1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 201及答案与解析 SECTION A In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 (1) I had known for a long time that the people aroun
2、d me used a method of communication different from mine; and even before I knew that a deaf child could be taught to speak, I was conscious of dissatisfaction with the means of communication I already possessed. One who is entirely dependent upon the manual alphabet has always a sense of restraint,
3、of narrowness. My thoughts would often rise and beat up like birds against the wind, and I persisted in using my lips and voice. Friends tried to discourage this tendency, fearing lest it would lead to disappointment. But I persisted, and an accident soon occurred which resulted in the breaking down
4、 of this great barrier I heard the story of Ragnhild Kaata. (2) In 1890 Mrs. Lamson, who had been one of Laura Bridgmans teachers, and who had just returned from a visit to Norway and Sweden, came to see me, and told me of Ragnhild Kaata, a deaf and blind girl in Norway who had actually been taught
5、to speak. Mrs. Lamson had scarcely finished telling me about this girls success before I was on fire with eagerness. I resolved that I, too, would learn to speak. I would not rest satisfied until my teacher took me, for advice and assistance, to Miss Sarah Fuller, principal of the Horace Mann School
6、. This lovely, sweet-natured lady offered to teach me herself, and we began the twenty-sixth of March, 1890. (3) Miss Fullers method was this: she passed my hand lightly over her face, and let me feel the position of her tongue and lips when she made a sound. I was eager to imitate every motion and
7、in an hour had learned six elements of speech: M, P, A, S, T, I. Miss Fuller gave me eleven lessons in all. I shall never forget the surprise and delight I felt when I uttered my first connected sentence, “It is warm.“ True, they were broken and stammering syllables; but they were human speech. My s
8、oul, conscious of new strength, came out of bondage, and was reaching through those broken symbols of speech to all knowledge and all faith. (4) No deaf child who has earnestly tried to speak the words which he has never heard to come out of the prison of silence, where no tone of love, no song of b
9、ird, no strain of music ever pierces the stillness can forget the thrill of surprise, the joy of discovery which came over him when he uttered his first word. Only such a one can appreciate the eagerness with which I talked to my toys, to stones, trees, birds and dumb animals, or the delight I felt
10、when at my call Mildred ran to me or my dogs obeyed my commands. It is an unspeakable boon to me to be able to speak in winged words that need no interpretation. As I talked, happy thoughts fluttered up out of my words that might perhaps have struggled in vain to escape my fingers. (5) But it must n
11、ot be supposed that I could really talk in this short time. I had learned only the elements of speech. Miss Fuller and Miss Sullivan could understand me, but most people would not have understood one word in a hundred. Nor is it true that, after I had learned these elements, I did the rest of the wo
12、rk myself. But for Miss Sullivans genius, untiring perseverance and devotion, I could not have progressed as far as I have toward natural speech. In the first place, I laboured night and day before I could be understood even by my most intimate friends; in the second place, I needed Miss Sullivans a
13、ssistance constantly in my efforts to articulate each sound clearly and to combine all sounds in a thousand ways. Even now she calls my attention every day to mispronounced words. (6) All teachers of the deaf know what this means, and only they can at all appreciate the peculiar difficulties with wh
