly interrupted with a little drama. Eyes popped, and suddenly there was something to whisper about at the coffee machine. It was also good for me as it got my blood coursing agreeably through my veins. Companies have got themselves into a puzzledom over anger. On one
5、hand they tell us to feel passionate about our work. On the other they expect us to be professional at all times which means keeping our negative emotions under lock and key. Passionate and professional strike me as odd bedfellows. However, if what passion means is minding about work, Im all for it.
6、 The trouble is that minding means sometimes feeling furious when things dont go according to plan. Indeed, for me work is one long rage opportunity starting with the fact that the machine that dispenses hot water for tea is on the blink. Clearly some management of rage is in order, and here is what
7、 the experts usually suggest. Their first tip is to breathe. Ive never been able to see what the big deal about breathing is. It keeps me alive, but thats as far as it goes. Their second is“positive self-talk“ to squash your negative feedings and give the other person the benefit of the doubt. But w
8、hy should I give my arrogant colleague the benefit of the doubt when he was so clearly in the wrong? The very thought makes me much crosser than I was before. The third tip is forgiveness. Again, no dice:I dont forgive the water machine and I dont forgive my colleague. The reason this advice is so h
9、opeless is that it is trying to eliminate anger. Instead, what we all need advice on is how to do anger better. My outburst last week could have been improved on. The first problem is that I dont get angry at work often enough, so last weeks row was too shocking to my system. Once every 10 years is
10、too little. Once every 10 minutes is too much. The ideal might be about once every couple of months. The next problem was that I didnt end it properly. Apologies all round are a good way of ending it. There are other principles for good anger. It is almost never good to shout at a subordinate. Secon
11、d, however angry you are dont let it spill out of control. Throwing the computer keyboard is not advisable as it makes you look an idiot and then your computer doesnt work, making you crosser still. 1 Why did the writer get angry with his colleague? （ A） He was arguing some issues of the work with h
12、im. （ B） He was irritated by his colleagues shout at him. （ C） He felt intolerant of him without special reasons. （ D） He felt that his colleague concealed something from him. 2 As described in the passage, passion_. （ A） has nothing to do with work （ B） is one way to control emotions （ C） is one ki
13、nd of negative emotions （ D） sometimes may transform into fury 3 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） Generally speaking, almost all of the clerks get along well with their colleagues. （ B） Its impossible to oppress ones bad temper while being passionate on ones work. （ C） People ten
14、d to get angry at work in many situations. （ D） People in companies welcome rage. 4 Whats the attitude of the writer towards the advice experts give? （ A） Indifferent. （ B） Sarcastic. （ C） Skeptical. （ D） Supportive. 5 Which of the following is the best title for the passage? （ A） Never Become Furio
15、us at Work （ B） Learn How to Get Rid of Rage （ C） Rage Is Inevitable for Us （ D） Improve Your Bad Temper 5 Rock music has been accused of having a beat that is at once too strong and too simplistic. Lets look at these issues individually, and see how they in fact contribute to the power of the music
16、. If you look at the classic instrumentation of a rock group drums, bass, electric guitar and piano one inescapable fact is that they are all percussive instruments. There are no horns or strings, no instruments that are bowed or blown, whose notes smoothly move to the desired volume and then stay t
17、here. The musicians play all of these instruments by striking them with a stick, pick, finger or hammer. As a result, their characteristic sounds all exhibit sharply rising and descending volumes. The overall effect is to emphasize the rhythmic value of each note, to give the placement of the peak v
18、olume of each note, each chord, at least equal weight with its melodic or harmonic element. In earlier musical forms, the drums, bass, piano and guitar had sometimes collectively been referred to as the “rhythm section. “ With rock instrumentation, effectively the entire group became part of the rhy
19、thm section. Part of the reason for increasing the strength of the rhythm in rock for creating what became known as “the big beat“ was to increase the propulsive force of the music. This is essentially the same reason that regular meter is used in traditional poetry. In this sense, rock is to tradit
