1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 43及答案与解析 0 An Indian website, , set up last summer by anti-corruption activists, reveals just how greedy officials can be. It has documented over 8,500 instances of bribery adding up to nearly 375m rupees. These include 100 rupees to get a policeman to register a complaint about a sto
2、len mobile phone and 500 rupees for a clerk to hand over a marriage certificate. The amounts are much larger to facilitate income-tax refunds, where the standard “charge“ is 10%; sums between 5,000 and 50,000 rupees change hands. But such initiatives can do little beyond allowing people to vent thei
3、r anger about corruption. Kaushik Basu, the chief economic adviser to Indias finance ministry, suggests that this may be partly because the law treats both bribe-giving and bribe-taking as crimes. This makes it hard to blow the whistle on corrupt officials, because the bribe-giver has also broken th
4、e law. In a provocative paper based on game theory, Mr Basu argues for the legalisation of some kinds of bribe-giving. His proposal has caused a furious debate in India, with television channels even assembling panels to discuss it. Some thunder that the economist is condoning(宽恕 )corruption. But Mr
5、 Basu makes clear that paying an official to bend the rules in ones favour should continue to be illegal. The category of payments he would like to legalise are “harassment bribes“, made by a person to get things to which he is legally entitled. In such cases, Mr Basu argues, the giver should be gra
6、nted immunity(豁免 )from prosecution and a proven complaint should result not only in punishment for the corrupt official but also in a “refund“ for the bribegiver. These steps, he believes, will give bribery victims the confidence to lodge complaints and encouraging them to hang on to evidence of bri
7、bery. Fear of being caught should make officials more wary of asking for bribes in the first place. This sounds promising in theory. But Indias courts are notoriously slow. Jean Dreze, an Indian development economist, thinks that the difficulty of pursuing a legal case against a corrupt official may
8、 mean that few will complain. If so, Mr Basus idea may unintentionally result in an increase in the incidence of corruption. At least some people who would earlier have refused when asked for a bribe, Mr Dreze thinks, would now pay up. Yet when the bribes are for things that are their due, refusal t
9、o pay is unrealistic for most people. The tone of those posting on the bribe-reporting website suggest that people are keen to strike back at corrupt officials. Because Mr Basus idea should make this easier, it is worth considering. So are steps such as moving more transactions online, to reduce con
10、tact with officials. Fighting corruption will need more than one clever idea. 1 The author points out that may NOT be effective in （ A） revealing the phenomenon of corruption. （ B） exposing the greedy officials to the public. （ C） expressing peoples anger over corruption. （ D） getting the greedy of
11、ficials punished by law. 2 In Para. 2, Mr Basu suggests that some kinds of bribe-giving should be （ A） strongly condemned. （ B） encouraged by the government. （ C） punished slightly. （ D） exempted from prosecution. 3 The “harassment bribes“ are the bribes that are made in order to （ A） bend the rules
12、 in ones favor. （ B） get what is entitled by law. （ C） obtain some privileges. （ D） cause trouble for the officials. 4 Jean Dreze most probably agrees that Mr Basus idea is （ A） unreasonable. （ B） thoughtless. （ C） impractical. （ D） ridiculous. 5 As it is mentioned in the last paragraph, most people
13、 dont refuse to give a bribe when （ A） they are denied what they deserve. （ B） they are forced to do so. （ C） their complaints will be handled quickly. （ D） other people do the same. 5 One August afternoon, Peaches gave birth to 14 puppies. The kids were thrilled. But it crossed my mind once or twic
14、e that I had no idea how wed find good homes for so many adorable mutts. The father was a purebred golden retriever(寻回猎犬 ). And not until now had I wondered why Roberta, who gave Peaches to us, had named her in the plural. Peaches didnt resemble a peach, either. She was jet black with long retriever
15、 hair, an agreeable blend of many breeds. But she was indeed a peach, although once when her round pups were lined against her tummy, we affectionately called her “Pea Pod,“ and that name pretty much stuck. The kids and I had a blast with the pups, but as our cuddly friends grew, the cleanup job on
