1、口译二级实务模拟试卷 9及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 1
2、 Chinas economy, once reliant on state spending in heavy industry, has increasingly looked to the retail sector for growth. Market-oriented reforms begun in 1978 have created a growing private sector, and much of that is concentrated in the retail trade. The state has also moved aggressively to tap
3、the retail market as reforms put money in the pockets of the nations consumers. That has created a service economy where, sometimes, the customer really is king. Before the reforms took hold, a shopping excursion often meant a test of wills, with sleepy attendants at state-owned stores with little i
4、ncentive to sell. Goods were often shoddy and carelessly displayed. Shortages were common and ration coupons were needed to buy anything from rice to cloth and cooking oil. Those days are all but forgotten now. Broadly defined, retail consumption, estimated in excess of US$450 billion, is growing by
5、 about 10% annually. With a value added tax of 17% applied to all goods, the retail trade is a major contributor to state revenue. Since 1978, the private sector has embraced retailing in a big way. Government-owned factories have been forced to lay off millions of workers to trim costs and start ma
6、king a profit. That has driven many of those workers into the retail sector, with a high percentage operating privately-run corner shops, convenience stores, clothing shops, bars and restaurants, and even beauty parlors and dry cleaners. Foreign investors have also moved into the market in force, in
7、vesting more than US$3 billion in China since 1992. Headed by the likes of Carrefour and Wal-Mart, some 300 foreign-funded retailers with 2,200 chain stores have been approved and the pace is certain to accelerate following Chinas entry into the WTO. While foreign-invested stores still account for o
8、nly 2-4% of all retail sales, their impact has been profound. Their presence has forced local retailers to compete by expanding their scale of business and making their stores more attractive to customers. The new entrants in the market have brought an array of goods. While foreign brands were once
9、reserved for the elite or wealthy foreigners, they are now aimed at local customers. 2 Tight electricity supply is constraining Chinas economic growth-a situation likely to persist for three to four years until new capacity comes online. The energy shortfall has not yet severely hampered U.S. busine
10、ss operations in China, but this remains a distinct possibility. Shortages have now spread to two-thirds of Chinas provinces, affecting Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and other first-tier cities. Plants in Chinas manufacturing heartland, the Pearl River Basin and East China now experience frequent ma
