1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 77及答案与解析 0 Most people feel stress at some time in their lives. Some people like this pressure and work better because of it. Other people are not comfortable with any stress at all; they soon become unhappy if they feel stress. Sometimes stress can lead people to do things they would
2、nt usually do, such as overeat, smoke, drink, or use drugs. Stress, however, is a very normal part of life. It is important to understand that stress doesnt come from an event itself; that is from the things that are happening in our lives. It comes from the meaning we give to what has happened. For
3、 example, a crying baby may be stressful to one person, but it may not bother another person at all; a traffic jam may be stressful to one person while another person may be able to stay calm. We can experience stress any time we feel we dont have control. It can come from a feeling that we cant do
4、anything about a situation. Basically, it is the bodys way of showing anxiety or worry. Stress is not just caused by our mental or emotional condition. It is also influenced by how tired we are, whether we have a balanced diet with enough vitamins and minerals, whether we get enough physical exercis
5、es, and whether we are relaxed. The point at which stress becomes a problem changes from day to day, even for the same person. In some situations, if we are rested and feel good about ourselves, a little stress will not be a problem. In another situation, if we are tired or feel unsure about our abi
6、lities, even a small amount of stress can cause problems. For example, we might begin to worry about things that havent happened yet instead of working on things that are happening now. Or we might not feel able to find solutions to everyday problems. If we feel stressed, there are several things th
7、at we can do. First, we need to learn how to relax and breathe slowly and smoothly. We can also take some time out of our worried, busy schedule to notice the small things in life. Smell the air, look at the flowers, notice the small designs in the leaves on a tree these activities can do much to qu
8、iet us and to give ourselves a small break in a busy schedule. We need to take care of our bodies. Being tired makes it easier for us to get sick and to develop physical problems related to stress. We need to get enough rest, eat well, and do some regular exercise. Scientists have found that for our
9、 minds to think clearly, our bodies need to have certain vitamins and minerals; some of the most important vitamins are the B-complex vitamins. Doing regular exercise is also a physical way to let go of angry feelings or feelings of helplessness. Finally, we need to find what is causing the stress i
10、n our lives. Once we have found it, we need to begin to change that part of our lives. If we believe that we can control stress, we can begin to control our lives. Then we can start to use stress in a positive way. 1 The passage is mainly concerned with_. （ A） stress （ B） physical exercises （ C） die
11、ts （ D） anxiety 2 All of the following statements are correct EXCEPT that_. （ A） whether we like it or not, stress is a normal part in our lives （ B） something stressful to one person may be nothing at all to another （ C） stress is something that we can hardly control because it appears almost every
12、where in our lives （ D） whether stress causes problems or not mainly depends on how we feel about ourselves 3 According to the passage, stress comes from_. （ A） the solution to problems （ B） the structure of our minds （ C） the event itself （ D） the meaning we give to what has happened 4 Which of the
13、 following is NOT among the solutions to stress provided by the passage? （ A） We need to take care of our bodies. （ B） We need to discuss it with a psychological doctor. （ C） We need to find what is causing the stress in our lives. （ D） We need to learn how to relax and breathe slowly and smoothly.
