1、在职攻硕英语联考（阅读）模拟试卷 21及答案与解析 一、 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your an
2、swer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 0 It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation. Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary g
3、reatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey“ spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually sho
4、wn by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises. Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and
5、that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the babys intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that f
6、rom about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire (能发出的全部声音 ). This self-imitation leads on to deliberate (有意识的 ) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the p
7、oint at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech. 1 By “.challenges explanation“ (Line 2, Para. 1) the author means that_. （ A） no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenon （ B） no explanation has been made up to now （ C） its no easy job to provide an adequat
8、e explanation （ D） its high time that an explanation was provided 2 The third paragraph is mainly about_. （ A） the development of babies early forms of language （ B） the difficulties of babies in learning to speak （ C） babies strong desire to communicate （ D） babies intention to communicate 3 The au
9、thors purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children_. （ A） usually obey without asking questions （ B） are passive in the process of learning to speak （ C） are born cooperative （ D） learn to speak by listening 4 From the passage we learn that_. （ A） early starters can learn to spea
10、k within only six months （ B） children show a strong desire to communicate by making noises （ C） imitation plays an important role in learning to speak （ D） children have various difficulties in learning to speak 5 The best title for this passage would be_. （ A） How Babies Learn to Speak （ B） Early
11、Forms of Language （ C） A Huge Task for Children （ D） Noise Making and Language Learning 5 In 1998 consumers could purchase virtually anything over the Internet. Books, compact discs, and even stocks were available from World Wide Web sites that seemed to spring up almost daily. A few years earlier,
12、some people had predicted that consumers accustomed to shopping in stores would be reluctant to buy things that they could not see or touch in person. For a growing number of time-starved consumers, however, shopping from their home computer was proving to be a convenient alternative to driving to t
13、he store. A research estimated that in 1998 US consumers would purchase $ 7. 3 billion of goods over the Internet, double the 1997 total. Finding a bargain was getting easier, owing to the rise of online auctions and Web sites that did comparison shopping on the Internet for the best deal. For all t
14、he consumer interest, retailing in cyberspace was still a largely unprofitable business, however. Internet pioneer Amazon, com, which began selling books in 1995 and later branched into recorded music and videos, posted revenue of $ 153. 7 million in the third quarter, up from $ 37. 9 million in the
15、 same period of 1997. Overall, however, the companys loss widened to $ 45. 2 million from $ 9. 6 million, and analysts did not expect the company to turn a profit until 2001. Despite the great loss, Amazon, com had a stock market value of many billions, reflecting investors optimism about the future
16、 of the industry. Internet retailing appealed to investors because it provided an efficient means for reaching millions of consumers without having the cost of operating conventional stores with their armies of salespeople. Selling online carried its own risks, however. With so many companies compet
17、ing for consumers attention, price competition was intense and profit margins thin or nonexistent. One video retailer sold the hit movie Titanic for $ 9. 99, undercutting (削价 ) the $ 19. 99 suggested retail price and losing about $ 6 on each copy sold. With Internet retailing still in its initial st
18、age, companies seemed willing to absorb such losses in an attempt to establish a dominant market position. 6 Which of the following is true according to the writer? （ A） Consumers are reluctant to buy things on the Internet. （ B） Consumers are too busy to buy things on the Internet. （ C） Internet re
19、tailing is a profitable business. （ D） More and more consumers prefer Internet shopping. 7 Finding a bargain on the Internet was getting easier partly because_. （ A） there were more and more Internet users （ B） there were more and more online auctions （ C） the consumers had more money to spend （ D）
20、there were more goods available on the Internet 8 “For all the consumer interest“ (Para. 3) means_. （ A） to the interest of all the consumers （ B） for the interest of all the consumers （ C） though consumers are very much interested （ D） all the consumers are much interested 9 It can be inferred from
21、 the passage that A_. （ A） will probably make a profit in 2001 （ B） is making a profit now （ C） is a company that sells books only （ D） suffers a great loss on the stock market 10 Investors are interested in Internet retailing because_. （ A） selling online involves little risk （ B） Internet retailin
22、g is in its initial stage （ C） it can easily reach millions of consumers （ D） they can make huge profits from it 10 What do we think with? Only the brain? Hardly. The brain is like a telephone exchange. It is the switchboard, but not the whole system. Its function is to receive incoming signals, mak
23、e proper connections, and send the messages through to their destination. For efficient service, the body must function as a whole. But where is the “mind“? Is it in the brain? Or perhaps in the nervous system? After all, can we say that the mind is in any particular place? It is not a thing, like a
24、 leg, or even the brain. It is a function, an activity. Aristotle, twenty-three hundred years ago, observed that the mind was to the body what cutting was to the ax. When the ax is not in use, there is no cutting. So with the mind. “Mind,“ said Charles H. Woolbert, “is what the body is doing. “ If t
25、his activity is necessary for thinking, it is also necessary for carrying thought from one person to another. Observe how people go about business of ordinary conversation. If you have never done this painstakingly, you have a surprise in store, for good conversationalists are almost constantly in m
