1、口译二级实务模拟试卷 3及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 1
2、 Mr. Chairman, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, I should like, first of all, to once again thank the Norwegian Nobel Committee for the award they have made to the United Nations Peace-Keeping Operations. Their decision has been acclaimed all over the world. I take this opportunity also to express
3、 once again my deep gratitude to the countries, which have contributed troops or provided logistical support to these operations. It is to their willing cooperation that we owe the success of this great experiment in conflict control. Peace-the word evokes the simplest and most cherished dream of hu
4、manity. Peace is, and has always been, the ultimate human aspiration. And yet our history shows that while we speak incessantly of peace, our actions tell a very different story. Peace is an easy word to say in any language. As Secretary-General of the United Nations, I hear it so frequently from so
5、 many different mouths and different sources, that it sometimes seems to me to be a general incantation more or less deprived of practical meaning. What do we really mean by peace? Human nature being what it is, peace must inevitably be a relative condition. The essence of life is struggle and compe
6、tition, and to the extent perfect peace is an almost meaningless abstraction. Struggle and competition are stimulating, but when they degenerate into conflict they are usually both destructive and disruptive. The aim of political institutions like the UN is to draw the line between struggle and conf
7、lict and to make it possible for nations to stay on the right side of the line. Peace-keeping operations are one very practical means of doing this. What we are trying to create in the LIN is a world where nations recognize at the same time the ultimate futility of war and the collective responsibil
8、ity that men and women everywhere share for ensuring a decent future. All human experience seems to show that in international, as in national, affairs, rule of law is an essential objective for any society wishing to survive in reasonable conditions. We now recognize that all humanity-the whole pop
9、ulation of this planet-has in many respects become, through the revolutionary force of technological and other changes, a single society. The evolution of international law and international authority may well be decisive in determining whether this global society is going to survive in reasonable c
10、onditions. In a larger perspective, we must work towards a time when war will cease to be an acceptable option of national policy or a possible means of settling disputes, and when a reliable international system will take its place. From this perspective, the development of international peacekeepi
