1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 60及答案与解析 0 For 12 days every spring, the inhabitants of Erlangen, a university town near Nuremberg, forget their daily routines and devote themselves to the serious business of drinking beer and lots of it. The Berg, as it is commonly called, has been held every year since 1755 and is
2、 Germanys second-largest beer-fest after Oktoberfest, its more famous Munich counterpart. Although the Berg typically attracts more than a million visitors, far fewer foreign tourists come to the Erlangen festival than to the Munich event, which means there is much more here in the way of local ambi
3、ance. This years Berg takes place June 1-12, but when the festival finishes, the beer cellars and rides remain open all summer. Bergkirchweih roughly translates as “the dedication of the mountain church,“ referring to a church on the outskirts of Erlangen. Sturdy Bavarian 18th-century folk might fin
4、d it hard to recognize the modern-day town, but its not hard to imagine mem knocking back the local Kitzmann brew in its leafy beer gardens. “You cant go to the Berg without any beer,“ said Brocki, 29, who has attended the festival every year of the 15 he has lived in Erlangen. “You dont think, you
5、drink,“ agreed Brockis girlfriend Tanja Liebig. “You have to drink in the evenings.“ If you cant face the thought of a liter, there is an easier option. A liter of shandy(beer mixed with soft drink)may not contain quite as much alcohol, but the drinker is still confronted with the same volume of fro
6、thy liquid. “You can drink a beer, but you dont have to be drunk to enjoy it,“ Brocki stressed. Its still pretty hard to push your way through the crowds to check out the full selection of fairground rides and stands offering hearty German fast food like sausages or roast chicken. “Ive never seen so
7、 many people packed into one hillside before,“ said Gianni Brancazio, who visited last years festival from London. “Im finding it hard to lift up the mug, let alone drink whats in it.“ It may come as a surprise, but the countryside surrounding Erlangen known as Franconia is actually a wine-producing
8、 region. “The rest of the year I drink wine,“ said Axel Horndasch, who comes from the nearby town of Ansbach, during a break from the table-top dancing at the 2005 event. Its not all about drinking, many will be glad to hear. During the days between beery evenings, Erlangen makes a handy base for tr
9、ips to any number of nearby gems such as Bamberg, which offers a nearly complete historical guide to styles of architecture, or the quaint old town of Rothenburg ob der Tauber. Nuremberg, with its old center rebuilt almost from scratch after heavy wartime bombing, is almost part of the same metropol
10、itan area as Erlangen. On the citys outskirts is the infamous location for Nazi party rallies of the 1930s, a weird place set in incongruous surroundings beside a peaceful lake. Slightly farther afield, Munich and the Alps are also accessible, meaning that a trip to the festival can easily be combin
11、ed with a wider visit to southern Germany, Austria or even the Czech Republic. Even away from the Berg, its difficult to escape the beer. Across Bavaria, the smallest of places often has its own brewery, sometimes producing its own distinctive brews. “Its essential,“ said Horndasch. “Beer is bread.“
12、 1 According to the passage, Oktoberfest is （ A） the best world-famous festival in Germany. （ B） more popular than the Munich counterpart. （ C） a beer festival held in Munich. （ D） held before the Berg every year. 2 How is Erlangen compared to its conditions in the 18th century? （ A） One can never f
13、ind the church, Bergkirchweih, in the city now. （ B） Erlangen was only an agricultural town back in the 18th century. （ C） The city still keeps the traditional way of beer brewing nowadays. （ D） It is hard to imagine what life was like back in the 18th century. 3 According to Brocki, the best way of
14、 enjoying beer without getting drunk is to （ A） taste every kind of beer with a small mug. （ B） stop drinking when you feel uncomfortable. （ C） keep drinking without thinking much. （ D） have beer that is mixed with soft drink. 4 What is NOT true about the Berg at Erlangen? （ A） Beer and shandy are s
15、erved with a one-liter mug. （ B） Erlangen is actually more famous for wine than beer. （ C） The beer-drinking events are often held in the evenings. （ D） Visitors have all kinds of amusement besides drinking beer. 5 The location where the Nazi party meetings were held （ A） disgraced the peaceful lake
16、 nearby. （ B） was incompatible with the lake nearby. （ C） was secretly situated beside a lake. （ D） was rebuilt on the ruins of the WWII. 6 It can be inferred from the passage that Erlangen belongs in the area of （ A） Bavaria. （ B） Munich. （ C） Nuremberg. （ D） the German border. 6 “Can we speak of t
17、he death of the university?“ an English newspaper recently asked. Another offered the diagnosis: “Still breathing.“ Not only at this seminar, here and now, but all over the world the future of the universities is now being discussed. This is not only because we are entering a new century. Many peopl
