1、国家公共英语四级（综合）练习试卷 6及答案与解析 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 0 A person becomes part of the Christian community through baptism-it is a matter of choice【 C1】 _ birth. The
2、Christian community is a gathered community 【 C2】 _ who believe that Jesus is the Christ and that they have salvation 【 C3】_ . It is open to males and females of any age, race, or 【 C4】 _ . A Christian is normally affiliated with a particular parish or congregation that is 【 C5】 _ the care of a part
3、icular clergyperson. A baptized person is usually 【 C6】 _ a Christian by all Christians everywhere; however, there may be some additional requirements to meet if a person 【 C7】 _ to a church of a different tradition. Giving money and goods needed by others 【 C8】 _ a part of Christian living. Some Ch
4、ristians engage in tithing, the 【 C9】 _ of 10 percent of their income to support the work of the church, 【 C10】 _ includes charitable services of those in need. Other Christians give smaller 【 C11】 _ of their income to the church but contribute either directly to those in need or to organizations th
5、at serve human beings or lower animals. Although some Christians believe the world will continue to become more evil until Christ returns to earth, 【 C12】 _ think that they 【 C13】 _ improve the world. Christian service to God means, 【 C14】 _ , not only charity to meet current needs but also altering
6、 institutions and structures of society in order to 【 C15】 _ poverty, illness, and injustices. For some Christians, the social implications of the gospel are almost as important as the religious. John Woolman visited the slaveholders in the United States to 【 C16】 _ them to free their slaves. Henry
7、Ward Beecher openly supported a campaign to free all the slaves. Walter Rauschenbusch labored to improve living and working conditions for poor people in cities. Albert Schweitzer brought modern medicine to peoples in Africa. Martin Luther King used the 【 C17】 _ resistance methods 【 C18】 _ by Mohand
8、as K. Gandhi to win recognition of civil right for black people of the United states. Mother Teresa worked to save abandoned children in Calcutta. These few examples give some idea of the 【 C19】 _ of activities 【 C20】 _ have fostered to improve the living conditions of their fellow humans. 1 【 C1】 _
9、 （ A） rather than （ B） rather than of （ C） rather.than of （ D） not of 2 【 C2】 _ （ A） of these （ B） of that （ C） of a person （ D） of those 3 【 C3】 _ （ A） in his name （ B） to his name （ C） under the name of （ D） in their name 4 【 C4】 _ （ A） nation （ B） country （ C） nationality （ D） national 5 【 C5】 _
10、（ A） in （ B） of （ C） under （ D） with 6 【 C6】 _ （ A） accepted （ B） accepting （ C） accepting as （ D） accepted as 7 【 C7】 _ （ A） charges （ B） transforms （ C） turns （ D） transfers 8 【 C8】 _ （ A） is （ B） has long been （ C） are （ D） have long been 9 【 C9】 _ （ A） donation （ B） giving （ C） sending （ D） cont
11、ribution 10 【 C10】 _ （ A） that （ B） what （ C） which （ D） in which 11 【 C11】 _ （ A） amounts （ B） numbers （ C） amount （ D） number 12 【 C12】 _ （ A） few （ B） some people （ C） many people （ D） many others 13 【 C13】 _ （ A） may （ B） can （ C） must （ D） are obliged to 14 【 C14】 _ （ A） to him （ B） to them （ C
12、） to her （ D） to us 15 【 C15】 _ （ A） improve （ B） change （ C） care （ D） alleviate 16 【 C16】 _ （ A） talk （ B） persuade （ C） say （ D） convince 17 【 C17】 _ （ A） non-violent （ B） violent （ C） inviolent （ D） nonviolent 18 【 C18】 _ （ A） proceed （ B） pioneered （ C） processed （ D） possessed 19 【 C19】 _ （ A）
13、 variety （ B） kinds （ C） sorts （ D） various 20 【 C20】 _ （ A） the poor people （ B） the black （ C） Jesus （ D） Christians Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Reebok executives do not li
14、ke to hear their stylish athletic shoes called “footwear for yuppies“. They contend that Reebok shoes appeal to diverse market segments, specially now that the company offers basketball and children s shoes for the under-18 set and walking shoes for older customers not interested in aerobics or runn
15、ing. The executives also pointing out that through recent acquisitions they have added hiking boots, dress and casual shoes, and high-performance athletic footwear to their product lines, all of which should attract new and varied groups of customers. Still, despite its emphasis on new markets, Reeb
16、ok plans few changes in the upmarket retailing network that helped push sales to 1 billion annually, ahead of all other sports shoe marketers. Reebok shoes, which are priced from 27 to 85, will continue to be sold only in better specialty, sporting goods, and department stores, in accordance with th
17、e company s view that consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution. In the past few years, the Massachusetts-based company has imposed limits on the number of its distributors (and the number of shoes supplied to stores), partly out of necessity. At times the unexpecte
