1、国家公共英语四级（综合）练习试卷 19及答案与解析 Part D Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. 0 【 B1】 What is the relation between the code and culture which creates it, and which it transmits to
2、the next generation? Linguists in the anthropological tradition had tried to establish links with meanings expressed lexically: Eskimo words for “snow“, Arabic words for “camel and so on“. Yet vocabulary only “reflects“ culture by courtesy of its internal organization as a whole; and the assertion t
3、hat because “camels“ are important to the Arabs, therefore they have a lot of different words for “them“ is a statement as much about English as about Arabic. 【 B2】 Presumably nothing is more important than rice to the Chinese; yet Chinese has a single word for rice-and it means various other things
4、 besides. Chinese happens to be a language of type that favors general nouns. 【 B3】 As the essential medium for people to organize and convey their ideas, language is no longer what it seemed to be for the traditional linguists who used to think of language as simple formal codes. It is also closely
5、 related to the context, social or anthropological, in which the communication takes place. 【 B4】 Today most linguists come to realize that language is an important component of culture. It determines not only the form in which ideas are transmitted, but also the method with which the content of the
6、 ideas are organized. In this perspective, language is also a communicative base on which members of a speech community form their ideas in a way that is readily comprehensible to other members of that community. It is also regarded as part of culture that is related to other fields of humanity stud
7、ies. But what is merely comic when applied to lexis becomes seriously misleading when applied to grammar. As Whorl pointed 50 years ago, it is naive and dangerous to take isolated grammatical phenomena and try to relate them to features of a culture. When linguists recognized this, their response wa
8、s to avoid the language/culture issue altogether, thus closing the door on an important area of research. 【 B5】 That there is a relationship between a code and the culture that engenders it is beyond question; but it is an extremely complex and abstract one. 一、 Section IV Writing (35 minutes) 6 Some
9、 people like to share a room with a stranger, while others dislike it. Write an essay to show your opinion about it. Your essay should include: both advantages and disadvantages of sharing a room with a stranger; your preference. You should write 160-200 words on ANSWER SHEET 国家公共英语四级（综合）练习试卷 19答案与解
10、析 Part D Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. 【知识模块】 Language and communication 1 【正确答案】 代号与创造它及被它传递给下一代的文化之间是什么关系呢 ? 【知识模块】 Language and communication 2 【正确答案】 也许对中国人来说没有任
11、何东西比大米更重要了，然而汉语中 大米只有一个词，而且它还表示许多其他的意思。 【知识模块】 Language and communication 3 【正确答案】 作为人们组织和传递思想的基本媒介，语言已不再是那些传统的语言学家曾经认为的一种简单的形式代号了。 【知识模块】 Language and communication 4 【正确答案】 今天大部分的语言学家都逐渐认识到语言是文化的一个重要组成部分。它不仅决定了思想被传递的形式，也决定了思想内容被组织的方式。 【知识模块】 Language and communication 5 【正确答案】 毫无疑问代号和产生它的文化之间存在一种关
12、系，但这种关系是极其复杂和抽象的。 【知识模块】 Language and communication 一、 Section IV Writing (35 minutes) 6 【正确答案】 My Opinion on Sharing a Room with a Stranger Some people like to share a room with a stranger, while others do not. Since everything has two sides, there are both advantages and disadvantages in sharing a
13、 room with a stranger. Study requires peace and quiet. If you share a room with a stranger, he may disturb you. So, you can not pay full attention to your study. Your thought can be interrupted by his sudden return, or by his voice or even by his cough. Sometimes at night, when you want to sleep, he
14、 may make some noise that ll be enough to keep you awake. If the stranger is bad-tempered, he may quarrel with you, and you must have patience. However, there are many positive aspects of sharing a room with a stranger. First, you will not feel lonely as you do when you live alone. You will have a p
15、erson in the room to share your joys and sorrows. Second, you and your roommate can help each other. Whenever you are in difficulty, you can get a helping hand to overcome it. Third, living with a stranger offers you a chance of learning to get along with people. If you can establish good relationship with your roommate, it means you may also get on well with people in the complicated society. Therefore, I think it good to share a room with a stranger in spite of its disadvantages and I prefer to live with a roommate. 【知识模 块】 Language and communication