26、otion. Their heads are continually nodding and shaking sometimes so vigorously that you wonder how their necks can stand the strain. Even the legs and feet are active. As for the hands and arms, they are seldom still for more than a few seconds at a time. These people, remember, are not making speec
27、hes. They are merely common folk trying to make others understand what they have in mind. They are not conscious of movement. Their speech is not studied. They are just human creatures in a human environment, trying to adapt themselves to a social situation. Yet they converse, not only with oral lan
28、guage, but with visible actions that involve practically every muscle in the body. In short, because people really think all over, a speaker must talk all over if he succeeds in making people think. 11 Which of the following is the best title for this passage? （ A） Bodily communication. （ B） Bodily
29、Actions. （ C） Spoken Language. （ D） Conversations. 12 Which of the following statements would the author agree with? （ A） Thinking is a social phenomenon. （ B） Thinking is solely a brain function. （ C） Thinking is a function of the nervous system. （ D） Thinking is the sum total of bodily activity. 1
30、3 In communication, it is essential not only to employ speech, but also_. （ A） to speak directly to the other person. （ B） to employ a variety of bodily movements （ C） to be certain that the other person is listening （ D） to pay great attention to the other persons behavior 14 It can be inferred fro
31、m the passage that the basic function of bodily activity in speech is to （ A） make the listener feel emotional （ B） make the speaker understood （ C） strengthen the speakers oral words （ D） convey the speakers implied meaning to the listener 15 Which of the following is true? （ A） The brain is compar
32、ed to a telephone exchange. （ B） The mind is an activity of the nervous system. （ C） Some people remain still while talking to others. （ D） Many people move their bodies on purpose while talking. 15 Many small cultural groups live in places far away from modern cities. Some of these tribes have neve
33、r had any communication outside of their small areas. When they do contact the outside world, their lives usually change. Learning how to change without losing the best of their own cultures is a problem for them. One native tribe in New Guinea has a difficult situation. The people of the tribe are
34、being pulled in two ways. Copper has been discovered under the land where they have lived for centuries. Developers want to take the copper out of the ground, to mine it. The tribe needs the money that a copper mine would bring. The problem is that the copper is directly under the most important bui
35、ldings of their society. These buildings are a necessary part of their religion. How can the copper be mined without changing their religion? A group of people are trying to help the tribe to learn to communicate with the rest of the world. Cultural Survival, Inc. is the name of the group. The peopl
36、e are anthropologists (人类学家 )， scientists who study cultures. The organization wants to teach them how to live in the modern world. There is another organization like this in London. It is called Survival International. One in Copenhagen is called the International Workshop for Local Affairs. These
37、two groups have joined with Cultural Survival, Inc. to help people become used to modern culture. These organizations work with another kind of problem, too. Sometimes a central government does not consider the needs of local people in developing new projects. Often they suffer a great loss and Cult
38、ural Survival, Inc. helps them. Cultural Survival, Inc. and its sister organizations also give advice about tourism. The tourist business can cause problems. Many small societies need to earn money, but a large group of visitors can hurt their culture. Also the local people could use the help of Cul
39、tural Survival, Incorporated. 16 The passage mainly discusses about_. （ A） how Cultural Survival, Inc. helped a tribe to solve the problem of copper mining （ B） why local cultures should be saved （ C） the work of Cultural Survival, Inc. （ D） the difficulties in saving local cultures 17 In contact wi
40、th the outside world, a small cultural group should_. （ A） learn something while keeping something of its own （ B） remain what they used to be （ C） change itself as much as it can （ D） be careful in order not to be cheated 18 Why does the copper discovered in a native tribe in New Guinea give rise t
41、o a problem? （ A） Because it will soon be mined. （ B） Because it will bring money for the tribe. （ C） Because it is too far away for mining. （ D） Because the mining of the copper will affect the tribes religion. 19 The number of the tasks of Cultural Survival, Inc. mentioned in the passage is_. （ A）
42、 1 （ B） 2 （ C） 3 （ D） 4 20 Which of the following statements about the organizations like Cultural Survival, Inc. is NOT mentioned? （ A） They want to help small separate societies live successfully in the modern society, （ B） They are government organized. （ C） They conduct not only home but also in
43、ternational business. （ D） They are sister organizations. 20 Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve perform
44、ance at work and school. Cognitive (认知 学派的 ) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use
45、of small monetary (金钱的 ) rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements (刺激 ) indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. “If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a rela
46、tively challenging task, they show the most creativity,“ says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards. “ A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or w
47、ho hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades. In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, i
48、n which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. 21 Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward_. （ A） the choice between spiritual encouragem
49、ent and monetary rewards （ B） the amount of monetary rewards for student creativity （ C） the study of relationship between actions and their consequences （ D） the effects of external rewards on students performance 22 What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students? （ A） They have no doubts about them. （ B） They have doubts about them. （ C） They approve of them. （ D） They avoid talking about them. 23 Which of the following can best raise students creativity
