1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 52及答案与解析 0 Corporate scandal, labor reductions, economic recession. The past year has been a sobering experience for the average worker, a return of the nose-to-the-grindstone work ethic, and a time to roll up the shirt sleeves and get serious. Youve seen your workload increase, your
2、pay frozen, and your training budgets cut. And to make matters worse, youve seen expectations for ROI (Return on Investment)rise and e-learning companies fall. Need a tissue? Its not that bad. Honest. Despite what you may have heard, fun is not dead. In the burgeoning niche of game-based e-learning,
3、 a group of companies are using the video games kids(and adults)play as inspiration for delivering learning that counters workers reluctance towards training and offers an antidote to the stress that many are under. Now that incentives of a pay increase or promotion are being reigned in by higher up
4、s, employees are less enthusiastic about taking time away from their jobs for trainingmanagers even less so. These game-based e-learning applications counter by being fun, engaging, and in some cases, addictive. But, as can be expected, e-learning that draws heavily on video games in a coat-and-tie
5、culture is often a tough sell. Advanced games and simulations dont come cheap. Development costs for custom-designed games often top the million dollar mark and purchase prices are typically several hundred thousand dollars. Such an investment matches the cost of in-classroom training. With training
6、 budget cuts, companies that are on the fence are unwilling to take a chance on an unproven mode of delivery. Pragmatism and proven technology rule the day, as companies decide what they really need and suppliers figure out how to deliver. For some in the game-based e-learning segment, the mood is r
7、ather pensive. For them, fun isnt dead. Its just on pause. For others, its game on. Companies such as LearningWare, Corporate Adrenalin, and Games2Train are finding success by delivering within a tight budget and providing back-end data to ensure that games earn their keep. Even in the midst of this
8、 economic slump, game-based e-learning is demonstrating its potential to improve the way we train and do business. 1 E-learning companies expect that video games will be used for （ A） inspiring childrens passion for learning. （ B） inspiring workers passion for their job. （ C） relieving employees fro
9、m work pressure. （ D） relieving the need for certain job training. 2 Employees are less enthusiastic about training because （ A） promotion doesnt take training into account. （ B） managers serve as a bad model for training. （ C） it is more and more difficult to get a promotion. （ D） game-based e-lear
10、ning is the more updated trend. 3 In a coat-and-tie culture, people tend to demand （ A） that games be custom-designed. （ B） that games and simulations be cheap. （ C） higher budget for in-classroom training. （ D） pragmatism and proven technology. 4 The passage is aimed at people who （ A） probably wor
11、k for e-learning companies. （ B） probably work for video game companies. （ C） are worried about the economy. （ D） are concerned about e-training. 5 What happens to LearningWare, Corporate Adrenalin, and Games2Train? （ A） They are optimistic but cautious about e-learning. （ B） They are successful eve
12、n in the economic recession. （ C） They will become profitable when the economy revives. （ D） They will be provided with low-budget training programs. 5 Recently, a couple in New Zealand were forbidden from naming their baby son 4Real. Even though New Zealand has quite liberal rules about naming chil
13、dren, names beginning with a number are not allowed. They decided to call him Superman instead. In many countries around the world, unusual names for children are becoming more popular, especially since the increasing trend for celebrities to give their children wacky names. In Britain, you can call
14、 a child almost anything you likethe only restrictions on parents relate to offensive words such as swear words. Some parents choose names which come from popular culture. For example, there have been six boys named Gandalf after the character in the Lord of the Rings novels and films. Equally, name
15、s related to sport are fairly commonsince 1984, 36 children have been called Arsenal after the football team. Other parents like to make up names, or combine names to make their own unique version, a method demonstrated by Jordan, the British model, who recently invented the name Tidamii for her dau
16、ghter by combining the names Thea and Amy(the two grandmothers). She was quoted as saying that the accent and double letters were added to make the name “more exotic“. Other countries have much stricter rules when it comes to naming children. Countries including Japan, Denmark, Spain, Germany and Ar
17、gentina have an approved list of names from which parents must choose. In China, there are some rules about what you may call a childno foreign letters or symbols are allowed. As a result a couple were recently banned from calling their baby . In Britain, some names which were previously thought of
