1、口译三级综合能力（听力综述）模拟试卷 3及答案与解析 一、 PART 4 (30 points, 30 minutes) Listen to the following passage. Write a short English summary of around 150 words of what you have heard. You will hear the passage only ONCE and you will have 25 minutes to finish you English summary at the end of the recording. This par
2、t of test carries 30 points. You may need to scribble a few notes in order to write your summary satisfactorily. 1 A Slow-motion Disaster Gnaws at Americas Shores Vocabulary and Expressions controversial wildlife refuge drastic decoy carver relentless revolt encroach dodge fortify skeptical 2 Sustai
3、nable Earth Vocabulary and Expressions stagger levee choke off a hard sell civil engineering low-lying infrastructure floodplain 3 Tsunami Earthquakes Vocabulary and Expressions shallow tectonic subsume bring on a sense of magnitude geophysical insights into inundate the Richter scale subduction tre
4、mor sparsely seismometer unstick evacuate signage 4 People-centered and Integrated Health Care Vocabulary and Expressions up-close compartmentalization screenings incentivize sky-rocketing hypertension behavioral health trimester oncologist circumvent substance abuse prenatal 口译三级综合能力（听力综述）模拟试卷 3答案与
5、解析 一、 PART 4 (30 points, 30 minutes) Listen to the following passage. Write a short English summary of around 150 words of what you have heard. You will hear the passage only ONCE and you will have 25 minutes to finish you English summary at the end of the recording. This part of test carries 30 poi
6、nts. You may need to scribble a few notes in order to write your summary satisfactorily. 1 【听力原文】 A Slow-motion Disaster Gnaws at Americas Shores Missions flown from the NASA base here have documented some of the most dramatic evidence of a warming planet over the past 20 years: the melting of polar
7、 ice, a force contributing to a global rise in ocean levels. The Wallops Right Facilitys relationship with rising seas doesnt end there. Its billion-dollar space launch complex occupies a barrier island thats drowning under the impact of worsening storms and flooding. Rather than move out of harms w
8、ay, officials have added more than $ 100 million in new structures over the past five years and spent $ 43 million more to fortify the shoreline with sand. Nearly a third of that new sand has since been washed away. Across a narrow inlet to the north sits the island town of Chincoteague, gateway to
9、a national wildlife refuge blessed with a stunning mile-long recreational beach - a major tourist draw and source of big business for the community. But the sea is robbing the townspeople of their main asset. The beach has been disappearing at an average rate of 3 to 7 meters a year. The access road
10、 and a 1, 000-car parking lot have been rebuilt five times in the past decade because of coastal flooding, at a total cost of $3 million. Officials of the wildlife refuge say they face a losing battle against rising seas. Four years ago, they proposed to close the beach and shuttle tourists by bus t
11、o a safer stretch of sandy shoreline. The town revolted. Like many local residents, Wanda Thornton, the towns representative on the Accomack County board of supervisors, accepts that the sea is rising, but is skeptical that climate change and its effects have anything to do with the erosion of the b
12、each. As a result, “Im just not convinced that it requires the drastic change that some people think it does,“ she said. Four years on, after a series of angry public meetings, the sea keeps eating the shore, and the government keeps spending to fix the damage. Wallops officials and the people of Ch
13、incoteague are united at the waters edge in a battle against rising seas. All along the ragged shore of Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic coast of the Delmarva Peninsula, north into New England and south into Florida, along the Gulf Coast and parts of the West Coast, people, businesses and governments
14、 are confronting rising seas not as a future possibility. For them, the oceans rise is a troubling everyday reality. This is the first in a series of articles examining the phenomenon of rising seas, its effects on the United States, and the countrys response to an increasingly watery world. Other s
15、tories will show how other nations are coping. In cities like Norfolk, Virginia, and Annapolis, Maryland, coastal flooding has become more frequent. Beyond the cities, seawater and tidal marsh have consumed farmland and several once-inhabited islands. Here in Accomack County alone, encroaching seawa
16、ter is converting an estimated 50 acres (20 hectares)of farmland into wetlands each year, according to a recent Environmental Protection Agency study. “It breaks my heart to think about it,“ said Grayson Chesser, a decoy carver whose ancestors arrived in the Chesapeake Bay area four centuries ago. H
17、e lives outside Saxis, a town thats losing ground to the water. Some nearby villages have disappeared altogether. “Youve got to deal with the fact that its happening and what are you going to do with those of us on the edge?“ Its a question the U. S. government is dodging. More than 300 counties cla
