1、国家公共英语四级（综合）练习试卷 35及答案与解析 Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 0 When he died in April of 1983, Dr. Joel Hildebrand was 101 years old, who had been married for seventy-five years, and ha
2、d taught freshman chemistry to over 40,000 college students. For his life, he had published a popular chemistry textbook and dozens of articles, managed the U. S. Olympic ski team, and discovered a way to allow deep-sea divers to stay underwater longer. In his own way, Dr. Hildebrand was certainly a
3、 genius. Dr. Hildebrands interest in chemistry began at an early age. In an interview, he once said that his interest had been formed because he was fortunate enough to be born before there was television, so he had to make his own decisions about what to pay attention to. Even as a student in high
4、school. Dr. Hildebrand had the reputation as the one who learned more chemistry than his teacher knew. As a result he was given the keys to the high school chemistry lab. And there he discovered that the correct formula for a certain chemical compound was not the one given in his chemistry book but
5、a totally different one. Dr. Hildebrand went on to teach at the University of California at Berkeley and remained there for almost forty years. During that time, Dr. Hildebrand discovered that the gas helium could be combined with oxygen for use as diving gas to allow divers to dive deeper and take
6、the great pressure of the water without the physical discomforts that had been experienced when they used another gas, nitrogen. The use of helium for deep-sea diving is now standard practice. Dr. Hildebrand was also valuable to his country during both world wars. In World War I he analyzed the pois
7、onous gases used on the battlefield and helped develop a truck that could clean and treat soldiers clothes which had been contaminated by poisonous gases during fighting. In World War he helped develop a type of snowmobile, a vehicle used to carry soldiers through the snow in northern countries. Dr.
8、 Hildebrands retirement from teaching at the age of seventy was required by state law in California. He objected to this, joking that he thought a teachers time of retirement ought to be determined not by age but by how many of that teachers students were still awake after the first fifteen minutes
9、of class! Dr. Hildebrands writing career continued, however, and was still feeling strong at the age of 100, when he published an article on the theory of chemical solutions. Dr. Hildebrands love of life and his interest in it were an inspiration to all who knew him. When asked once how he could hav
10、e such ageless energy and vigor, he said, “I chose my ancestors carefully.“ 1 Which of the following is not mentioned in Para.1 of the text? （ A） The prizes and honors Dr. Joel Hildebrand received. （ B） Dr. Joel Hildebrands contributions to physical training facilities. （ C） Dr. Joel Hildebrands tal
11、ent in technical innovations. （ D） The number of students Dr. Joel Hildebrand had ever taught. 2 Television in Dr. Hildebrands eyes is probably _. （ A） a powerful weapon for knowledge spreading （ B） a favorable means to promote learning （ C） something to distract peoples attention （ D） the embodimen
12、t of scientific and technological progress 3 What distinguished Dr. J. Hildebrand from other students in high school? （ A） His rich knowledge in chemistry. （ B） His discovery of the formula for some chemical compound. （ C） His being given the key to the chemistry lab. （ D） His strong interest in che
13、mistry from the very childhood. 4 The use of helium for deep-sea diving _. （ A） helped to overcome the physical discomforts the divers suffered when nitrogen was used （ B） was found by Dr. J. Hildebrand （ C） is now still generally acknowledged as standard practice for deep-sea diving （ D） may be tho
14、ught to contain all the information stated in A, B, and C 5 The passage can best be entitled as _. （ A） A Remarkable Professor of General Chemistry （ B） A Man to Be Memorized Forever （ C） A Great Chemistry Professor Who Lived over 100 Years （ D） A Man Who Lived a Long and Valuable Life 5 Lewis Hine
15、was born in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, in 1874. As a young boy, he worked long hours in a local factory, experiencing at first hand conditions he would later document so vividly with his camera. In 1903, he acquired a camera and a flashgun, and within a few years became one of the foremost investigative re
16、porters of his days. He first examined the lives of some of the hundreds of thousands of immigrant families who were then crowding the customs sheds at Ellis Island. What happened to them once they set foot on the Promised Land? His photographs showed the appalling conditions that awaited most immig
17、rants: overcrowded, filthy slums; violent, dangerous streets; and poor-paying, enslaving jobs at which men and women roiled to support their young families. Next he turned the illuminating light of his camera on the horrific conditions in Americas coal mines. He recorded the squalor(污秽，卑劣 ) and desp