14、ich I had to contend. In reading my teachers lips I was wholly dependent on my fingers: I had to use the sense of touch in catching the vibrations of the throat, the movements of the mouth and the expression of the face; and often this sense was at fault. In such cases I was forced to repeat the wor
15、ds or sentences, sometimes for hours, until I felt the proper ring in my own voice. My work was practice, practice, practice. Discouragement and weariness cast me down frequently; but the next moment the thought that I should soon be at home and show my loved ones what I had accomplished, spurred me
16、 on, and I eagerly looked forward to their pleasure in my achievement. 1 What can we know about the girl named Ragnhild Kaata from the passage? （ A） She studied with Laura Bridgman. （ B） She was a student of Mrs. Lamson. （ C） Her success encouraged the author. （ D） She was educated in Horace Mann Sc
17、hool. 2 At the first utterance of a word, the author experienced all the following feelings EXCEPT _. （ A） the touch of astonishment （ B） a slight tension （ C） a great pleasure （ D） some sense of freedom 3 What does the last paragraph mainly focus on? （ A） How the author overcame all the difficultie
18、s. （ B） How the teachers aided and supported the author. （ C） What could help the deaf and blind learn to talk. （ D） What the author dreamt to do after learning. 3 (1)The Canterbury Tales, written be Geoffrey Chaucer in the late 14th Century, tells the story of a group of medieval pilgrims traveling
19、 from London to Canterbury. Six hundred years later, the Star Wars movies were filmed on the same thoroughfare. This road is Watling Street and there is no road in the English-speaking world more steeped in stories. (2) We now think of Watling Street as the A2 and the A5 motorways, which run diagona
20、lly across Britain from Anglesey in north-west Wales to Dover in south-east England. But the road has existed throughout all of British history. It is one of the few permanent fixtures of this island and one of the first lines on the map. It has been a Neolithic pathway, a Roman road, one of the fou
21、r medieval royal highways, a turnpike in the age of coach travel and the traffic-choked “A road“ of today. It is a palimpsest, always being rewritten. (3) Watling Streets origins are lost in the mists of prehistory, but it seems to already have been ancient when the Romans straightened and paved the
22、 stretch between Dover to Wroxeter. Even at the beginning, the road was entwined with stories: it was said that the route had been built by King Belinus, a mythical figure related to the pagan sun god Belenus. Today, the road also runs alongside Elstree Studios, on the outskirts of London, where tho
23、usands of movies and television series have been shot over the last 100 years. (4) For many years it was believed that William Shakespeare wrote a play called The Widow of Watling Street; it was included in early collections of his work. It is now thought that the real author of that play was Thomas
24、 Middleton. But Shakespeare can still be connected to the road. Before the Romans bridged the Thames, the original route of Watling Street forded the river where Westminster Palace now stands. The route would have run close to where Shakespeares Globe Theatre in Southwark later stood. (5) In 1922 th
25、e French philosopher and Jesuit priest Pierre Teilhard de Chardin coined the term “noosphere“, which refers to the realm of immaterial things. The noosphere is the place where youll find all our stories, as well as our laws, culture and philosophy. The word arises from the biosphere, the realm of al