18、as old-fashioned have become more popular again, such as Maisie or Ella for a girl, or Alfie or Noah for a boy. But the most popular names are not the wacky ones. The top names are fairly traditionalJack, Charlie and Thomas for boys and Grace, Ruby and Jessica for girls. 6 Celebrity parents tended t
19、o give their children （ A） an outstanding name. （ B） a meaningless name. （ C） an eccentric name. （ D） a distinctive name. 7 What can we infer about Arsenal since 1984? （ A） Arsenal has won the most champions. （ B） Arsenal has become the most appreciated childrens name. （ C） Arsenal is preferred beca
20、use the word has double meanings. （ D） The prevalence of Arsenal has never ceased. 8 Jordan invented the name Tiaamii for her daughter in order to （ A） make the name different from any others. （ B） commemorate her daughters two grandmothers. （ C） demonstrate a special way of naming. （ D） make a fore
21、ign name. 8 As one of Europes leading cultural cities Berlin offers many museums, historic sites and other places for a memorable visit. Many landmarks remind us of the long history of Berlin, the remains of the destruction during World War II and its history when it was divided between east and wes
22、t. Even though Berlin is a large metropolis orientating yourself in Berlin isnt hard at all. There are three prominent landmarks: the Church of Remembrance(the Gedachtniskirche), located in the West on the Kurfurstendamm, the Brandenburger Tor in the city district of Mitte, and the Fernsehturm(TV-to
23、wer)at Alexanderplatz in the East. Round and about these three points of interest lie the inner districts of Berlin. The 365-meter high TV Tower was built between 1965 and 1969 and is located in East Berlin. It reminds us of the time when Berlin was divided. Now its a symbol of a united city. And as
24、 one of the highest buildings in Europe it offers a marvellous view of the city both during the day and night. You can visit the observation platform located at a height of 203 meters or dine at the restaurant while enjoying the view. The Brandenburg Gate, Berlins only remaining city gate, is the mo
25、st known town landmark and also symbol of the division and reunion of the city. It was situated in the no mans land just behind the wall and reopened after the Fall of the Wall on December 22, 1989. The sandstone construction, built from 1788-1791 to plans by C.G. Langhans, has 12 Doric columns and
26、is based on the propylaeum of the Acropolis in Athens. In 1891-1895, in a new-Romanesque style, the original Gedachtniskirche was built to honour the memory of Kaiser Wilhelm I and represented a symbol of the era of the German Empire. During the Second World War, the church was heavily damaged but n
27、ot completely destroyed. The remaining ruins reminded the local population about the bombings of the war and were transformed into a small museum and into a memorial. In 1961-1963, next to the church, the high six-sided bell tower and the flat eight-sided main building were built. The old tower ruin
28、s serve today as a church museum and a remembrance hall for peace and reconciliation. The Reichstag is a very important site in German historyits colourful past reflects the turbulence of German history since the 19th century. The Reichstag was constructed from 1884-1894 by Paul Wallot, since a repr
29、esentative building was needed to house the parliament of the newly-founded German state. On November 9, 1918, the politician Philipp Scheidemann announced the establishment of the Republic from one of its windows. After the war, the devastated building was rebuilt in a simplified form from 1961-197
30、1, but it was not used for parliamentary functions. After reunification, the German Federal Government decided to use the building as a parliament once again. From 1994-1999 the Reichstag was reconstructed and extended by the Architect Sir Norman Forster. Since 1999 the Reichstag is home to the Bund
31、estag(the lower Parliament). The Berlin Wall was originally one hundred miles long and was constructed by the Communist government of the former east. All that is left today are a few sections of the wall near the Ostbahnhof and the Reichstag. These sections have been preserved to remind Berliners o
32、f the 28-year division of their city. The remnants of the Berlin Wall now serve as an outdoor gallery of art from local and city artists. 9 According to the second paragraph, the three prominent landmarks （ A） make it easy for people to find directions in Berlin. （ B） are closely related to the hist
33、ory of World War II. （ C） enable Berlin to become a historical metropolis. （ D） used to divide Berlin between east and west. 10 Before the reunion of Berlin, the Brandenburg Gate （ A） was the only gateway to Berlin. （ B） was the only city gate not destroyed by war. （ C） became almost a ruin inaccess