11、ndatory shutdowns. Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces have imposed electricity rationing. Many plants have installed costly back-up diesel generators. Shanghais demand for electricity outstrips supply by two to four million kilowatts. The tight supply is causing price increases at the front end of the m
12、anufacturing supply chain. High energy costs are a competitive disadvantage for China in the world marketplace. Quality, quantity, and security of supply also are essential for Chinas continued economic growth. Present restrictions on the direct sale of electricity, oil, and gas to industrial users
13、promote inefficiency and non-competitiveness. Much of the current concern with the “overheating“ of Chinas economy has been driven by the fear that the energy supply is not keeping up with the development of major energy-consuming industries. Chinas rapid economic growth, especially in the construct
14、ion and manufacturing sectors, is behind the electricity shortage. Chinas energy industry has doubled in absolute terms during the last ten years, but such growth has been insufficient to meet demand. It takes five to seven years to design, construct, and commission a major thermal power plant, seve
15、n to ten years to explore and develop an oilfield, and five years to develop a coalmine. All require extremely large capital investment. Despite the fact that China has the worlds second largest coal reserves and worldwide coal and coke prices are at eight-year highs, supply has not been able to kee
16、p up with demand. Efforts to raise electricity production in the near term have been hampered by deficient railroad capacity, which has prevented coal from reaching power stations. While coal price cycles usually do not coincide with oil prices, current high prices in both commodities have supply st
17、raining to meet demand. While China only imported 0.6 percent of world oil supplies in 1995, it now imports 3 percent of the worlds oil. China, like the United States, is becoming increasingly vulnerable to disruptions in the worlds supply of oil. 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (50 points, 30
18、 minutes) Interpret the following passages from Chinese into English. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 3 中美两国建交以来，人民之间的交往不断扩大。两国已缔结了 33对友好省州和 123对姊妹城市。去年，到中国旅游的美国人多达 131万人次。中国
19、赴美探亲、求学、经商的有 44万人次。中国有超过 18万人曾在美国留学，目前在读的留学生有六万余人。而在中国学习的美国留学生只有约 3000人，位居外国在华留学人数第 3位。中美在教育领域的交流与合作还有很大发展空间。中国绝大多数大中小学生都学习英语，总人数超过 1.2亿。美国已有近 1000所高校和 200多所中小学开设了中文课程，华人华侨开办了近 600所 中文学校，包括在马里兰大学创建的孔子学院。但与中美交往的需要相比，美国的汉语教学任重道远。 中美两国人民相互抱有友好感情，美国卡通形象 “米老鼠 ”在中国深受小朋友喜爱，中国篮球运动员姚明在美国也是家喻户晓。不断深化和扩大两国人民的交流
20、与合作，增进相互了解与友谊，将有助于夯实中美建设性合作关系的社会基础，也有助于更好地服务两国人民的利益。中国文化部和美国肯尼迪表演艺术中心计划在华盛顿共同举办 “中国艺术节 ”，届时 600多名中国艺术家将登台献艺或举办艺术展览。这是中美两国文化交流的又一盛事。 我们在 人际交往中信奉 “和而不同 ”的原则，我们历来主张各国文明虽有不同，却不相斥；虽有差异，却能交融。作为世界上有重要影响的大国，中美应该相互尊重、相互学习、求同存异、取长补短，为不同国家、不同文明之间和谐共存、进行建设性合作树立榜样，为实现人类的共同发展作出贡献。 青少年代表着世界的未来。从两国交流学生的身上，我看到了中美人民间