26、l living things. The biosphere, in turn, emerges from the geosphere, which is the solid physical world. De Chardin recognized that the world of myths, legends and stories are ultimately rooted in specific parts of the material world. They emerge from place just as much as they emerge from imaginatio
27、n. (6) In the 21st Century, the noosphere has been referred to as “ideaspace“, a term coined by the English comics writer Alan Moore and his mentor Steve Moore. Alan and Steve Moore both spent their lives living close to Watling Street, and the road appears in the work of both. As they see it, each
28、of us has our own private estate in ideaspace, where our private thoughts and dreams can be found. But other parts of ideaspace are shared and public, and it is in these communal areas that widely known characters, stories and legends reside. (7) For the Moores, a walk across a landscape was as much
29、 a walk through the fiction, histories and associations of the area as it was a walk across the physical, material world. Seen through their eyes, a road as old as Watling Street which is still used by hundreds of thousands of people every day is essentially a machine designed to accumulate story up
30、on story. (8) Not long after the M6 Toll road opened in 2003, a family driving along it saw what they first thought were animals. Drawing nearer, they came to believe that they were looking at the ghosts of about 20 Roman soldiers. When the M6 Toll opened, the building supplies company Tarmac Group
31、announced that its surface was made out of asphalt, tarmac and “two and a half million pulped Mills in practice, however, they can serve as a justification of the worst. They can allow us to be complacent about the world rather than interrogate it. After all, as Norris summed things up: In America,
32、“we are the land of the brave and the home of amnesia.“ 7 Why does the author mention The Surprising Adventures of Baron Munchausen and Horatio Algers stories? （ A） To explore the meaning of the phrase “by the bootstraps“. （ B） To argue against the misunderstanding about a myth. （ C） To show connect
33、ions between myths and moral values. （ D） To reveal the cultural origin of American meritocracy. 8 Which of the following statements may Mr. Walker agree with? （ A） Moral values are deeply influenced by old myths. （ B） The American society is fundamentally hierarchical. （ C） Economic success is link
34、ed with a moral valence. （ D） Most successful people benefit from meritocracy. 9 According to the context, “that reality“ in Para. 6 refers to the fact that _. （ A） there is no ideal equality in America （ B） opportunities are evenly distributed （ C） the escalator may be hard to get in （ D） meritocra
35、cy is baked into American culture 10 It can be inferred from the passage that the author regards the notion of meritocracy as _. （ A） a faked myth （ B） a backbone of the society （ C） a spiritual shelter （ D） a sound system SECTION B In this section there are five short answer questions based on the
36、passages in Section A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words in the space provided. 10 Passage One 11 What does “this tendency“ in Para.1 refer to? 12 What contributed to the authors final mastering of the speaking ability? 12 Passage Two 13 What is the meaning of the sentence “. there is
37、 no road in English-speaking world more steeped in stories“ in Para. 1? 14 What might be the title of this passage? 14 Passage Three 15 What does the author mean by saying the notion of meritocracy is “yet another myth“ (Para.3)? 专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 201答案与解析 SECTION A In this section there are several pa
38、ssages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 原文第二段前三句作者提到拉根希尔德 卡塔，她是一个又聋又盲的女孩，但是已经成功地学会了说话，这件事燃起了作者的希望之火，她也想要学会开口说话，可见这个女孩的成功故事激励了作者，故答案为 C项。该段只是说拉姆森夫人是劳