14、5 Which of the following is CORRECT according to the passage? （ A） The best way for us to avoid stress is to relax and breathe slowly and smoothly. （ B） Stress may easily cause some physical problems unless we take enough vitamins and minerals. （ C） Doing exercise is not helpful to release stress. （
15、 D） Stress can be used positively. 5 If you didnt know any better, you might mistake the Newark Earthworks in southern Ohio for the product of some giant heaven spirit who went crazy with an Etch A Sketch. The Earthworks are actually a series of huge geometric mounds that anthropologists believe wer
16、e created two millennia ago by ancestors of Native Americans called the Hopewell people. The most significant feature still standing is known as the Octagon(八角广场 ), which has 550-foot-long earthen walls and a footprint big enough to hold four Roman Colosseums(古罗马的圆形大剧场 ). The structure is connected,
17、 via two parallel embankments, to a perfect, 20-acre circle. Together the two shapes form a sophisticated astronomical observatory scientists have discovered that the structure is precisely aligned with the 18.6-year lunar cycles northernmost moonrise. The residents of Newark will tell you that it i
18、s also precisely aligned with the ninth fairway at the private Moundbuilders Country Club. The Earthworks are a National Historic Landmark, and they are under consideration for the UNESCO World Heritage list of cultural and natural wonders. But if you want to see them well, youre too late. During th
19、e golf season, everyone but club members is kept out, except on four visiting days. Lets not condemn the club so fast. The club, which since 1910 has occupied the Octagon and covered all maintenance costs, is widely credited with preventing the place from being plowed under. The issue is how to acco
20、mmodate nonmembers who want more access, especially for Native American ceremonial purposes. Most visitors end up seeing only a tiny part of the Octagon from a small observation deck. Or they can follow the asphalt cart path that winds past the swimming pool, an old tennis court, and a parking lot t
21、o reach a chain-link fence through which, off in the distance, they can glimpse the loaf-shaped mound known as the Observatory. Several years ago the financially strapped Ohio Historical Society, which owns the Earthworks, extended the clubs lease until 2078. If the World Heritage site nomination go
22、es through, tourism would undoubtedly jump. That would certainly put more pressure on the club and historical society. One frequently suggested scenario is for the federal government to buy out the club and turn the Newark Earthworks into a national park. Some people simply refuse to be intimidated
23、by men wearing spiky(尖 的 )shoes and pastel(淡色的 )shirts. Cherokee elder Barbara Crandell has climbed the Observatory to pray for more than two decades but not once, the octogenarian is proud to point out, when the golf course has dictated. She goes when her heart calls. A few years ago, after Crandel
24、l, with the aid of a cane, made her way to the top, club officials showed up and asked her to leave. When she refused, she has arrested and later convicted of trespassing. Friends raised money and paid off her $883 fine and court costs in Sacagawea dollar coins. 6 According to the first paragraph, t
25、he Newark Earthworks are_. （ A） the product of some giant celestial spirit who went crazy with an Etch A Sketch （ B） a series of huge geometric mounds that the Hopewell people created two millennia ago （ C） the Octagon and a perfect 20-acre circle which it is connected to （ D） the structure that is
26、precisely aligned with the 18.6-year lunar cycles northernmost moonrise 7 The authors view about the golf club is that it_. （ A） makes contributions to prevent the place from being plowed （ B） should be blamed because the non-members are kept out of the Earthworks （ C） should allow the non-members t
27、o see the place during the golf season （ D） should be bought out by the federal government and turned into a national park 8 According to Paragraph 3, the following claims are correct EXCEPT that_. （ A） most visitors can see only a tiny part of the Octagon （ B） the loaf-shaped mound is far from the
28、chain-link fence （ C） it would put more pressure on the club if the nomination goes through （ D） the only way to protect the place is that the government buys out the club 9 Why was the octogenarian Barbara Crandell arrested? （ A） Because she refused to be intimidated by men wearing spiky shoes and
29、pastel shirts. （ B） Because she has climbed the Observatory to pray for more than two decades. （ C） Because she refused to leave the top of the Observatory when the club officials showed up. （ D） Because she made her way to the top and stayed there for a long time, unwilling to leave. 10 It can be i
30、nferred from the passage that_. （ A） the Octagon is four times bigger than Roman Colosseums （ B） the Earthworks have got the nomination for the UNESCO World Heritage List （ C） the club, instead of the Ohio Historical Society, owns the Earthworks several years ago （ D） people who want more access to
31、the Earthworks are always intimidated by the club officials 10 Tigers, the largest of the worlds cats, are the heart and soul of Asias jungles, grasslands, and deserts. Theyre so adaptable that they even thrive in the frigid Himalayan foothills and they are the dominant predator, literally the kings
