1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 53及答案与解析 0 In a recent book entitled The Psychic Life of Insects, Professor Bouvier says that we must be careful not to credit the little winged fellow with intelligence when they behave in what seems like an intelligent manner. They may be only reacting. I would like to confront the
2、Professor with an instance of reasoning power on the part of an insect which cannot be explained away in any other manner. During the summer, while I was at work on my doctoral thesis, we kept a female wasp at our cottage. It was more like a child of our own than a wasp, except that it looked more l
3、ike a wasp than a child of our own. That was one of the ways we told the difference. It was still a young wasp when we got it and for some time we could not get it to eat or drink, it was so shy. Since it was female, we decided to call it Miriam. One evening I had been working late in my laboratory
4、fooling around with some gin and other chemicals, and in leaving the room I tripped over a line of diamonds which someone had left lying on the floor and knocked over my card index which contained the names and addresses of all the larvae worth knowing in North American. The cards went everywhere. I
5、 was too tired to stop to pick them that night. As I went, however, I noticed the wasp was flying about in circles over the scattered cards. “Maybe Miriam will pick them up“, I said half laughingly to myself, never thinking for one moment that such would be the case. When I came down the next mornin
6、g Miriam was still asleep in her box, evidently tired out. And well she might have been. For there on the floor lay the cards scattered all about just as I had left them the night before. The faithful little insect had buzzed about all night trying to come to some decision about picking them up and
7、arranging them in the boxes for me, and then had figured out for herself that, as she knew practically nothing on larvae of any sort except wasp larvae, she would probably make more of a mess of rearranging them than if she had left them on the floor for me to fix. It was just too much for her to ta
8、ckle, and discouraged, she went over and lay down in her box, where she cried herself to sleep. 1 Professor Bouvier most probably agrees that （ A） insects reasoning power has nothing to do with intelligence. （ B） wasps can only behave in an instinctive manner. （ C） wasps are different from other win
9、ged creatures. （ D） the issue of insects intelligence need further research. 2 The author took the wasp Miriam to his cottage because （ A） Miriam was treated like a child. （ B） Miriam was the pet of the family. （ C） the author was studying insects for his doctoral thesis. （ D） the author wanted to p
10、rove that insects have intelligence. 3 When the card index scattered on the floor, the author （ A） decided to pick them up the next morning. （ B） believed Miriam would pick them up. （ C） didnt understand why Miriam flew about over the cards. （ D） found it ridiculous that Miriam would pick them up. 4
11、 By saying “And well she might have been“(Para. 6), the author thinks that Miriam was （ A） exhausted. （ B） intelligent. （ C） energetic. （ D） depressed. 5 Which of the following statements was based on facts rather than on the authors pure thinking? （ A） Miriam cried herself to sleep. （ B） Miriam had
12、 buzzed about all night. （ C） Miriam could only tell wasp larvae. （ D） Miriam had left the cards on the floor. 5 As medical evidence mounts that we are indeed what we eat, consuming a healthier diet has become almost a national passion in the United States. The food-for-fitness phenomenon began in t
13、he late 70s when a U.S. Senate committee on nutrition reached grim conclusion that six out of the ten leading causes of death such as heart disease, cancer, and stroke might be linked to diet. The government issued dietary guidelines advising Americans to eat a variety of foods, maintain proper weig
14、ht, and limit intake of fat, salt, sugar, and alcohol. For most Americans, what to eat is a matter of personal choice, rather than one of supply. An excellent nationwide food distribution system assures that fresh produce is readily available in all parts of the country, regardless of the season. Ta
15、king advantage of this abundance, many people are forsaking traditional meat-and-potatoes and in favor of lighter meals of salads, fruits, and vegetables. The single most dramatic change in the American diet has been a reduction in consumption of animal fat, which is thought to increase the risk of
16、heart disease and may contribute to the high U.S. incidence of breast and colon cancer. Margarine and vegetable oils have replaced butter and lard in many homes, and half of all milk now drunk in the United States is low-fat. Fish and poultry are increasingly popular sources of protein as consumptio
17、n of red meat declines. The food industry has responded to concern about fat by producing leaner cuts of meat and cholesterol-free substitutes for eggs. One of the most significant trends in the American way of eating is the healthful change in restaurant food. “One of every two meals in the United
18、States is eaten outside the home,“ says Donna Watson, president of the American Dietetic Association. “Restaurants are making special efforts to provide low-fat, low-salt, and low-calorie items.“ Salad bars, loaded with fresh greens and raw fruits and vegetables, are found everywhere, even along-sid