39、拉的授课教师，并没有提到卡塔是否与劳拉一起学习，也没有说她是拉姆森夫人的学生，因此 A项和 B项在原文中均没有依据，可先排除；该段倒数第二句说到作者 的老师将她送至萨拉 富勒小姐那里，而这位小姐是霍勒斯 曼恩学校的校长，但是并没有说卡塔是在这个学校学习的，故排除 D项。 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 原文第三段第四句说到了作者尝试说出第一句话时的感受，她直接用到的两个词是 surprise和 delight，这与 A项和 C项表述的意义一致，因此先排除这两个选项；该段倒数第一句说到，在灵魂深处，我感受到了一股挣脱了某种束缚的新生力量，可见她感到了一种自由，因此 D项也应排除。原文中并没有
40、说到她在学习说话的时候是否感到紧张， B项与原文不符，故为答案。 3 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 文章最后一段讲到作者的老师们对于她的积极努力和勇气都表示赞同，作者也详细地描写了她用触摸的方式学习说话的情况，重复练习长达数个小时，即使有气馁和厌倦的时候，一想到要与家人分享学习的成果，就重新振作。可见这一段主要讲述的是作者在学习过程中如何克服了各种困难，故 A项为答案。 B项 “教师们如何帮助和支持作者 ”只在段落开头提及，不能概括全段，因此排除；作者提到想要与家人分享，是作为她克服困难的动力，且仅仅出现在段落末尾，因此 D项也不是全段主旨；而本文讲述的是一位耳聋者学习 说话的情况，并没有具
41、体介绍方法，可见 C项 “怎样可以帮助又聋又盲的人学习说话 ”也应排除。 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 原文第一段第二、三句指出，星球大战系列电影就是在乔叟提到的那条大道上拍摄的，而这条大道就是惠特灵大道。可见这条大道就是星球大战的一个拍摄地点，故 B项为正确答案。原文第一段首句虽然说到这条大道被写进了乔叟的故事里，但并没有说是首次，因此排除 A项；原文第二段中虽然写到了惠特灵大道的基本情况和在各个历史时期的特点，但是并没有评价它在交通方面的重要性，故排除 C项； D项 “在英国 历史上曾被反复重建 ”是对原文第二段信息的误解，原文只是说到了这条大道在各个历史时期的特点，并没有说到它是否
42、被重建，因此也排除。 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 原文第六段中详细介绍了艾伦和史蒂夫关于思想空间的观点和看法，而第七段首句则明确说到，对于这两位先生而言，在山水间漫步既是在物质世界中漫步，也是徜徉于思想领域，随后说到，他们认为这条大道既是实际上每个人要用到的，也是汇聚故事的地方，可见他们将这条路既看作是物质存在，也看作是非物质的积累，因此 D项为答案。第四段第三句只是提到莎士比亚可能与惠 特灵大道有关联，但并没有说到莎士比亚对这条古老道路的看法，故排除 A项；作者在第四段第二句说明惠特灵大道的寡妇这部作品是汤玛士 梅道登所著，但没有说到他对这条路的看法，故排除 B项；第五段详细介绍了夏
43、尔丹的 “智慧圈 ”思想，说明了神话、传说等精神世界的东西与物质世界的联系，但是也没有提到他对这条大道有什么看法，故排除 C项。 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 原文第八段讲到 M6收费公路开通后不久的一个灵异故事，而收费站的建筑材料提供方说这个建筑是用柏油、混凝土和两百五十万本压成纸浆的小说做成的，而作 者在文章结尾处说到，这条路简直就是由故事修建成的，而浪漫主义总是道路修建最佳的源起方式，可见作者对这些故事是持肯定态度的，认为这些都是非物质文化的积淀，故 C项为答案。作者既然对这些故事持肯定态度，必然不会想要摒弃它们，因此排除 D项；而作者也没有提到是否应该对其进行挑选或者进一步研究，
44、因此排除 A项和 B项。 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 原文第一段第二句作者在解释短语 by the bootstraps的意义及其来源时提到吹牛大王历险记这本书，说明这个短语强调靠自身努力实现成功，而其后霍雷肖 阿尔杰的故事也是一个靠辛勤劳动从乞丐到富翁的传奇；作者在第二段明确指出，这说明了一种美国信念和价值观念，即精英体制。由此可以看出作者是用这两个故事来说明这种理念的文化根源，故 D项为答案。作者除了在第一段第二句中澄清关于这个短语的一个错误以外，并没有在后文继续挖掘它的意义，也没有再提到这个传说，因此排除 A项和 B项； C项 “显示传说与道德观念之间的联系 ”，这个说法过于笼统
45、，也不是本文的主题，因此 C项不符合题意，故排除。 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 原文第五段第三、四句中提到，沃克尔认为，美国是建 立在一种有种族主义色彩的等级制度之上的，而这个等级制度至今仍然保留着，并以不同的形式反映在文化、教育、经济等多个领域之中。由此可见美国社会基本上还是有等级的，故 B项为答案。沃克尔的观点中没有涉及到神话传说的问题， A项与原文不符，故排除；第六段最后一句说到在精英体制下，经济成功承载着道德地位，但这并不在沃克尔论述的范围之内，故排除 C项；作者在第八段第一句就指出，精英体制所体现的平等只是空想，根本不存在，后文中提到沃克尔认为成功人士应该明白这一点，而不是说
46、他们都得益于精英体制，故排除 D项。 9 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 设问句出现在原文第六段第一句。根据 that的指代关系回溯至上一段最后两句，作者在此处指出美国其实从建立起就是一个基于等级制度的国家，而且这种等级制度仍然在社会的各个领域保留着。可见精英体制所标榜的人人都可以通过努力而提升社会地位的平等是不存在的，故 A项为答案。机遇的问题不是本文论述的主题，故排除 B项；而根据指代关系， C项选项内容与设问句位置太远，也可排除；根据作者在之前段落的论述，可知精英体制的自我认识确实烙入了美国文化，但他认为等级制度更加普遍存在，这里的 that reality指的正是这种普遍存在但经常被忽
47、略的等级制度，故排除 D项。 10 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 作者在最后一段总结了他对精英体制的看法。他指出，精英体制和美国梦等信念是美国的神话和文化典范，可以表现出人性中最佳的一面，可以让人们对这个世界感到满意，而不是质疑；而最后一句指出，美国人都是勇往直前，且十分健忘（忘掉自己的疑虑）。可见这个理念是一种精神寄托，因此答案为 C项。尽管剖析了精英体制中一些不真实的理念，但是作者还是在最后一段中肯定了它的积极意义，因此排除 A项；而从作者对这个观念 的批判来看，作者不会将其视为 B项 “社会中坚力量 ”，或者 D项 “良好的体系 ”，故均排除。 SECTION B In this se
48、ction there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words in the space provided. 11 【正确答案】 My persistence to learn to speak. 【试题解析】 原文第一段第四句说到 “Friends tried to discourage this tendency，fearing lest it would lead to disappointmen
49、t.”，而 tendency的具体所指应该回溯至上一句，即我坚持使用自己的嘴唇来发音，学习说话。故答案为 “My persistence to learn to speak.”。 12 【正确答案】 Teachers appropriate guidance and the authors perseverance. 【试题解析】 作者在第五段前半部分说到，尽管有了最初成功的尝试，但是在短期内真正学会说话还是很难的；随后她讲述了她和身边的人为达到这个目标进行努力的情况，其中第五段后半部分讲到了她的老师沙利文小姐创新的方法和奉献的精神；而第六段则集中讲述了作者长时间反复练习，努力克服厌倦情绪的情况。可见其最后的成功应该是归功于老师的适当引导和作者的恒心与毅力。故答案为 “Teachers appropriate guidance and the authors perseverance.”。 13 【正确答案】 Watling Street is the most legendary road in English culture. 【试题解析】 设问句出现在原文第一段最后一句。短语 be steeped in stories的意思是 “浸淫在故事