18、eration suffered by miners and their families. Even the government was shocked by photographs of boys-often as young as nine or ten years of age-dirty-faced, pale, undernourished, employed as breaker boys in the unhealthy and dangerous interiors of the nations coal mines. Hine soon earned the sobriq
19、uet that was to stick with him until the end of his days: “the conscience with a camera.“ In 1908, he was hired as a photographer by the federal governments National Child Labor Committee to investigate child labor conditions in the United States. Hines pictures of children, ill clothed and barefoot
20、, tending machines in cotton mills, stunned America. Hine realized only too clearly that these ragged, exploited children, who had no chance for an education or hope for the future, were not the only victim. By employing a massive child labor force (over forty thousand children under sixteen years o
21、f age worked in cotton mills), industry was also enslaving an entire adult labor force, undercut by this cheap child labor. Hines photographs were published widely in newspapers, magazines, and National Child Labor Committee reports. Many believe that as a direct result of the publication of photogr
22、aphs as disturbing as the vulnerable little girl working in a cotton mill, the federal government introduced legislation to put an end to such child labor practices. 6 In the second paragraph, the word “filthy“ probably means _. （ A） dirty （ B） poor （ C） remote （ D） overcrowded 7 According to the pa
23、ssage, which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） When Hine was a young boy, his living conditions were appalling. （ B） Hine was the only one who exposed child labor practices. （ C） Hine was unable to access cameras during his childhood. （ D） Hine bravely shouldered the social responsibilit
24、y as an investigative reporter. 8 In the second paragraph, “the Promised Land“ stands for _. （ A） the Ellis Island （ B） a place full of promises （ C） the United States （ D） Wisconsin 9 Hine earned the sobriquet as “the conscience with a camera“ because _. （ A） he was one of the foremost investigativ
25、e reporters at that time （ B） he was an outstanding photographer hired by the federal government （ C） his photographs reflected the horrific conditions of the poor and the inferior （ D） his photographs were widely published in newspapers and magazines 10 Which of the following best serves as the tit
26、le of this passage? （ A） Truth of Promised Land （ B） A Great Photographer （ C） Poor Conditions of Immigrant Children （ D） Child Labor Practices in America 10 Society was fascinated by science and things scientific in the nineteenth century. Great breakthroughs in engineering, the use of steam power,
27、 and electricity were there for all to see, enjoy, and suffer. Science was fashionable and it is not surprising that, during this great period of industrial development, scientific methods should be applied to the activities of man, particularly to those involved in the processes of production. Towa
28、rds the end of the nineteenth century, international competition began to make itself felt. The three industrial giants of the day, Germany, America, and Great Britain, began to find that there was a limit to the purchasing power of the previously apparently inexhaustible markets. Science and compet
29、ition therefore provided the means and the need to improve industrial efficiency. Frederick Winslow Taylor is generally acknowledged as being the father of the scientific management approach, as a result of the publication of his book, The Principles of Scientific Management, published in 1911. Howe
30、ver, numerous other academics and practitioners had been actively applying such approaches since the beginning of the century. Charles Babbage, and English academic, well-known for his invention of the mechanical computer (with the aid of a government grant as long as 1820) applied himself to the co
31、sting of processes, using scientific methods, and indeed might well be recognized as one of the fathers of cost accounting. Taylor was of well-to-do background and received an excellent education but, partly owing to troubles with his eyesight, decided to become an engineering apprentice. He spent s
32、ome twenty-five years in the tough, sometimes brutal, environment of the US steel industry and carefully studied methods of work when he eventually attained supervisory status. He made various significant innovations in the area of steel processing, but his claim to fame is through his application o
33、f methods of science to methods of work, and his personal efforts that proved they could succeed in a hostile environment. In 1901, Taylor left the steel industry and spent the rest of his life trying to promote the principles of managing scientifically and emphasizing the human aspects of the metho