18、e are asking whether the traditional research universities in fact have any future at all. This doubt seems mainly to be due to the development of the new technology, the massification of the universities, the idea of life long learning, the growing competition from other learning institutionsand ma
19、y be also because of the strong specialization that we now are experiencing in most fields of research. Many experts predict the demise of universities as we know them today, with a campus. Most universities in the western world at least the public universities are now experiencing a serious lack of
20、 funds, and the institutional solidarity must not take a form that leads to a draining of strength and vitality of the universities. There are, however, many ways of showing solidarity without using too much of the universities own funding. One of the tasks of the universities is to keep reminding t
21、he authorities of the importance of spending money on research and education in developing countries. The universities themselves must work in close co-operation with the development-aid agencies where the government provides most of the economic resources and the universities provide the competence
22、. It is also possible to share knowledge by giving easier access to recent findings, to make possible academic mobility and increased technical cooperation among regional groupings. Various academic cooperation programs may protect against brain-drain, which is now a serious threat in many countries
23、. Only through the development of local skill and competence, through increased numbers of providers and users of knowledge, can the developing countries bridge the gap separating them from developed countries. And the bridging of this gap will lead to societies that are freer and more peaceful. The
24、 universities have the competence, the possibility and therefore also a duty to promote the “intellectual and moral solidarity of mankind“ as stated in the UNESCOs constitution. 7 In this passage, the author regards universities primarily as （ A） an educational institution. （ B） a research instituti
25、on. （ C） a communal component. （ D） a social component. 8 Many experts are _ about the future of the universities problems. （ A） pessimistic （ B） sarcastic （ C） confident （ D） controversial 9 What problems do the public universities in the western world have to face nowadays? （ A） Their strength and
26、 vitality have been draining. （ B） The government has kept reducing research funds. （ C） Their funding is mainly from commercial agencies. （ D） They have to prevent brain-drain with limited funds. 10 The UNESCO is most concerned about （ A） the gap between developing and developed nations. （ B） how t
27、o make our society freer and more peaceful. （ C） the role universities should play in the society. （ D） how universities develop their competence. 10 The government and Microsoft plan to sell around the world Britains new system for online transactions between citizens and government after its succe
28、ssful launch in the UK. A key step in the governments $1.4 billion e-government program has seen online payment for the Inland Revenues pay-as-you-earn scheme, some Customs and Excise value added tax procedures, and claims for European Union subsidies for farmers all go live in the past month. At a
29、presentation in Seattle today, Bill Gates, Microsofts co-founder and chairman, will demonstrate the British system to 400 government officials from 80 countries to show how citizens and businesses can interact with government over the Internet. “Although some US states are using leading edge technol
30、ogy, Europe in general, and the UK in particular, is well ahead in implementing e-govemment initiatives. It should put the citizen at the center of government,“ says Davide Vigano, general manager of public sector at the software group. “The projects have been implemented in just 15 weeks using Micr
31、osofts net technology,“ said Andrew Pinder, the governments e-envoy. “This is a key piece of infrastructure, brought in on time and on budget,“ he said. The secure transaction technology is to be rolled out through about 200 central government departments and agencies and 482 local government instit
32、utions over the next five years in the drive to have all of the government online by 2005. The successful implementation is a coup for Microsoft which is trying to build up its enterprise software business and has targeted e-govemment. It has about 1,000 staff dedicated to government business. “This
33、 is a milestone for Microsoft,“ said Barry Goffe, group manager, net enterprise solutions at the Redwood, Washington state-based company. “Two years ago, when the technology for successful integration did not exist, we would have walked away.“ The hardware was supplied by Dell, and the servers are m