18、im a piece of more than 86,000 miles (138,000 km)of tidal coastline in the United States, yet no clear national policy determines which locations receive help to protect their shorelines. That has left communities fighting for attention and resources, lest they be abandoned to the sea, as is playing
19、 out in Chincoteague. “If we cant make a decision about rising sea level in a parking lot, were in trouble as a nation,“ said Louis Hinds, former manager of Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge. 1 【正确答案】 Flooding is increasing along much of the nations coastline, forcing many communities into costl
20、y, controversial struggles with a relentless foe. The NASA documented some evidence to show that the melting of polar ice is a major force contributing to a global rise in ocean levels. The space launch complex of the Wallops Flight Facility is endangered by the impact of worsening storms and floodi
21、ng. The officials did not move out of harms way, but spent much money to fortify the shoreline with sand, part of which has been washed away. Similar stories happen to many other places, where the sea keeps eating the shore, and the government keeps spending to fix the damage. In cities like Norfolk
22、, Virginia, and Annapolis, Maryland, coastal flooding has become more frequent. Beyond the cities, seawater and tidal marsh have consumed farmland and several once-inhabited islands. Its a question the U. S. government is dodging. Decisions should be made to deal with the rising sea level. 【试题解析】 这篇
23、文章讲述的是沿美国海岸线地区的洪水在增加，逼迫很 多社区花费财力跟这一自然灾害抗争，而他们采取的措施还有很多争议。文章举了美国航空航天局的沃罗普飞行研究所应对海平面上涨采取措施抗击洪水的例子。还指出在美国还有很多沿海城市都有着相似的遭遇。文章最后强调美国政府一直在逃避，是做出决定应对海平面上涨的时候了。 【知识模块】 听力综述 2 【听力原文】 Sustainable Earth Rio +20 shows how shoring up natural ecosystems can help protect us from Mother Natures fury. Natural disast
24、ers are a fact of life. Theres no controlling Mother Nature, and her wrath can, at times, be staggering. Last year, natural disasters from droughts in Africa and Russia to typhoons and massive flooding in Thailand caused a record $ 378 billion worth of damage. The indications are that the situation
25、will get worse, not better. Climate change is likely to make weather patterns more extreme. Theres no ignoring the problem, but there remains a critical question: What protects us better, human engineering or natural landscapes? Theres a natural human urge to rely on the things we make, but the less
26、ons of the past decade have led in a different direction. Often, the great works of civil engineering that we built as insurance against disaster had the opposite effect. Hurricane Katrina is a great example. Over the past century, the levees built to protect low-lying New Orleans choked off the nat
27、ural wetlands that once served as a buffer between the Big Easy and the Gulf of Mexico. Erosion has wiped out 1, 900 square miles of wetlands since the 1930s. Natural Defenses Researchers estimate that every 2. 7 square miles of wetlands reduces storm surge by a foot. So when the hurricane hit with
28、the areas natural buffers mostly gone the resulting flooding overwhelmed the citys elaborate man-made defenses, leading to the worst natural disaster to hit the U. S. in decades. In Katrinas case, environmental degradation played a direct role in turning a bad storm into a total catastrophe. But in
29、other places, its the sheer complexity of the human-built environment that makes it more prone to catastrophic failure. Take last years tsunami on the northern coast of Japan. It was bad enough by itself, but it was made worse when it set off a chain reaction that caused a meltdown at the Fukushima
30、nuclear power plant. Thats why the upcoming United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development will take a look at disaster preparedness from a different angle. Is it possible to use “green“ methods to avert catastrophe? “The natural infrastructure provided by ecosystems is often more locally acce
31、ssible and less expensive to maintain than human-made, or gray infrastructure,“ UN Environmental Program Director Ibrahim Thiaw said recently. “ Healthy ecosystems are the best insurance cover for those who depend on natural resources for their livelihoods and ultimately provide multiple social, eco
32、nomic, and environmental benefits regardless of whether a disaster occurs or not. “ Blueprint for Action Combining disaster preparedness with sustainable development may be a hard sell, but successful efforts are already under way. Even the Netherlands one of the most engineered countries in the wor
33、ld has instituted a program to make “ Room for the River,“ re-establishing the floodplains of its rivers. Can sustainable development plans go hand in hand with disaster prevention? Well only know for sure in time. 2 【正确答案】 Rio+20 shows how shoring up natural ecosystems can help protect us from Moth