21、的深厚友谊，看到了中美关系的光明前景。我相信，中美关系的明天一定会更加美好。明天属于未来一代，创造美好的明天则是我们这一代人必须承担的责任。让我们立足当前，放眼长远，从战略的高度审 视和处理中美关系，认真落实两国领导人达成的共识，坚持中美三个联合公报的指导原则，牢牢把握两国共同利益，加强对话、交流与合作，推动中美建设性合作关系不断向前发展。 4 旅游是一项集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动。旅游业随着时代进步而不断进步。从 20世纪中期起，现代旅游业在全世界迅速发展。 游客人数不断增长，旅游业规模持续扩大，旅游经济地位显著提升，旅游活动愈益成为各国人民交流文化、增进友谊、扩大交往的重要
22、渠道，对人类生活和社会进步产生越来越广泛的影响。 古往今来，旅游一直 是人们增长知识、丰富阅历、强健体魄的美好追求。在占代，中国先哲们就提出了 “观国之光 ”的思想，倡导 “读万卷书，行万里路 ”，游历名山大川，承天地之灵气，接山水之精华。 新中国成立后，特别是改革开放以来，中国政府高度重视旅游工作，旅游业持续快速发展，已经成为一个富有蓬勃活力和巨大潜力的新兴产业。目前已被列入世界文化遗产地和世界自然遗产地达 29处。 口译二级实务模拟试卷 9答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpre
23、t the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 1 【正确答案】 中国经济一度靠国家投资重工业来维持增长，而 目前零售业已日趋成为经济的增长点。 1978年开始的市场经济改革使私人经济不断扩大，而其中很大部分都集中在零售业。随着
24、改革使消费者的收入日益提高，国家加速了零售业的发展。服务产业的形成使顾客有时也有了当 “上帝 ”的感觉。 改革前，逛街购物通常意味着对意志的考验，国营商场里那些昏昏欲睡的售货员们卖东西的积极性不高。货物的质量往往不够好，商品的摆放也是漫不经心。缺货断货是常有的事，大米、布匹、食用油都要凭票购买。那样的日子早已一去不复返了。 广义上的零售消费额估计超过 4500亿美元，并以每年 10%的 速度递增。加上所有商品 17%的增值税，零售业已成为国家财政收入的主要来源之一。自 1978年以来，私营经济大规模进入零售业。国有企业为了降低成本和赢利被迫大批裁减职工。许多下岗职工进入零售业，不少人经营小卖铺
25、、便利店、服装店、酒吧、餐馆，甚至美容店和干洗店。 国外投资商也大举进入零售市场。自 1992年以来，他们在中国的投资已超过 30亿美元。以家乐福和沃尔玛为首，约 300家外资零售商获准在中国设立 2200家连锁店。随着中国的人世，这一发展速度肯定还要加快。虽然外商在零售总额中只占2% 4%，但他们对市 场却产生了深远的影响。外商的存在促使国内零售企业在竞争中不断扩大规模，增强对顾客的吸引力。新来者为市场带来了大量的商品，原来仅为精英人士和外国富人准备的外国名牌商品，现在也瞄准了中国本地的消费者。 【试题解析】 本文主要讨论中国零售业发展的情况。文章将中国市场经济改革前的情况和改革后的情况作了
26、比较，说明中国零售业的迅速发展。文章认为国外投资商大举进入中国零售市场和中国加入世贸组织会对中国零售市场产生深远影响。文章使用了大量的数字统计，以使观点更具有说服力。 本文要求考查应试者对中国零售 业方面基本知识的掌握情况，包括某些专门用语、具有中国特色的表达、数字单位的换算、专有名词等的掌握情况，以确定其翻译的基本素质；在此基础上，应试者还要在相当短的时间内对长难句理解并准确完整地翻译；对某些短语和单词确切理解其含义并能理解其在上下文语境中的确切用法，使全文的翻译不仅准确完整，而且符合本族语的语言习惯。 -基本素质采分点 以下单词或短语是本文的基础知识点，包括具有中国特色的表达法、专有名词、
27、经济术语、数字单位的换算等，需要应试者正确理解并翻译。 1 market-oriented reform 市场经济改革 2 state-owned 国有的 3 ration coupon 配额票据 (这里指中国经济改革前实行凭票供应的各种票据 ) 4 US$450billion 4500亿美元 5 value added tax 增值税 6 lay off 下岗 7 Carrefour 家乐福 (国外著名大超市连锁店名 ) 8 Wal-Mart 沃尔玛 (国外著名大超市连锁店名 ) 9 WTO 世界贸易组织 -结构理解采分点 以下各句是本文出现的长难句，需要应试者在很短时间内，判断其结构、大意
28、并组织翻译语言，且保证信息的完整和准确。这要求在听时，应试者要注意长句的基本结构，而后补充次要结构的内容。但组织语言时，因原句信息过于庞杂，这就要求应试者不仅能用符合本族语言习惯的方式表述信息 ，而且要保证信息在表述过程中不会缺失或误译。 1 Chinas economy， once reliant on state spending in heavy industry， has increasingly looked to the retail sector for growth 该句是简单句，其主要结构是 Chinas economy has looked to the retail se
29、ctor for growth，而 once后面的 reliant on形容词短语是对 Chinas economy的修饰和补充。翻译时，可按照汉语句短的特点，将全句拆成两个句子，又因是口译，可按原句的天然顺序组合信息。因此，原句可译为 “中国经济一度靠国家投资重工业来维持增长，而目前零售业已日趋成为经济的增长点。 ” 2 With a value added tax of 17% applied to all goods， the retail trade is a major contributor to state revenue 该句是简单句，其主要结构是 the retail tra
30、de is a major contributor，该句前 with表伴随状态的结构中还有 applied过去分词短语修饰 a value added tax，翻译时要将这个过去分词短语译为前置定语。该句主要结构中 contributor to是动词词组 contribute to(对 作出贡献 )的变化形式，在口译时可根据上下文情景灵活翻译，因此，原句可译为 “加上所有商品 17%的增值税，零售业已成为国家财政收入的主要来源之一。 ” 3 That has driven many of those workers into the retail sector， with a high per