11、ng has an essential place, just as the concept of a civil police was essential to the development of rule of law within nation states. I hope that the attention now being given to peacekeeping, which is symbolized by the award of the Nobel Peace Prize, will not only strengthen our capacity to conduc
12、t the affairs of nations but also stimulate a wider effort to consider the new means and the new institutions needed to ensure a better common future. Thank you. 2 HIV/AIDS is now recognized clearly as a growing threat to China. According to official Chinese estimates, China now has approximately 84
13、0,000 persons infected with HIV. As of the end of 2003, only 62,159 persons had been tested and officially confirmed to be HIV-positive. The remaining HIV-positive persons in China, estimated at 780,000 persons or more, are not known to public health authorities, and the individuals themselves proba
14、bly do not know their status, posing significant risks for the further spread of HIV. Senior Chinese officials, as well as international experts operational in China, now assert that HIV is steadily moving from source population such as injecting drag users and commercial sex workers into the genera
15、l population. However, China has made important advances in outlook, policy and resource commitments. New leaders have emerged in China with a stronger commitment to improving social welfare and to addressing HIV/AIDS in particular. China has initiated a more proactive response to the HIV/AIDS chall
16、enge, including a national treatment and care program. New policy guidelines promote “four frees and one care“: free drug treatment for poor citizens, free testing and counseling for poor citizens, free treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, free schooling for AIDS orphans, and ca
17、re for families affected by HIV/AIDS. Senior leaders have committed to implementing harm reduction strategies, including condom promotion, needle exchange, and methadone substitution therapy for drug addicts. Formidable challenges lie ahead. In spite of many positive developments, daunting challenge
18、s - political, technical, and normative - lie ahead for China to combat HIV/AIDS. It is difficult to overstate the scale and challenges in terms of planning, costs, logistics, human resources, technical capacity, and the pervasive problems posed by stigma. Weak and incomplete national HIV testing an
19、d surveillance system, debilitated and dysfunctional public health system, particularly in rural areas, serious lack of qualified personnel and the necessary equipment and technologies to properly diagnose, counsel, treat, monitor and care for HIV/ADS, just to name a few. US-based commentators have