16、the backyard lawn increased as well. I usually ended up with the chore after the kids had left for school in the morning, and after eight weeks the job was getting old. Besides, the time had come to start to get them settled into permanent homes. So one weekend the kids and I piled into the van, pup
17、pies in the rear, playfully biting each others ears and tails, and we headed for the local humane society. But in northern California at that time, shelters were full of animals, and if they werent adopted quickly they were put to sleep. I tried stifling that bit of information, but it wouldnt stay
18、submerged; I cried the whole way. When we arrived at the shelter, I dried my tears and smoothed my puffy eyes. I walked alone up to the counter and cheerfully announced I had 14 wonderful puppies for them. The woman, without looking up from her paperwork, roared, “We dont take puppies.“ I cried all
19、the way home, this time with tears of relief. So I placed an ad for “free puppies“ in the newspaper. I dont think we got a single phone call. In the meantime, the kids and pups grew more inseparable. Only Happy and Callie, our two cats, were allowed to spend the nights inside, but from the giggling
20、and the look of the blankets in the morning, some pups had been overlooked at bedtime. The gate on our backyard fence opened onto the elementary schools grass field. Every afternoon, scores of kids arrived to play soccer. The children loved it when their games were over, for then I would open the fl
21、oodgate, releasing 14 roly-poly, tail-wagging puppies for them to play with. Surely a parent wouldnt mind taking one or two home? The parents loved the pups, too; but their disciplined ability to decline our offering amazed me. Certainly the divine plan could not have been for us to keep all 14 pupp
22、ies, even if they had been given perfect names. I desperately searched the heavens for a solution. The odd idea came to put another ad in the paper, this time asking $10 for each puppy. It worked. Placing a value on the mutts somehow had an effect. I made a deal with the kids: If they would prepare
23、the puppy food and clean up the yard every day until all the puppies had homes, I would give them each, in turn, $10 for every pup sold. When he was about 11 weeks old, the last puppy Boots, with four white socks had gone. It was a sad day; the yard was much too quiet. So Saturday morning I had the
24、kids get their money jars out. They proudly carried their savings as I drove them to their favorite place the toy store. The dog pound might have seemed easier. But I liked this ending much better. 6 As it is mentioned in the passage, “Peaches“ （ A） was the name of a purebred golden retriever. （ B）
25、included a group of new-born puppies. （ C） got her name for an unknown reason. （ D） was one of the two dogs the author had. 7 By saying “The kids and I had a blast with the pups“, the author means that （ A） the pups were a burden to the family. （ B） the pups kept the family occupied. （ C） the family
26、 quarreled over how to deal with the pups. （ D） the family was delighted with the birth of the pups. 8 The author cried on the way home to the local humane society because （ A） she hated to have to send away the dogs. （ B） the dogs might end up being killed in the shelters. （ C） the shelters might r
27、efuse to take the dogs. （ D） the new owners might maltreat the dogs. 9 What happened when some pups were overlooked at bedtime? （ A） They would spend the night in the house. （ B） They would be separated from the kids. （ C） They would fight with the two cats. （ D） They would mess up the blankets. 10
28、How many times had the author failed before she was able to send away all the pups? （ A） Once. （ B） Twice. （ C） Three times. （ D） Four times. 11 The author rewarded the kids with money because （ A） they thought out the best idea. （ B） they helped look after the pups. （ C） the pups were their insepar
29、able friends. （ D） the money equaled the value of each pup. 11 In response to mass unemployment and the prospect of having to emigrate, an unemployed Irish graduate has spent 2,000 on a massive billboard advertisement asking employers not to let him leave the republic. Feilim Mac An Iomaire, who ere
30、cted an advertising hoarding on the busy Merrion Road in south Dublin in an attempt to find a job, has said he has been overwhelmed by the response. The ad contains a picture of the 26-year-old marketing graduate facing a number of famous landmarks from Sydney, London and New York with the message:
31、“Save me from emigration.“ His ad has struck a chord across Ireland at a time when about 50,000 citizens, many of them young graduates, are expected to leave this year for work abroad. There are still up to 400,000 jobless workers in Ireland due to the property crash and the countrys fiscal crisis.