31、centage operating privately-run corner shops， convenience stores， clothing shops， bars and restaurants， and even beauty parlors and dry cleaners 该句虽然很长，但是简单句，主要结构是 with短语之前的部分， with短语部分是现在分词独立主格结构做全句的状语，该部分信息量大，以并列结构形式出现，口译 时，需要注意不要漏译。由于 with短语部分内容庞杂，可将其加主语，译为一句话，因此，原句可译为 “许多下岗职工进入零售业，不少人经营小卖铺、便利店、服
32、装店、酒吧、餐馆，甚至美容店和干洗店。 ” 4 Headed by the likes of Carrefour and Wal-Mart， some 300 foreign-funded retailers with 2,200 chain stores have been approved and the pace is certain to accelerate following Chinas entry into the WTO 该句是 and连接的并列句，包含信息量大。全句主要结构是 someretailers have been approved and the pace is
33、certain to accelerate。该句句首 headed by过去分词短语和句尾 following现在分词短语均为句中状语成分，以使该句的信息量丰满。全句可按照自然语法单位和自然顺序，拆成三个分句，因此，原句可译为 “以家乐福和沃尔玛为首，约 300家外资零 售商获准在中国设立 2200家连锁店。随着中国的人世，这一发展速度肯定还要加快。 ” 5 While foreign-invested stores still account for only 2-4% of all retail sales， their impact has been profound。 该句是复合句，
34、while表 “虽然 ”引导让步状语从句。该句的翻译要点是正确理解while的含义。因此，原句可译为 “虽然外商在零售总额中只占 2% 4%，但他们对市场却产生了深远的影响。 ” -言 语表达采分点 在注意了整体表达的基础上，应试者还应该正确处理对某些重要短语或单词的理解和翻译，以使译文完整通畅。 1 take hold 主管 2 incentive 刺激，动力 3 in excess of 超过 4 state revenue 国家财政收入 5 embrace 拥抱；采取；包含 (该词必须在上下文情景中翻译 ) 6 trim cost 降低成本 7 in force 大量地，大批地 8 ac
35、count for 占 9 an array of 一系列的 10 elite 精英人士 2 【正确答案】 供电紧张正在制约中国的经济增长，这种情况有可能还要持续三四年，直至新的发电厂投产运营。虽然能源短缺尚未严重影响美国企业在中国的运营，这种可能性显然存在。电力短缺已蔓延到中国三分之二的省市，影响到北京、上海、广州和其他一级城市。位于中国制造业中心的珠江三角洲和华东的厂家正频繁遭遇拉闸限电。 浙江和江苏两省则 开始实行配额供电。不少工厂安装了昂贵的应急柴油发电机。上海市的电力缺口已达 200-400万千瓦。供电紧张引起制造业供应链上游价格上涨。高成本能源已成为中国在全球市场竞争中的一个劣势，
36、而能源的质量、数量和供应安全对中国经济的持续增长至关重要。目前国家限制直接向工业用户出售电力、原油和天然气的作法降低了效率和竞争力。而人们对中国 “经济过热 ”的关注很大程度上是由于担心能源不能满足主要耗能产业的发展。 中国经济的高速发展，尤其是建筑业和制造业的高速发展是电力短缺的原因所在。按绝对数字衡量，中国的能源工业较十 年前翻了一番，但仍然无法满足需求。设计、建设和投产一个大型热力发电厂要 5 7年时间，勘探和开发一个油田要7 10年时间，开发一个煤矿则需要 5年时间，而且都需要巨额的投资。 尽管中国拥有世界第二大煤炭储量，而全球煤炭和焦碳的价格正处在 8年来的新高，中国的能源供应仍未能
37、满足需求。铁路向电厂输送燃煤的运力不足也影响到短期内提高电力生产的努力。通常，煤炭和石油的价格涨落周期不同，但目前这两种商品的价格都居高不下，使供应很难满足需求。 1995年中国石油进口仅占全球石油供应量的 0.6%，现在这一比例已增至 3%。 和美国一样，中国也日益受到世界石油市场动荡的影响。 【试题解析】 本文主要讨论中国的能源形势。文章通过具体事例说明中国的电力供应情况不容乐观，并深入分析了电力紧张的原因。 本文要求考查应试者对中国电力方面基本知识的掌握情况，包括某些专门用语、具有中国特色的表达、专有名词等的掌握情况，以确定其翻译的基本素质；在此基础上，应试者还要在相当短的时间内对长难句
38、理解并准确完整地翻译；对某些短语和单词确切理解其含义并能理解其在上下文语境中的确切用法，使全文的翻译不仅准确完整，而且符合本族语的语言习 惯。 -基本素质采分点 1 energy shortfall 能源短缺 2 first-tier cities 一级城市 3 Pearl River Basin 珠江三角洲 4 kilowatt 千瓦 5 mandatory shutdown 拉闸限电 6 electricity rationing 配额供电 -结构理解采分点 1 Tight electricity supply is constraining Chinas economic growtha
39、 situation likely to persist for three to four years until new capacity comes online 该句是简单句，破折号后面的名词性短语部分修饰该符号前的句子主干成分。该句可按中文句特点按自然顺序拆成两个中文句，破折号后面部分自成一句，但注意其中表抽象的单词 capacity应根据上下文具体化为发电厂，因此，原句可译为 “供电紧张正在制约中国的经 济增长，这种情况有可能还要持续三四年，直至新的发电厂投产运营。 ” 2 Present restrictions on the direct sale of electricity