20、ional pop music as poetry is to prose. The effect in both rock and metered poetry is to create regular rhythmic patterns that drive the listener along and amplify the energy of the words. This is why Phil Spector told David Susskind, when he was reading the lyrics of one of his songs on TV, that wha
21、t he was missing was the beat. One effect of the strong rhythm is to increase the intensity and power of the communication. Listening to rock lyrics without the beat would be akin to paraphrasing Yeats as saying, “Going round in larger circles, the damned bird gets lost. “ The meaning of the words i
22、s roughly the same, but my phrasing has none of the power of Yeats: “ Turning and turning in the widening gyre, the falcon cannot hear the falconer. “ Another reason for increasing the strength of the rock rhythm was simply to make the beat an equal player in the resulting music. As suggested above
23、by Robert Palmer, traditional pop forms had made the beat a poor second cousin to melody and harmony. Rock liberated the rhythmic component of the music, allowing it an equal footing with the other elements. The perception has sometimes been that the beat in rock music is so strong as to overpower t
24、he melody and lyrics, making the words unintelligible, for example. While this has no doubt happened at times, it is not an essential part of the music. On the other hand, ears that are used to rhythm being consistently relegated to the background sometimes perceive the beat as overpowering simply b
25、ecause it has been brought to the foreground. The result can be disorienting, because multiple musical components are all vying for equal attention in rock. The effect is akin to viewing modern art in which elements of form and color are no longer subordinate to the demands of strict representation.
26、 The result, though, is a much richer artistic experience, in which multiple elements of the music thematic intent, meter, rhyme and alliteration, vocal shadings, melody, harmony and rhythm are all working together. Rock has also been accused of having a simplistic rhythm, based on its consistent us
27、e of a 4/4 time signature, with the accents on the second and fourth beats of the measure(a “backbeat“). When used at its best, however, this basic underlying rhythm is just the starting point for many subtle rhythmic variations. After all, with so many instruments all playing a part in the rhythm,
28、it is not necessary and would in fact be distracting to have the foundation time signature be calling attention to itself. The interesting part, overall, is not the time signature, which will repeat throughout the song anyway, but what you do with it, the variations laid on top of it, the larger rei
29、nforcing rhythms in the song structure. 6 Which of the following is NOT the classic instrumentation of a rock group? （ A） Bass. （ B） Piano. （ C） Guitar. （ D） Violin. 7 The similarity of rock and poetry lies in_. （ A） the sound in driving the listeners feeling （ B） the force in amplifying the energy
30、of the words （ C） the picture in depicting the life of the composers （ D） the effect in creating the regular rhythmic patterns 8 The effect of the strong rhythm both in rock and in poetry is_. （ A） to have the foundation time signature be calling attention to itself （ B） to make the beat an equal pl
31、ayer in the resulting music （ C） to increase the intensity and power of the communication （ D） to make the beat a poor second cousin to melody and harmony 9 Whats the feature of modern art according to the passage? （ A） Form and color are no longer subordinate to the demands of representation. （ B）
32、Form and color are subordinate to the representation. （ C） Representation is not inferior to form. （ D） Representation is superior to form and color. 10 Which of the following is NOT suggested in the last paragraph? （ A） The basic underlying rhythm is the starting point for many subtle rhythmic vari
33、ations. （ B） The time signature will not repeat throughout the song. （ C） The interesting part is the larger reinforcing rhythms in the song structure. （ D） Rock has a simplistic rhythm, based on its consistent use of a 4/4 time signature. 10 Bosses would do well to be alarmed. November is here, and
34、 with it a good chance that the back office isnt processing data, but knocking out a novel on the sly. Its “ National Novel Writing Month“ , a peculiar American invention that has improbably become an eagerly anticipated rite around the world. Knock out a novel in a month: it cant be hard. The premi
