[外语类试卷]四川大学考博英语模拟试卷2及答案与解析.doc
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1、四川大学考博英语模拟试卷 2及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Developing a peaceful, understanding, and supportive relationship between parents and children is not an easy task. Failures can and do occur at any age level, and at times the results are the abuse, neglect, and even death of children. Child abuse has
2、 become a major topic in child development and an issue of much national concern. In the span of four legislative years, 19631967, all fifty states enacted laws calling for the reporting of injuries inflicted on children. By 1973, the United States Congress passed the Child Abuse Prevention and Trea
3、tment Act(Public Law 93-247). This law not only reflected the mood of concerned citizens, but it also did much to clear up the confusion and disagreement over what is child abuse. The question “What causes child abuse?“ has prompted much debate. The single most persistent myth which had plagued effo
4、rts to understand causes is the notion that parents who abuse children are mentally disturbed or ill. Although there is no specific psychiatric diagnosis which comprises the behavior and personalities of abuser, they seem to share a common style of child rearing. Those parents demand high levels of
5、child performance and they often use severe physical punishment to ensure the childs proper behavior. Abusive parents themselves were raised in similar family situations and their own childhood experience has a lasting influence on their behaviors of adults. Current research has suggested, however,
6、that the “abuser is sick“ hypothesis is too limited. A broader social, psychological approach recognizes that some personal problems are implicit but that psychological factors arise out of a social context. Social factors include unemployment, social isolation, and unwanted pregnancy. Moreover, fin
7、dings that abuse occurs more frequently in larger families and families with low income, poor education, and low occupational status suggest that many such parents cannot withstand the twenty-four-a-day responsibility to raise and care for their children. These problems aggravate the situation, espe
8、cially when combined with tile general approval in our culture of violence. 1 This selection suggests that child abuse is_. ( A) a growing problem whose causes are not fully understood ( B) caused primarily by the mental illness of parents ( C) a problem in the United States, but a greater one in Eu
9、rope ( D) easily determined because of recent public laws 2 We can know from the second paragraph that the law passed by 1973_. ( A) received little attention from the public ( B) was condemned by abusive parents ( C) was aimed to expand welfare programs of the United States ( D) helped much in clar
10、ifying the problem 3 The person who is least likely to be a child-abusing parent is the one who_. ( A) was raised in abusive family situations himself ( B) creates a peaceful and supportive family environment for his children ( C) is unemployed or socially isolated ( D) is mentally ill 4 Which one o
11、f the following is most probably a cause of child abuse? ( A) Too high an income of the parents. ( B) Unemployment of the parents. ( C) Poor health of the child. ( D) Peculiar personalities of the child. 5 Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with? ( A) Violence on TV
12、 may contribute to child abuse. ( B) Medical doctors are largely to blame for unreported cases of child abuse. ( C) The media should not describe the details of child abuse cases. ( D) Violence in our society is acceptable unless children are victims. 5 Is language, like food, a basic human need wit
13、hout which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants
14、died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected. Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Neverthe
15、less, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and the languag
16、e might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has st
17、arted late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1, 000 words
18、which he can put into sentences, and at four he knows his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity of speaking. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system w
19、hich enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear“. And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new wa
20、ys. But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets di
21、scouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language. 6 What is the purpose of the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century? ( A) To prove that a baby couldnt live without his mother.
22、 ( B) To discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech. ( C) To find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak. ( D) To prove that a child would be damaged without learning a language. 7 Today some children are backward in speaking because_.
23、( A) they are incapable of learning language rapidly ( B) they are faced with so much language at once ( C) their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak ( D) their brain is not programmed to learn language rapidly 8 If a child starts to speak later than others, he will_in the future
24、. ( A) have a high IQ ( B) be insensitive to verbal signals ( C) be less intelligent ( D) not necessarily be backward 9 Compared with the brain of the monkey, humans brain is a complex system which enables a child_. ( A) to be born with the capacity of singing ( B) to see things more clearly than an
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