40、， oil， and gas to industrial users promote inefficiency and noncompetitiveness 该句可根据原文自然语法顺序翻译，但需根据汉语惯用法，采取反语表达，如将 promote， inefficiency 和 non-competitiveness反译，使整个译 文通顺流畅。因此，原句可译为 “目前国家限制直接向工业用户出售电力、原油和天然气的作法降低了效率和竞争力。 ” 3 Much of the current concern with the “overheating” of Chinas economy has bee
41、n driven by the fear that the energy supply is not keeping up with the development of major energy-consuming industries 该句可按其正常语法结构顺序翻译，但要注意句中 be driven by(为 所驱动 )实际上表原因，这可以在译文中体现。因此，原句可译为 “而人们对中国 经济过热 的关注很大程度上是由于担心能源不能满足主要耗能产业的发展。 ” 4 It takes five to seven years to design， construct， and commissio
42、n a major thermal power plant， seven to ten years to explore and develop an oilfield， and five years to develop a coalmine All require extremely large capital investment 该句主要结构是 It takes+时间 +to do，翻译按套路译便可，需要注意的是要正确理解并翻译文中的动词。因此，原句可译为 “设计、建设和投产一个大型热力发电厂要 5-7年时间，勘探和开发一个油田要 7-10年时间，开发一个煤矿则需要 5年时间，而且都需
43、要巨额的投资。 ” 5 China， like the United States， is becoming increasingly vulnerable to disruptions in the worlds supply of oil 本句译文要求按汉语习惯，先表达次要部分，再传递主要部分的含义，因此需要重组原句句子结构。原句可译为 “和美国一样，中国也日益受到世界石油市场动荡的影响。 ” -言语表达采分点 1 come online 投产运营 2 hamper 防碍 3 back-up diesel generator 应急柴油发电机 4 outstrip 超过，超越 (文中在上下文
44、背景下译作名词 “缺口 ”) 5 be behind 是 的原因所在 6 commission 投产 7 coal reserves 煤炭储量 8. in the near term 短期内 9. coincide with 与 吻 10. straining 压 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from Chinese into English. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it
45、at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 3 【正确答案】 Since the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and the United States, contacts between the two peoples have been on constant increase. Thirty-three pairs of friendship
46、provinces (states) and 123 pairs of sister cities have been twinned. More than 1.31 million Americans visited China last year alone while 440,000 Chinese went the other way for family reunion, education or business. More than 180,000 Chinese have studied in the United States with over 60,000 still s
47、tudying in US schools or universities. In contrast, only some 3,000 Americans are now studying in China, ranking third in foreign student population breakdown. Clearly there is a huge potential for educational exchanges and cooperation between the two countries. In China, most colleges, middle schoo
48、ls and primary Schools have English on their curriculums, with the total number of students reaching 120 million. In the United States, nearly 1,000 colleges and over 200 elementary or high schools offer Chinese courses. The Chinese communities have set up some 600 Chinese language schools, includin
49、g the Confucius School set up in the University of Maryland. Still, Chinese language learning in the United States is a far cry from the needs of bilateral exchanges. The Chinese and Americans have cherished warm sentiments towards each other. Mickey Mouse is very popular among Chinese kids while Chinese basketba