32、 and queens, of every ecosystem they inhabit. But Asias exploding human population is eating away their forest home, and both tigers and their prey have been caught in the crosshairs(瞄准器 ), killed in vast numbers by hunters and more recently, by poachers. In just 100 years time, we humans have engin
33、eered their grand-scale death. A century ago, more than 100,000 tigers roamed across 30 nations, from Turkey to Siberia, throughout Southeast Asia down to the tip of Indonesia. Today, they hang on in just 12 countries; though theyre the national animal of six nations, theyve vanished from two of the
34、m, North and South Korea. Theyve disappeared from 93 percent of their former range; just 42 breeding populations remain, scattered across the continent. Half of all our wild tigers live in India. Recently, the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute analyzed the genetic vigor of tigers in a strin
35、g of reserves across central India, where I just spent three weeks. One of them, Pench Tiger Reserve, is a 100-square-mile(257-square-kilometer)patch that looks like an illustration from The Jungle Book: groves of towering bamboo, big-leafed teak trees and “strangler fig“ banyans filled with acrobat
36、ic langur monkeys. But Pench is essentially a leafy island. Its hard to believe that a century ago, this was mostly unbroken forest. Today it,(like many parks, especially in India)is being squeezed by an encroaching, crowded sea of humanity. These parks are bordered by a patchwork of rice paddies, c
37、rop fields, bordering on villages, cities, and all sorts of development. The surrounding land is segmented by roads, railways, scarred by massive mines and other barriers that render it dangerous and virtually impassable for these wide-ranging predators. Researchers found that in Pench and other res
38、erves that lacked corridors connecting them to other forests, tigers were far more inbred. Those cats had 47 to 70 percent less gene flow, and as we know from the medical history of European royalty, inbreeding(近亲繁育 )does not create the healthiest bloodlines. Tigers have lived in these lands for tho
39、usands of years; like all modern cats, they originated in Southeast Asia. The great roaring cats, Panthera were the first to branch off the cat family tree 10. 8 million years ago. Its a group that includes tigers, lions, leopards, jaguars and snow leopards. 11 The first paragraph claims all of the
40、following EXCEPT that_. （ A） tigers can survive from harsh environment （ B） Asian tigers dominantly live in forest （ C） Asias population growth leads to the decrease of the forest （ D） many tigers are killed by hunters and poachers 12 According to the passage, which of the following is CORRECT? （ A）
41、 Half of the tigers grow wild in India. （ B） Tigers are no longer the national animal in South Korea. （ C） Tigers become extinct in 18 countries during 100 years time. （ D） 93 percent of tigers former range remains for 100 years. 13 Why is the area bordering Pench dangerous for predators? （ A） Becau
42、se it looks like an illustration from The Jungle Book. （ B） Because there are abundant of visitors and development areas. （ C） Because it was mostly barren forest. （ D） Because there are kinds of transport infrastructure and barriers. 14 What is the purpose of mentioning the medical history of Europ
43、ean royalty? （ A） To confirm that inbreeding is not a good thing. （ B） To compare gene differences between cats and humans. （ C） To explain the definition of inbreeding. （ D） To refute the traditional idea about inbreeding. 15 What is the tone of the passage? （ A） Critical. （ B） Humorous. （ C） Serio
44、us. （ D） Unclear. 15 In the beginning, your kids need you a lot. Theyre attached to your hip, all the time. It might be a month. It might be five years. Then suddenly you are expected to send them off to school for seven hours a day, where theyll have to cope with life in ways they never had to befo
45、re. You no longer control what they learn, or how, or with whom. Unless you decide, like an emerging population of parents in cities across the country, to forgo that age-old rite of passage entirely. When Tera and Eric Schreibers oldest child was about to start kindergarten, the couple toured the h
46、igh-achieving public elementary school a block away from their home in an affluent Seattle neighborhood near the University of Washington. It was “a great neighborhood school“ , Tera says. They also applied to a private school, and Daisy was accepted. But in the end they chose a third path: no schoo
47、l at all. Eric, 38, is a manager at Microsoft. Tera, 39, had already traded a career as a lawyer for one as a nonprofit executive, which allowed her more time with her kids. But “more“ turned into “all“ when she decided that instead of working, she would homeschool her daughters: Daisy, now 9; Ginge
48、r, 7; and Violet, 4. We think of homeschoolers as evangelicals(福音派信徒 )who spend a lot of time at kitchen tables in the countryside. And its true that most homeschooling parents do so for moral or religious reasons. But education observers believe that is changing. You only have to go to a downtown S
49、tarbucks or art museum in the middle of a weekday to see that a once-unconventional choice “has become newly fashionable,“ says Mitchell Stevens, a Stanford professor who wrote Kingdom of Children, a history of homeschooling. There are an estimated 300,000 homeschooled children in Americas cities, many of them children of secular, highly educated professionals who always figured theyd send their kids to school until they came to think, Hey, maybe we could do better. When Laurie Block Spigel, a homeschooling c