35、se of the NaNoWriMo, as its known, is that all writers need a deadline and a kick in the backside. In 30 days contestants have to knock out 50, 000 words. How else to get those 1, 666 words a day, except on company time? Twenty-one Californian writers started the online writing spree in 1999. Last y
36、ear more than 200, 000 joined in worldwide, though fewer than a fifth completed a full manuscript. If growth continues at the present rate, each American citizen will attempt to write a short novel by the year 2027, according to one calculation. The organizers call it all empowering and harmless fun
37、. But still theres something in the enterprise that feels annoyed. NaNoWriMo relies on the peculiarly American belief that every person has a story or a novel, or a book of any kind inside. There is no analogous drive to write the Great French Novel, or the English, or the German. The very notion th
38、at a novel is in everybodys grasp, and could be knocked out as a draft in just a month, is far more likely to induce some cringing in other countries. Their horror can be summed up in a revelation shared by NaNoWriMos founder, Chris Baty, who found to his delight that “ novel-writing, we had discove
39、red, was just like watching TV. You get a bunch of friends together, load up on caffeine and junk food, and stare at a glowing screen for a couple of hours. “ Most writers who are dedicated to the craft would beg to disagree. The more apt metaphor is that used by a New York columnist in the 1940s; “
40、Its easy: you simply sit down at the typewriter, open your veins, and bleed. “ Some argue there is nothing wrong with building a small city in the Republic of Letters, populated with mostly 20-something enthusiastic amateurs. That, after all, is what NaNoWriMo really is, with its forums and pep talk
41、s and town meetings worldwide. Professional heavyweight authors such as Neil Caiman, Jonathan Lethem and Audrey Niffenegger cheerfully encourage all these scribblers, reasoning that forcing writers to sit down and write is no bad thing. The web has the power to unlock untapped riches of untutored ta
42、lent, so the thinking goes. Indeed, Sara Gruens bestselling novel “Water for Elephants“(2006)began as a NaNoWriMo draft. So too did Erin Morgensterns debut “The Night Circus“ , recently reviewed in The Economist. Others are more dubious. Laura Miller at Salon has attacked the program for its “ nar-c
43、isstic commerce“ , complaining that the last thing the world needs is 37 , 500 more awful novels every year. Mr. Baty acknowledges that the vast majority of first drafts are utter rubbish , but he says that no one is imposing this nonsense on the marketplace at least not yet. Whats new now is that m
44、any can. No longer must these green hand authors simply file their manuscripts away when NaNoWriMo ends. We instead expect to see them flooding Amazon and Lulu as self-published e-books. Thus enters a new oversupply of product on a saturated market. In recent years the pay for writing novels has bee
45、n on the decline; it stands to reason that few established writers welcome a small army of amateurs biting into that shrinking pie. 11 Which of the following statements about the “National Novel Writing Month“ is CORRECT? （ A） It is held in November all over the world. （ B） It requires contestants t
46、o write a novel within one week. （ C） Last year, only a few contestants finished with a complete draft. （ D） The bosses in the enterprise think the event is fun. 12 What does the word “cringing“ in Paragraph 3 mean? （ A） Craze. （ B） Fear. （ C） Disgust. （ D） Doubt. 13 By listing Sara Gruen as an exam
47、ple in Paragraph 5, the author aims to_. （ A） show that most of the NaNoWriMos participants are talented （ B） point out that the Internet has become a writing tool （ C） prove that the NaNoWriMo is indeed helpful for writers （ D） express his doubt about NaNoWriMo 14 From the last paragraph of the pas
48、sage, we can infer that_. （ A） many novels created in NaNoWriMo are of poor quality （ B） self-published e-books will become the main stream of future novels （ C） the pay for writing novels will be increased （ D） with NaNoWriMo and the Internet, writing may be massively carried out 15 Which of the fo
49、llowing is the best title for the passage? （ A） National Novel Writing Month Its Past and Present （ B） National Novel Writing Month A Modern Way of Writing （ C） How the Internet Help Modern Literary Writing （ D） Fight Against “National Novel Writing Month“ 15 When one spouse is depressed, a marriage is depressed. This illness erodes emotional and sexual intimacy and makes a relationship filled with pessimism and resentment, anger and isolation. Even the sunniest, most capable partner can be pulled into depression