20、suggested that success in addressing HIV/AIDS in China will require continued high-level leadership, both in China and internationally. For engaged US policymakers, as well as country leaders and heads of international organizations, priority should lie in near to medium-term steps which sustain Chi
21、nese leaderships focus on HIV/AIDS and public health. Chinas formidable structural and organizational weaknesses must be addressed systematically. Failure to implement a more strategically coordinated plan risks the loss of international support over time. Prevention and awareness should receive hig
22、her priority in Chinas strategic national Plan to combat HIV/AIDS. And human resources development, through education and training of medical professionals, is crucial. 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from Chinese into English. Start int
23、erpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 3 在中关建交 25周年前夕，我应布什总统的邀请正式访问贵国。纽约是我访美的第一站，在这里能与各位新老朋友欢聚一堂，我感到很高兴。在此我要特别感谢美国银行家协会的盛情款待，向多年来为推动中美经贸合作做出积极贡献 的各位朋友表示敬意 !并通过你们向伟大的美国人民致以诚挚问候和良好祝愿 !/ 近一段时间，
24、中美贸易方面有些分歧和摩擦。各方面对我此次美国之行颇为关注。我首先要告诉诸位，我这次是为了寻求友谊与合作而来，不是来打 “贸易战 ”的。有些分歧问题的产生，实际上是相互不了解。我深信，中关双方通过对话与磋商，可以缩小我们之间的分歧，扩大我们之间的合作。 / 大家知道，经贸关系是两国关系的经济基础。互利共赢的中美经贸关系，不仅给两国人民带来了实实在在的经济利益，而且成为中关关系稳定发展的重要基础和强大动力。至于 中美经贸合作的迅速发展，对于周边地区经济繁荣乃至世界经济增长所起的促进作用，更是有目共睹。 / 中美贸易之所以能迅速发展，根本原因在于两国经济具有极大的互补性。这种互补性，很大程度上来自
25、两国经济资源条件、经济结构以及消费水平存在着很大的差异。这种差异性和互补性，将在今后长期存在，在经济全球化的大背景下显得更加突出。我认为，这就是中关贸易能够持续快速发展的客观基础。 / 4 从目前全球经济发展看，一些重要的特点和趋势值得我们高度重视。主要是：科技进步日新月异，前所未有地提高了人们认识和把 握宏观世界和微观世界的能力，为人类推动生产力发展和创造美好生活提供了强大支持；国际生产要素优化重组和产业转移加快，各国经济发展更加紧密地联系在一起，为各国实现经济合作共赢提供了有利条件。 / 同时，由于历史和现实等方面的原因，世界发展不平衡的问题日益突出，许多发展中国家背负着沉重的债务负担，外
26、部经济环境仍在恶化，南北发展差距进一步拉大；新的贸易壁垒和保护主义不断出现，多边贸易体制的发展面临困难；能源、资源消耗大幅度增长，生态破坏和环境恶化问题严重；包括地区冲突、恐怖主义在内的各种不确定、不稳定因素， 威胁着世界和平与发展的进程。 / 因此，可以说，人类的发展既面临难得机遇，也面临严峻挑战。在这种情形下，我们的正确选择只能是推进合作共赢，我们的共同目标只能是实现可持续发展。中国从自己的发展实践中深刻认识到：每个国家的发展都是一个持续的过程，今天的发展既是昨天发展的继续，又是明天发展的基础。 / 口译二级实务模拟试卷 3答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese T
27、ranslation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 1 【正确答案】 主席先生，各位使节，女士们，先生们： 首先我要再次感谢挪威诺贝尔奖委员会决定
28、颁奖给联合国维持和 平行动。他们的决定受到了全世界的欢迎。我还要借此机会向那些为维和行动派遣部队或提供后勤支援的国家表示深切的谢意。我们要把这种成功遏止冲突的伟大实验归功于他们的自愿合作。 和平，这个词唤起了对人性最朴素、最珍爱的梦想。和平现在是，而且始终是人类最热切的渴望。然而我们的历史却表明，当我们喋喋不休地谈论和平时，我们的行动却在讲述着完全不同的故事。和平在任何语言中都是一个很上口的词。作为联合国秘书长，我从不同的语言中和不同的地方经常听到它，以至于有时在我看来，这个词多多少少变成了没有真实意义的口头禅。 我们所说的和平到底意味着什么 ?依人性本来的样子，和平必定只是一种相对状态。生命
29、的本质是斗争和竞争。在某种程度上，纯粹的和平几乎是毫无意义的抽象。斗争和竞争是激动人心的，但如果它发展成为冲突，常会具有毁灭性和扰乱性。建立联合国这类政治机构的目的就是要划定斗争和冲突的界线，使各国能站在正确的一边。维和行动就是达到这样目标的实际手段。 我们在联合国正努力建立的是这样一个世界：在那里，各国都认识到战争最终于事无补，同时世界各地的男男女女为确保人类的美好未来共同承担了集体责任。所有人类经验都表明，在国际事 务中，正如在国内事务中，任何想在理性状态下生存的社会都会把法治作为至关重要的目标。我们现在认识到，在技术和其他革命性变革的推动下，整个人类，这个星球上的全部人口，已组成了一个单
30、一的社会。国际法和国际权威的演变或许决定着这个全球社会能否在理性状态下生存。 从广泛的角度看，我们必须为这样的时刻而工作：到那时，战争将不再是一种可接受的国策选择或解决争端的可行手段；到那时，一个可靠的国际体系将会取而代之。由此看来，国际维和事业的发展占有至关重要的地位，正如民事警察对民族国家内部的法治建设占有至关重要的地位一 样。我希望对维和事业给予的关注 其标志是此次诺贝尔奖的颁发 不仅能增强我们处理国际事务的能力，还将激发更加广泛的努力来思考：我们应采取什么样的新手段和建立什么样的新机构来创建我们更美好的未来。 【试题解析】 本文是关于世界和平的演讲。文章深入探讨了世界和平问题，描述了未