18、d demand for Reeboks exceeded supply, and the company could barely keep up with orders from the dealers it already had. These fulfillment problems seem to be under control now, but the company is still selective about its distributors. At present, Reebok shoes are available in about five thousand re
19、tail stores in the United States. Reebok has already anticipated that walking shoes will be the next fitness-related craze, replacing aerobics shoes the same way its brightly colored, soft leather exercise footwear replaced conventional running shoes. Through product diversification and careful mark
20、et research, Reebok hopes to avoid the distribution problems Nike came across several years ago, when Nike misjudged the strength of the aerobics shoe craze and was forced to unload huge inventories of running shoes through discount stores. 21 One reason why Reebok s managerial personnel don t like
21、their shoes to be called “footwear for yuppies“ is that _ . （ A） they believe that their shoes are popular with people of different age groups （ B） new production lines have been added to produce inexpensive shoes （ C） yuppies usually evokes a negative image （ D） the term makes people think of prohi
22、bitive prices 22 Reebok s view that “consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution“ (Line 4, Para. 2) implies that _ . （ A） the quality of a brand is measured by the service quality of the store selling it （ B） the quality of a product determines the quality of its dist
23、ributors （ C） the popularity of a brand is determined by the stores that sell it （ D） consumers believe that first-rate products are only sold by high-quality stores 23 Reebok once had to limit the number of its distributors because _ . （ A） its supply of products fell short of demand （ B） too many
24、distributors would cut into its profits （ C） the reduction of distributors could increase its share of the market （ D） it wanted to enhance consumer confidence in its products 24 Although the Reebok Company has solved the problem of fulfilling its orders, it _ . （ A） does not want to further expand
25、its retailing network （ B） still limits the number of shoes supplied to stores （ C） is still particular about who sells its products （ D） still carefully chooses the manufacturers of its products 25 What lesson has Reebok learned from Nike s distribution problems? （ A） A company should not sell its
26、high quality shoes in discount stores. （ B） A company should not limit its distribution network. （ C） A company should do follow-up surveys of its products. （ D） A company should correctly evaluate the impact of a new craze on the market. 25 While fashion is thought of usually in relation to clothin
27、g, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain. It is to be found in manners, the arts, literature, and philosophy, and may even reach into certain areas of science. In fact, it may operate in any field of group life, apart from the technological and utilitarian area and the area o
28、f the sacred. Its operation requires a class society, for in its essential character it does not occur either in a homogeneous society like a primitive group, or in a caste society. Fashion behaves as a movement, and on this basis it is different from custom which, by comparison, is static. This is
29、due to the fact that fashion is based fundamentally on differentiation and emulation. In a class society, the upper classes or so-called social elite are not able to differentiate themselves by fixed symbols or badges. Hence the more external features of their life and behavior are likely to be imit
30、ated by classes immediately below them, who, in turn, are imitated by groups immediately below them in the serial structure. This process gives to fashion a vertical descent. However, the elite class finds that it is no longer distinguishable, by reason of the imitation made by others, and hence is
31、led to adopt new differentiating criteria, only to displace these as they in turn are imitated. It is primarily this feature that makes fashion into a movement and which has led one writer to remark that a fashion, once launched, moves to its doom. As a movement, fashion shows little resemblance to
32、any of the other movements which we have considered. While it occurs spontaneously and moves along in a characteristic cycle, it involves little in the way of crowd behavior and it is not dependent upon the discussion process and the resulting public opinion. It does not depend upon the mechanisms o
33、f which we have spoken. The participants are not recruited through agitation. No morale is built up among them. Nor does the fashion movement have, or require, an ideology. Further, since it does not have a leadership imparting conscious direction to the movement, it does not build up a set of tacti