19、e the burgers and French fries in fast-food restaurants. Most important, the focus on prudent diet has led to an unprecedented national quest for a healthier life style. Americans are smoking less, exercising more, and experimenting with new ways to conquer stress. Eating sensibly, they have discove
20、red, is only one important route to good health. 6 It is suggested in the dietary guidelines that （ A） 60% leading causes of death might be linked to diet. （ B） fat and alcohol should be taken as little as possible. （ C） eating diverse foods helps maintain proper weight. （ D） sugar and salt should b
21、e taken in restricted amount. 7 Many Americans no longer maintain the meat-and-potatoes diet because （ A） salads, fruits, and vegetables are more easily prepared. （ B） there is a rich supply of diverse foods. （ C） such diet is not as healthy as salads, fruits and vegetables. （ D） diverse foods vary
22、with seasons. 8 Which of the following can be a way to decrease the consumption of animal fat? （ A） Using less butter when cooking soup. （ B） Drinking more milk at breakfast. （ C） Eating more fish or poultry at dinner. （ D） Having two eggs at most daily. 9 What is the authors attitude towards restau
23、rant food? （ A） Optimistic. （ B） Impersonal. （ C） Enthusiastic. （ D） Anxious. 10 A nationwide pursuit of a sounder life style began when the American realized （ A） the disadvantages of smoking. （ B） me advantages of exercising. （ C） the advantages of prudent diet. （ D） the disadvantages of stress. 1
24、0 Logistically, it worked out best for me to fly east from Boston Logan to London Heathrow to Tokyo Narita, a trip which involves 26 hours of flight time and another 12 of waiting in airports. The time difference from Eastern Standard Time to Japan Time is 13 hours forward. I arrived at Logan at 3am
25、, the 16th of June, and left Narita at 8am on the 18th. Im afraid I wasnt really in the best mental shape once I finally landed; my memories of processing through customs are sketchy reconstructions based on small flashes of recollection. What I remember most about that arrival is my luggage. Terry
26、Pratchett and Neil Stephenson have both written amusingly about unwary travellers carrying too much baggage. I have to say that its a lot less amusing when its happening to you. I had imagined that the process on arrival would be like arrival at an American airport: I would pull the luggage off the
27、conveyor and put it on a trolley, trundle it 100 yards, and load it into some sort of car. Accordingly, I didnt really consider space or weight: I had two huge bags, each loaded to the 701b flight luggage limit. I had a giant cardboard box containing a full desktop computer system and two cubic yard
28、s of packing peanuts. I had another big box containing my bicycle. I was moving, after all, and this seemed a fairly minimal set of things to take for a stay of at least a year. The gentleman who the company sent to greet me at the airport was cheerful about my situation. A lot of people who he met,
29、 he told me, had similar situations. There was a shipping office conveniently located within the airport which could freight whichever items werent immediately necessary to the apartment which would become mine. It didnt matter that the larger box had gone squishy and organic, and was slowly leaking
30、 peanuts; the shipping companies were extremely talented here. In fact, he was very nice about everything but he never once offered to help carry anything. I shipped off my cardboard boxes, but I hadnt planned for a situation in which it would matter how much luggage I had, so necessary items were s
31、cattered between the two bags. We left for the company guest house where Id be staying: the cheerful semi-retired company man leading, and me following with 701b in each hand. We rode the train toward Chiba, with each of my bags taking up a pair of seats, and the two of us standing between them. We
32、left the train station and started walking to the house. It wasnt too far, he told me: less than two kilometers. We had the advantage of good weather, too: the temperature wasnt expected to break 30 degrees, and me humidity was only 70. The company man had it easy: he wasnt carrying anything. As for
33、 me, Ill just say that when you go to experience a foreign land, attempting a 2km walk while carrying 1401b of stuff in the first humidity of summer while exhausted is not the recommended starting point. Its kind of funny, but I didnt immediately feel like I was anywhere new. Yes, the roads were nar
34、row, me people were Asian, and the writing was funny, but Id seen each of those elements before. It wasnt until the first time I went to get something to eat that I had a really profound understanding that I was in Japan. The company man told me that I could survive eating prepackaged meals from con
35、venience stores, and showed one to me on the way to the guest house. The first food I ate in that country was a strawberry cream sandwich. That sandwich provided my “not in Kansas anymore“ moment; it took on a weird significance as my first step in participating in the widespread oddness that is Jap
36、anese culture. I slept for 14 hours that night, and woke up at 7am the next morning to a small earthquake. I was now in the Land of the Rising Sun, and those two elements had just cooperated to greet me. It felt good. 11 The author found that he had only vague memories about （ A） how he dealt with h
37、is luggage. （ B） how he landed in Narita Japan. （ C） how he passed through the customs. （ D） how he got over the time difference. 12 The author would most probably describe the experience of unwary travelers with too much luggage other than himself as （ A） interesting. （ B） ridiculous. （ C） painful.