34、ible to visitors. （ D） signified the border of East Berlin and West Berlin. 11 Gedachtniskirche has been remodeled into （ A） a church. （ B） a tower. （ C） a peace memorial. （ D） a war museum. 12 The Reichstag had to be rebuilt because （ A） it had much to do with political changes in Germany. （ B） it
35、had been destroyed in the Second World War. （ C） it was no longer used for parliament functions. （ D） the parliament of the German state was just founded. 13 What is true about the Berlin Wall? （ A） It lasted from the end of WWII to 1976. （ B） It spanned from some time in 1961 to 1989. （ C） It symbo
36、lized the collapse of the Republic. （ D） It has been totally removed after the reunion. 14 The passage mainly describes Berlin from a _ viewpoint （ A） cultural （ B） political （ C） historical （ D） geographical 14 Americans seeking jobs this side of the Atlantic should be aware that sometimes things a
37、re done differently here. Jennifer Vessels, of CareerJournalE, reveals the right wayand the wrong wayto get a post in Europe. Think like a local. Thats the tip from careers experts for potential expats looking to gain international experience. Learn what skills are needed in the country you are targ
38、eting and market yourself in a European way. The Wrong Way After earning an MBA at night in international marketing, an ambitious product manager working for a computer-systems firm in San Jose, California, was ready to put his knowledge to use by relocating to Europe. To prepare, he used the Intern
39、et and his local library to research European countries. He decided that France and Germany were most appealing and, fortunately, his company had subsidiaries in both countries. When he approached senior management about seeking an expatriate assignment, they agreed that the subsidiaries would benef
40、it from his talents. The product manager then submitted a formal proposal requesting a transfer to his boss, who was supportive and suggested that he send a resume outlining his accomplishments to hiring managers at the French and German offices. The product manager followed up by voice mail to expl
41、ain his interest in joining their team. A few weeks passed without a response, so the manager sent another fax and left more voice-mail messages. His boss also directly contacted the hiring managers to stress how the new MBA graduates innovative marketing ideas would benefit the organisation. Both h
42、iring managers agreed that the candidate would be a good addition to their teams, but said they needed more time to think about it. After six months of leaving voice mail and sending faxes highlighting his accomplishments, the product manager got frustrated and started seeking international opportun
43、ities outside the company. What Went Wrong? The MBA had the right educational qualifications and a solid track record in the US, as well as the support of his management. Yet he made a critical mistake. He based his approach on techniques that work in the US, but not in Europe. He didnt realise that
44、 when seeking a new position or transfer overseas, you must know your market well. Since the culture, business and decision-making style and needs of each European country varies, first-hand knowledge is essential. “The most common mistake Americans make is assuming that the needs and business pract
45、ices of the European countries are the same as those in the US,“ says Erwin De Wolfe, a partner in the Brussels office of Korn/Ferry International, one of the worlds largest executive-search firms. The Right Way The best way to understand the nuances of any country is to spend time there. By not vis
46、iting France or Germany, the product manager mistakenly assumed they were interested in marketing ideas from America. But thats rarely the case. “We generally rely on the locals in country to drive our marketing campaigns, since theyre much closer to the customer than US personnel,“ says Patrick DeR
47、oy, operations manager for Newbridge Networks, a local-and wide-area networking systems firm with operations throughout Europe. By offering new marketing ideas from a US perspective, the MBA and his boss were proposing exactly the opposite of what the European managers wanted. 15 “Expats“ in the sec
48、ond paragraph has the closest meaning to “_“. （ A） migrants from outside Europe （ B） job-seeking Americans in Europe （ C） job-seeking people with expertise （ D） immigrants with technical expertise 16 The author counts it fortunate for the product manager that （ A） he has an MBA in international mark
49、eting. （ B） the company provides financial assistance for overseas staff. （ C） the company has branches in the countries that interest him. （ D） his boss appreciates his accomplishments. 17 The product manager finally gave up on the application because （ A） he realized he was not qualified for the European market. （ B） he couldnt get what he had expected. （ C） he was expected to wait no longer than six months. （ D） he got an offer from another international company. 18 According to the author, the product manager should have _ b