34、d, over the slave-driving methods common in his day. He died in 1915, leaving a huge school of followers to promote his approach worldwide. 11 According to the passage, what was badly needed to improve industrial efficiency? （ A） Great breakthroughs. （ B） Unlimited purchasing power. （ C） Science and
35、 competition. （ D） International competition. 12 Taylor is most famous for _. （ A） his application of scientific methods to work （ B） his book “The Principles of Scientific Management“ （ C） his various innovations in steel processing （ D） the spreading of his scientific management method 13 Charles
36、Babbage, an English academic _. （ A） tried to use computers in production processes （ B） first used computers in the area of cost accounting （ C） was the father of modern computers （ D） tried a scientific management approach 14 Taylors scientific management method was described as _. （ A） scientific
37、 and human （ B） efficient but slave-driving （ C） academic but practicable （ D） brutal but highly successful 15 When he died in 1905, Taylor _. （ A） purchased a steel mill （ B） sold a steel mill （ C） started to protect environment （ D） left a huge school of followers 15 After he became Chancellor Hit
38、ler had to accept a certain degree of routine. This was against his natural inclination. He hated systematic work, hated any discipline. Administration bored him and he usually left, as much as he could to others. When he had a big speech to prepare he would put off beginning work on it until the la
39、st moment. Once he could bring himself to begin dictating he worked himself into a passion rehearsing the whole performance and shouting so loudly that his voice echoed through the neighboring rooms. The speech composed, he was a man with a load off his mind. He would invite his secretaries to lunch
40、 praising and flattering them and amusing them. Most North Germans regarded such lack of discipline as a typically Austrian characteristic. In Hitlers eyes it was part of his artist nature: he should have been a great painter or architect, he complained, and not a statesman at all. Hitler held stron
41、g views on art, and would put up with no disagreement. He passionately hated all forms of modern art. His taste was for the Classical models of Greece and Rome, and Romantic art of the nineteenth century. Gothic and renaissance Art were too Christian for his liking. He also looked on himself as high
42、ly musical, though his liking for music did not extend very much beyond the operas of Wagner, some of Beethoven and light operettas such as Lahars Merry Widow. He was also fond of the cinema and when the Chancellery was rebuilt be had a little cinema put in, and frequently watched films in the eveni
43、ng, including many of the foreign films he had forbidden in Germany. He had a passion for big rooms, thick carpets and tapestries, but apart from this he had very simple tastes. He like being driven fast in a powerful car; he liked cream cakes and sweets; he liked flowers, dogs and the company of pr
44、ettynot clever women; he liked being at home in the Bavarian mountains. It was in the evenings that Hitler woke up. He hated going to bed, for he found it difficult to sleep, and after dinner he would gather his guest round the big fireplace and talk on every subject under the sun until two or three
45、 o clock in the morning. Next morning he would not rise until eleven. Hitler ate very little, and neither smoked nor drank. He kept a special vegetarian cook but declared that eating meat or cooked meals was a bad habit that had led to the decay of past civilizations. He never touched even tea or co
46、ffee and the chief reason for his dislike of stimulants seems to have been anxiety about his health. He took little exercise and had a horror of catching a cold or any form of infection. He was depressed at the thought of dying early, before he had had time to complete his schemes, and hoped to add
47、years to his life by careful dieting. 16 The author says that when Hitler came to power he _. （ A） decided not to do any work that he did not like doing （ B） did not like to be controlled in his work （ C） was obliged to work more regularly than he had done before （ D） was forced to work more efficie
48、ntly and much more quickly 17 When he had finished dictating the speech he was _. （ A） happy and very grateful to his secretaries （ B） so pleased with his speech that he asked his secretaries （ C） pleased that the heavy burden was taken from his mind （ D） so pleased and relieved that he wanted to pl
49、ease his secretaries 18 Hitler liked music and the author says he _. （ A） was only fond of opera and operettas （ B） fancied himself as a great musician （ C） had rather limited tastes in music （ D） had wide musical sympathies 19 Apart from his liking for luxurious houses Hitler _. （ A） liked a brilliant, aristocratic way of life （ B） liked luxury and irresponsibility （ C） was fonder of pleasure than of work （ D） liked modest and ordinary pleasures 20 What was not Hitlers habit? （ A） Ate very li