38、 （ D） pleasing. 13 When the gentleman greeted the author, （ A） he took the authors luggage to the shipping office. （ B） he told the author he had never expected so much luggage. （ C） he showed the author to the shipping office. （ D） he refused to help the author with his luggage. 14 The author didnt
39、 ship off the two bags because （ A） items in them were of higher value. （ B） items in them werent available in Japan. （ C） they were comparatively lighter. （ D） they were of more immediate use. 15 The author finally realized he was in a foreign country when he （ A） processed through customs. （ B） at
40、e his first meal in Japan. （ C） got to the guesthouse on foot instead of by taxi. （ D） came to narrow roads and Japanese people. 15 The 35-year-old Beijing woman is watching an ad showing a giant television made by the Chinese company Haier. A stream of introduction for the television floats in and
41、out of view, including one about receiving electronic mail over me tube. A surfer rides the waves between skyscrapers, his wash leaving an “ in the water. The ad is “too direct“, she tells an interviewer. “There is this guy talking, telling me all about the product, showing me some images. We get it
42、 but we dont like it.“ Since a Shanghai television station aired Chinas first TV commercial in 1979, most have been the plain, straightforward, tell-the-name-of-the-product-and-what-it-does kind. Those started disappearing in the U.S. in the late 1960s in favor of more subtle pitches using irony and
43、 humor. Now a study says Chinese commercials dont have to talk down to consumers anymore either at least the one-third of them living in Chinas prosperous cities, and who most interest advertisers. Even the Western agencies that win awards elsewhere for hip, inventive commercials usually keep it sim
44、ple in China. After all this country only began flirting with capitalism 20 years ago and is fairly new to advertising. And to consumer culture, too. China is still a developing nation where an income of just $2,000 a year qualifies an urban household as middle-class. On the other hand, city people
45、who once aspired to own the “big three“ a television, refrigerator and washing machine have already moved up to DVD players and mobile phones. And with a population of 1.3 billion, the worlds largest, China is a huge market. That is why the worlds largest companies, from Coca-Cola to Procter & Gambl
46、e, are battling it out in China. Advertisers spent more than $500 million dollars through the first half of the year, estimates market researcher, making China the largest advertising market in Asia after Japan. The prevailing view of many of those advertisers and their agencies is that the Chinese
47、dont yet get clever or subtle advertising and they prefer a straightforward ad with lots of information. But the April survey of almost 500 people in five Chinas largest cities discovered “a savvy urban population, tired of a diet of boring ads and hungry to be treated as the sophisticated decision-
48、makers they are.“ In short, the Chinese appreciation of what makes a good ad is no different from their counterparts anywhere else in the world. 16 The 35-year-old woman was dissatisfied with the Haier ad because （ A） there is too much misleading information about it. （ B） its function is too simila
49、r to that of a computer. （ C） its advertisement was too difficult to understand. （ D） it has been advertised in a simple-minded way. 17 By saying that “Chinese commercials dont have to talk down to consumers“, the author suggests that （ A） the plain and straight-forward way of advertising should be abolished. （ B） it is not necessary to take up irony and humor in advertisement. （ C） advertisers are more interested in how to attract the high-class citizens. （ D） those disappearing in the U.S. may be just appropriate in China. 18 What can we