34、anaged by Cable and Wireless. The technology is based on XML, a new language protocol that allows information to be labeled and then easily exchanged between computers on different platforms. “People want to hang on to their legacy systems which have been massive investments, but integrating these h
35、as proven difficult and expensive in the past. Its astonishing how the friction has been wiped out by XML, which reduces paperwork, reduces complexity and slashes costs,“ said Mr. Goffe. 11 The online-transaction system has been first applied to the administration of_ in U.K. （ A） the distribution o
36、f agricultural subsidies （ B） the adjustment of customs registration （ C） the administration of importation （ D） the management of taxation 12 What is the purpose of the e-government program in UK? （ A） To enable the country to be most leading-edge. （ B） To beat the U.S. in technological advancement
37、. （ C） To put the citizens at the center of government. （ D） To take full advantage of the on-line resources. 13 Andrew Pinder is most probably （ A） the sales representative of Microsofts e-government program. （ B） the online speaker representing the UK government. （ C） the director of UKs e-governm
38、ent program. （ D） the budget official of UK government. 14 The e-government software is part of Microsofts （ A） enterprise software business. （ B） most profit-making products. （ C） secure transaction technology. （ D） most sophisticated technology. 15 Two years ago, the e-government program was still
39、 impossible due to the lack of （ A） advanced hardware. （ B） efficient servers management. （ C） the language protocol XML. （ D） research funding. 15 I start from my home in the quiet little suburb of Forest Hills, Long Island. Here, surrounded by green lawns, trees, and flowers, are neat little house
40、s, happy with the voices and movements of wives and children, havens of peaceful rest for men who toil in the city. I drive across the lacy structure of steel which spans the East River, and I get a new and startling vision of the power and ingenuity of the mind of man. Busy boats chug and scurry ab
41、out the river racy speed boat, stolid, snorting tugs. If I had long days of sight ahead, I should spend many of them watching the delightful activity upon the river. I look ahead, and before me rise the fantastic towers of New York, a city that seems to have stepped from the pages of a fairy story.
42、What an awe-inspiring sight, these glittering spires. These vast banks of stone and steel-structures such as the gods might build for themselves! This animated picture is a part of the lives of millions of people every day. How many, I wonder, give it so much as a seconds glance? Very few, I fear, t
43、heir eyes are blind to this magnificent sight because it is so familiar to them. I hurry to the top of one of those gigantic structures, the Empire State Building, for there, a short time ago, I “saw“ the city below through the eyes of my secretary. I am anxious to compare my fancy with reality. I a
44、m sure I should not be disappointed in the panorama spread out before me, for to me it would be a vision of another world. Now I begin my rounds of the city. First, I stand at a busy corner, merely looking at people, trying by sight of them to understand something of their life. I see smiles, and I
45、am happy. I see serious determination, and I am proud, I see suffering, and I am compassionate. I stroll down Fifth Avenue. I throw my eyes out of focus, so that I see no particular object but only a seething kaleidoscope of colors. I am certain that the colors of womens dresses moving in a throng m
46、ust be a gorgeous spectacle of which I should never tire. But perhaps if I had sight I should be like most other women too interested in styles and the cut of individual dresses to give much attention to the splendor of color in the mass. And I am. convinced, too, that I should become an inveterate
47、window shopper, for it must be a delight to the eye to view the myriad articles of beauty on display. From Fifth Avenue I make a tour of the city to Park Avenue, to the slums, to factories, to parks where children play. I take a stay-at-home trip abroad by visiting the foreign quarters. Always my ey
48、es are open wide to all the sights of both happiness and misery so that I may probe deep and add to my understanding of how people work and live. My heart is full of the images of people and things. My eye passes lightly over no single trifle; it strives to touch and hold closely each thing its gaze
49、 rests upon. Some sights are pleasant, filling the heart with happiness; but some are miserably pathetic. To these latter I do not shut my eyes, for they, too, are part of life. To close the eye on them is to close the heart and mind. My third day of sight is drawing to an end. Perhaps there are many serious pursuits to which I should devote the few remaining hours, but I am afraid that on the evening of that last day I should again run away to the theater, to a hilariously funny play, so that I might appreciate the overtones of comedy