31、来工作的方向。本文要求应试者具有一定国际政治方面的专门知识，掌握某些国际机构的名称，这些知识构成考查应试者基本素质的内容，在较为短暂的时间内，应试者还需对复杂的长难句作出判断，使翻译不仅信息完整正确，还要基本符合汉语习惯。在 此基础上，应试者还要对文中的某些单词或短语作出判断，使其翻译不仅正确还要符合上下文语境的需要。 -基本素质采分点 1 excellency 使节 2 Norwegian Nobel Committee 挪威诺贝尔奖委员会 3 the United Nations Peace-Keeping Operation 联合国维持和平行动 4 Secretary-General (
32、联合国 )秘书长 5 Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖 -结构理解采分点 1 Human nature being what it is， peace must inevitably be a relative condition 原句使用了分词独立主格结构，其中又含有 what引导的表语从句，译文依照独立主格特点，将其仍按状语处理，但把表语从句译为前置定语。因此 ，原句可译为 “依人性本来的样子，和平必定只是一种相对状态。 ” 2 The aim of political institutions like the UN is to draw the line between
33、 struggle and conflict and to make it possible for nations to stay on the right side of the line 该句译文符合中文句子将修饰性成分前置的特点，且将原句拆分成相对简短的两个句子。因此，原句可译为 “建立联合国这类政治机构的目的就是要划定斗争和冲突的界线，使各国能站在正确的一边。维和行动就是达到这样目标的实际手段。 ” 3 All human experience seems to show that in international， as in national，affairs， rule of l
34、aw is an essential objective for any society wishing to survive in reasonable conditions 该句要求正确判断原文 that从句中的主语是 rule of law。该从句前半部分停顿较多，导致翻译时容易错误判断主语，因此有误译的可能。原句可译为 “所有人类经验都表明，在国际事务中，正如在国内事务中，任何想在理性状态下生存的社会都会把法治作为至关重要的目标。 ” 4 In a larger perspective， we must work towards a time when war will cease t
35、o be an acceptable option of national policy or a possible means of settling disputes， and when a reliable international system will take its place 该句中含有 when引导的定语从句，修饰其前的 a time，翻译时可将主句和从句拆分为两句话，这样更符合汉语语言习惯。因此，原句可译为 “从广泛的角度看，我们必须为这样的时刻而工作：到那时，战争将不再是一种可接受的国策选择或解决争端的可行手段；到那时，一个可靠的国际体系将会取而代之。 ” 5 I ho
36、pe that the attention now being given to peace-keeping， which is symbolized by the award of the Nobel Peace Prize， will not only strengthen our capacity to conduct the affairs of nations but also stimulate a wider effort to consider the new means and the new institutions needed to ensure a better co
37、mmon future Thank you 该句是复合句，宾语部分是 that从句，其内容是全句的重点翻译所在。该部分主要结构是 the attention will not only strengthen but also stimulate，只有把握住主要结构，才能正确理解各信息之间的关系。原句可译为 “我希望对维和事业给予的关注 其标志是此次诺贝尔奖的颁发 不仅能增强我们处理国际事务的能力，还将激发更加广泛的努力来思考：我们应采取什么样的新手段和建立什么样的新机构来创建我们更美好的未来。 ” -言语表达采分点 1 acclaim 欢迎 2 take the opportunity to
38、利用这个机会 3 provide logistical support 提供后勤支援 4 evoke 刺激，激励 5 ultimate human aspiration 人类最 热切的渴望 6 tell a very different story 却远不是这么回事 7 incantation 符咒；口头禅 8 to the extent 到 程度 9 degenerate into 下降，堕落到 地步 10 ultimate futility 最终于事无补 2 【正确答案】 当前在中国，艾滋病 毒和艾滋病被视为正在上升的一大威胁。据中国官方估计，中国已有约 84万人感染了艾滋病毒。但截止 2
39、003年底，仅有62159人经检查确诊为艾滋病毒阳性，其余 78万或更多的艾滋病毒阳性人员的情况并不为公共卫生部门所知，当事人自己对此或许也不清楚，这就构成了艾滋病毒进一步传播的重大危险。中国资深官员和在华国际专家都认为，艾滋病毒在中国正从一些特定群体，如注射吸毒人员和卖淫人员，向普通人群扩散。 不过，中国在观念、政策和资源投入方面已取得了重要的进步。新就任的领导人对改善社会福利，特别是处理艾滋病毒和艾滋病问 题加大了投入。中国对艾滋病问题做出了更加积极的反应，包括了实行全国性的救治计划。新的方针鼓励 “四免一关怀 ”，即对贫困患者药品免费，检查和治疗免费，防止母婴传染治疗免费，艾滋病孤儿上学