34、cs. People take part in the fashion movement voluntarily and in response to the interesting and powerful kind of control which fashion imposes on them. 26 It is known from the first paragraph that _ . （ A） fashion operates in every society （ B） fashion can be found only in a few fields of group life
35、 （ C） fashion originates in a class society （ D） people like to keep up with fashion in a primitive society 27 According to the author, which of the following people usually lead a new fashion? （ A） Philosophers. （ B） Artists. （ C） Writers. （ D） The social elite. 28 The following statements are fals
36、e EXCEPT _ . （ A） fashion, as a movement, is static （ B） a fashion is destined to disappear once it is launched （ C） a fashion will never vanish once it is introduced （ D） the upper classes play a little role in making fashion into a movement 29 According to the author, a fashion movement _ . （ A） w
37、ill eventually develop into a social organization （ B） has little in common with other movements （ C） has a powerful leadership guiding it （ D） has a set of symbols and values 30 It can be inferred from the passage that a fashion movement _ . （ A） is a form of expressive behavior （ B） contributes a
38、great dean to the way of crowd behavior （ C） can boost the morale of its participants （ D） functions in the same way as specific social movements 30 Cotton was not exported to Europe until the eighth century A. D It was brought to Spain then by the Moors of North Africa. The Europeans liked this tex
39、tile and began to make cotton cloth. By the fifteenth century, the cotton industry had spread from Spain to central Europe and the Low Countries. When Columbus arrived in the West Indies, he found the Indians wearing cotton clothes. Pizarro, the Spanish conqueror of Peru, found that the Incas were g
40、rowing cotton for use in the making of clothes. Magellan found the Brazilians swinging in cotton hammocks. And Cortes was so impressed by the beauty the cotton tapestries and rugs that the Aztecs made, that he sent some of them as presents to King Charles of Spain. The Chinese were the first people
41、to make silk clothing, and, for more than 2000 years, they were the only people in the world who knew how to make silk. The Chinese guarded the secret of their silk manufacture carefully. Their merchants grew rich in the silk trade with other Asian countries and Europe. Silk, in fact, was so expensi
42、ve that it was known as the cloth of kings. During the reign of Emperor Justinian of Constantinople, two Persian monks who lived in China brought silkworms to Europe. In the years that followed, western Europeans learned how to grow silkworms and use the silk from the cocoons. Silk is still one of t
43、he most useful textiles in clothing manufacture because of its extremely strong fibers. A thread of silk is two-third as strong as an iron wire of the same size and so smooth that dirt cannot cling to it easily. Two hundred years ago, most of the people of the world had little or no clothing. Clothi
44、ng was taken care of very carefully and handed down from parents to children. Many people never owned a new garment in their lives, and, except for the rich, no one had more than one outfit of clothes at a time. Primitive man made slices long before he made permanent records on clay tablets or parch
45、ment scrolls. For many centuries, the shoemaker was interested only in covering the foot. Although he used fancy leathers and decorated shoes in many ways, he paid little attention to the fit of a shoe. In fact, it was only after 1850 that someone lit upon the idea of making differently-shaped shoes
46、 for the left and right foot. 31 Who introduced silkworms to Europe? （ A） Two Justinian Monks. （ B） Two courtiers of Constantinople. （ C） Two Persian Monks. （ D） Two Egyptian Priests. 32 What did Pizarro find the Incas do? （ A） They used the wool for clothes. （ B） They swang on cotton hammocks. （ C）
47、 They made beautiful tapestries from cotton. （ D） They grew cotton for clothes. 33 When did people begin making shoes for each foot? （ A） In Roman Times. （ B） In the Middle Ages. （ C） In the eighteenth century. （ D） In the nineteenth century. 34 Who brought cotton to Europe? （ A） Spanish. （ B） Afric
48、a. （ C） North African people. （ D） The Low Countries. 35 Why was silk liked by people? （ A） Because it was strong. （ B） Because it was cheap. （ C） Because it was expensive and only nobles could wear clothes made by silk. （ D） Because it was like iron. 35 Most publishing is now “electronic“ in the se
49、nse that books, magazines and newspapers are prepared on computers, and exist as computer files before they are printed on paper. Often there are advantages to give readers access to the electronic versions of publications as well as-or even instead of-the printed versions. Print publications have lots of advantages. Paper is