32、Mac An Iomaire said he came up with the idea after being unemployed for eight months after a year in Australia. “I had a good bit of money saved when I came home from Australia but I was managing to live on jobseekers allowance. I gave it a week of hard thinking to come up with the concept and nothi
33、ng was going to stop me then,“ he said. “The great thing is that everyones been so positive about it. No one has really had a bad word to say. Everybody who is close to me knows Ive been pretty annoyed about being unemployed and feeling like Ive been on the sidelines.“ Mac An Iomaire also set up a F
34、acebook page and Twitter account, and has been drowned with emails and messages. “Ive had some really nice replies. Some CV experts are willing to spruce up my CV so Im pretty overwhelmed with that,“ he said. “It looks good for something to come out of it, anyway. I am not exactly looking for a conc
35、rete job offer. I would sooner go through the whole process of doing an interview,“ he added. 12 Feilim Mac An Iomaire put on a billboard advertisement to （ A） attract those who would like to work overseas. （ B） attract those who would like to work domestically. （ C） get a job in Ireland. （ D） get a
36、 job overseas. 13 Sydney, London and New York are the places （ A） where Mac An Iomaire had worked before. （ B） which Mac An Iomaire had visited before. （ C） where Mac An Iomaire wouldnt like to work. （ D） which Mac An Iomaire thought were the most prosperous. 14 By saying “everybodys been so positiv
37、e about it,“ Mac An Iomaire means that （ A） people have expressed approval of his advertisement. （ B） his friends have encouraged him to look at the bright side. （ C） the unemployed have confidence in the job market. （ D） the country will overcome its present fiscal crisis. 15 Mac An Iomaires Facebo
38、ok page and Twitter account most probably （ A） were attractively designed. （ B） received a lot of feedback. （ C） got few positive responses. （ D） were filled with junk mails. 15 The family of Sirycs refused all the benefits of civilization. Now they live in a forest near Zhitomir and enjoy their her
39、mits life. 52 year-old head of the family Ivan Siryc, his wife Victoriya and their 12-year-old son Stepan live in a sun-dried hut, covered with thatch(茅草屋顶 ). There are 3 rooms in it(each of them is about 2 square meters). They are joined together with the other room, in the middle of which the stov
40、e can be found. The Sirycs happen to be indoors only in winter, in summer they spend all their time in the workshops. During the whole year a hayloft serves as a bed for them. They even made a glass roof above it to see the stars. They say, no one can see such a wonderful view in the city. As for th
41、e toilet, they didnt build it at all. They just have some special place in the forest not far from their hut. To move into such conditions was a joint decision. 8 years ago the Sirycs were successful artists in Moscow. But one day they accidentally heard on the radio the story about the dolmens(巨石墓
42、)on the Caucausus and decided to go there. Stepan at that time was 8 months old. Victoriya remembers herself sitting near the brook and holding her son in her arms while Ivan was examining those wonderful places. When he returned they both suddenly realized they wanted to change their life. Now the
43、Sirycs eat only raw food, because they believe the food heated to 40 immediately becomes dead. So they eat berries, pickled and dried mushrooms. The latter tastes like chips, they say. But you should be careful and not to eat too much of them, because they swell in your stomach and you can feel like
44、 youve overeaten afterwards. So at first they were vegetarians, now they are raw food eaters but what they really dream about is to become “air eaters“. Such peoples bacteria produce all necessary elements from air and are gradually becoming younger and even able to “grow“ new organs. Victoriya, for
45、 example, has already grown two new teeth. As for their son Stepan, he goes to school once a month. Hes in the 4th grade now. But actually he doesnt like to go there because other children often tease him because of his long hair. But Stepan cant cut them off because he believes this is connection w
46、ith cosmos. His father taught him to draw and make sculptures. Later hes going to become a sculptor. 16 What do we learn about the Sirycs home according to the second paragraph? （ A） There are respectively three rooms in and outside the hut. （ B） There are totally four rooms in their hut. （ C） Each
47、of the three rooms has a stove inside. （ D） Each of the three rooms is joined together with the other two. 17 What happened after the Sirycs visited the dolmens on the Caucausus? （ A） They were inspired to change their life. （ B） They decided to move their home there. （ C） They wanted a better life
48、for their baby. （ D） They were determined to be vegetarians. 18 In regard to diet, the Sirycs are most likely to agree that （ A） mushrooms are not good for our health. （ B） one should not eat too much raw food. （ C） meat should also be eaten raw. （ D） no meat at all should be eaten. 19 The growth of
49、 Victoriyas two new teeth is most importantly attributed to （ A） her vegetarian diet. （ B） the raw food she eats. （ C） the air she takes in. （ D） her intrinsic physical growth. 20 The passage is intended to （ A） persuade us to choose our own way of life. （ B） reveal the advantages of hermits life. （ C） introduce a life away from civilization. （ D） describe the life of the raw food eaters. 专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 43答案与解析 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第 1段第 1句指出这是一个由反腐积极分子建立的网站，该网站可以揭露贪官的受贿情况，据此可排除 A和 B；第 2段第 1句表明作者认为这样的网站 “