40、免费，以及关怀感染艾滋病毒和艾滋病的家庭等。中国的高级领导人还承诺执行减轻危害的政策，比如鼓励吸毒者使用安全套，针具以旧换新，以及进行美莎酮替代疗法等。 严峻的挑战还在前面，尽管中国已取得很多积极进展，但要战胜艾滋病，在政治、技术和标准方面还面临着十分艰巨的挑战。就规划、成本、后勤、人力资源、技术能力以及艾滋病羞耻所引起 的普遍问题来看，其规模之大，问题之严重，无论如何强调都不过分。这里仅举几例：脆弱和不完整的全国性艾滋病毒检查和监测系统，破败而难以发挥作用的公共卫生系统，特别在农村地区，以及在为艾滋病毒和艾滋病感染者提供正常的诊断、咨询、救治、监测和照顾方面严重缺少合格工作人员，必要的设备和
41、技术。 在美国的评论家认为，解决好中国的艾滋病问题，需要中国国内和国际上的高层继续发挥领导作用。关心此事的美国决策人士，各国领导人和国际组织的负责人应把制订近期和中期措施作为工作重点，促使中国领导层继续关注艾滋病毒、艾滋病和公共 卫生问题。中国巨大的结构和组织缺陷必须系统地加以整顿。如果不能执行一项策略上更加协调的计划将可能随着时间的推移失去国际上对它的支持。预防和宣传应在中国的抗击艾滋病毒和艾滋病的全国计划中处在更明显的地位。而通过教育和医疗专业人员的训练而开展人力资源的开发更是十分重要的。 【试题解析】 本文是关于中国艾滋病问题的评论，内容涉 及中国艾滋病的现状和对策。本文要求应试者具有一
42、定医学方面的专门知识，这些知识构成考查应试者基本素质的内容，在较为短暂的时间内，应试者还需对复杂的长难句作出判断，使翻译不仅信息完整正确，还要基本符合汉语习惯。在此基础上，应试者还要对文中的某些单词或短语作出判断，使其翻译不仅正确还要符合上下文语境的需要。 -基本素质采分点 1 HIV/AIDS 艾滋病病毒 /艾滋病 2 HIV-positive 艾滋病毒 阳性 3 methadone substitution therapy 美莎酮替代疗法 -结构理解采分点 1 The remaining HIV-positive persons in China， estimated at 780,000
43、 persons or more， are not known to public health authorities， and the individuals themselves probably do not know their status， posing significant risks for the further spread of HIV 该句是用 and连缀的并列句。在连缀信息上，分词起了重要作用，前半句使用了过去分词做定语，后半句使用现在分词做状语。翻译时，可随汉语习惯，将分词短语部分变为简短分句。因此，原句可译为 “其余 78万或更多的艾滋病毒阳性人员的情况并不为
44、公共卫生部门所知，当事人自己对此或许也不清楚，这就构成了艾滋病毒进一步传播的重大危险。 ” 2 New leaders have emerged in China with a stronger commitment to improving social welfare and to addressing HIV/AIDS in particular 原句中 have emerged本为全句谓语，但在译文中为避免重复啰嗦，可略去不译，这就需要将原文中 with a stronger commitment介词短语用做译文的谓语为“加大投入 ”，因此原句可译为 “新就任的领导人对改善社会福利，特
45、别是处理艾滋病毒和艾滋病问题加大了投入。 ” 3 In spite of many positive developments， daunting challengespolitical，technical， and normativelie ahead for China to combat HIV/AIDS 该句中固定表达 in spite of可根据中文习惯译为 “尽管 但是 ” ，因此，原句可译为 “尽管中国已取得很多积极进展，但要战胜艾滋病，在政治、技术和标准方面还面临着十分艰巨的挑战。 ” 4 It is difficult to overstate the scale and c
46、hallenges in terms of planning， costs，logistics， human resources， technical capacity， and the pervasive problems posed by stigma 根据中文可将较长的补充修饰成分前置的特点，将原句中 in terms of短语内容置于译文句首；因此，原句可译为 “就规划、成本、后勤、人力资源、技术能力以及艾滋病羞耻所引起的普遍问题来看，其规模之大，问题之严重，无论如何强调都不过分。 ” 5 For engaged US policymakers， as well as country
47、leaders and heads of international organizations， priority should lie in near-to medium-term steps which sustain Chinese leaderships focus on HIV/AIDS and public health. 原文中主语是抽象名词 priority，根据汉语表达直观、具体的特点， 可将原文句首的 for 介词短语用做全句主语。因此，原句可译为 “关心此事的美国决策人士，各国领导人和国际组织的负责人应把制定近期和中期措施作为工作重点，促使中国领导层继续关注艾滋病毒、艾
48、滋病和公共卫生问题。 ” -言语表达采分点 1 infected with HIV 感染艾滋病病毒 2 pose significant risks for 对 构成重大危险 3 resource commitment 资源投入 4 proactive 更为积极的 5 four frees and one care 四免一关怀 6 needle exchange 针具以旧换新 7 daunting challenge 严峻的挑战 8 surveillance system 监测系统 9 address HIV/AIDS 解决艾滋病问题 10 near-to medium-term 近期和中期 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from Chinese into English. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 3 【正确答案】 W