34、er Natures fury. Theres no controlling Mother Nature and her wrath sometimes can be staggering. Climate change is likely to make weather patterns more extreme. Natural disasters are a fact of life. The great works of civil engineering that we built as insurance against disaster had the opposite effe
35、ct. Ecosystems provide natural defenses against natural disasters. Researchers estimate that every 2. 7 square miles of wetlands reduces storm surge by a foot. It is possible to use “green“ methods to avert catastrophe. The natural infrastructure provided by ecosystems is often more locally accessib
36、le and less expensive to maintain than human-made infrastructure. Healthy ecosystems are the best “ insurance cover“. Combining disaster preparedness with sustainable development may be a hard sell, but successful efforts are already under way. Well only know for sure in time whether sustainable dev
37、elopment plans go hand in hand with disaster prevention or not. 【试题解析】 “里约 +20”可持续发展大会上宣称：自然生态系统支撑可以保护人类免遭大自然母亲的惩罚。大自然母亲无法控制她的怒火，气候变化导致更极端的天气。自然灾害成了生活的常态，然而生态系统可以抵御自然灾害。自然生态跟人类基础设施相比，更能应对自然灾害，还可健康地成本低廉运行。将预防自然灾害和可持续发展结合实属不易，对其成效，我们将拭目以待。 【知识模块】 听力综述 3 【听力原文】 Tsunami Earthquakes New research has reve
38、aled the causes and warning signs of rare tsunami earthquakes, which may lead to improved detection measures. Tsunami earthquakes happen at relatively shallow depths in the ocean and are small in terms of their magnitude. However, they create very large tsunamis, with some earthquakes that only meas
39、ure 5. 6 on the Richter scale generating waves that reach up to ten meters when they hit the shore. A global network of seismometers enables researchers to detect even the smallest earthquakes. However, the challenge has been to determine which small magnitude events are likely to cause large tsunam
40、is. Once a magnitude 7. 2 tsunami earthquake occurred off the coast of Nicaragua in Central America causing the deaths of 170 people. Six hundred and thirty seven people died and 164 people were reported missing following a tsunami earthquake off the coast of Java, Indonesia several years ago, which
41、 measured 7. 2 on the Richter scale. The new study, published in the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters, reveals that tsunami earthquakes may be caused by extinct undersea volcanoes causing a “ sticking point“ between two sections of Earths crust called tectonic plates, where one plate slid
42、es under another. The researchers from Imperial College London and GNS Science in New Zealand used geophysical data collected for oil and gas exploration and historical accounts from eye witnesses relating to two tsunami earthquakes, which happened off the coast of New Zealands north island in the l
43、ast century. Tsunami earthquakes were only identified by geologists around 35 years ago, so detailed studies of these events are rare. The team located two extinct volcanoes off the coast of Poverty Bay and Tolaga Bay that have been squashed and sunk beneath the crust off the coast of New Zealand, i
44、n a process called subduction. The researchers suggest that the volcanoes provided a “ sticking point“ between a part of Earths crust called the Pacific plate, which was trying to slide underneath the New Zealand plate. This caused a build-up of energy, causing the plates to “unstick“ and the Pacifi
45、c plate to move and the volcanoes to become subsumed under New Zealand. This release of the energy from both plates was unusually slow and close to the seabed, causing large movements of the sea floor, which led to the formation of very large tsunami waves. All these factors combined, say the resear
46、chers, are factors that contribute to tsunami earthquakes. The researchers say that the 1947 New Zealand tsunami earthquakes provide valuable insights into what geological factors cause these events. They believe the information theyve gathered on these events could be used to locate similar zones a
47、round the world that could be at risk from tsunami earthquakes. Eyewitnesses from these tsunami earthquakes also describe the type of ground movement that occurred and this provides valuable clues about possible early warning signals for communities. Dr Rebecca Bell, from the Department of Earth Sci
48、ence and Engineering at Imperial College London, says: “Tsunami earthquakes dont create massive tremors like more conventional earthquakes such as the one that hit Japan in 2011, so residents and authorities in the past havent had the same warning signals to evacuate. These types of earthquakes were
49、 only identified a few decades ago, so little information has been collected on them. Thanks to oil exploration data and eyewitness accounts from two tsunami earthquakes that happened in New Zealand more than 70 years ago, we are beginning to understand for first time the factors that cause these events. This could ultimately save lives. “ By studying the data and reports, the researchers have built up a picture of what happened in New Zealand in
