1、在职攻硕英语联考（阅读）模拟试卷 42及答案与解析 一、 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your an
2、swer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 0 In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the earths postwar era, there was quite a wide-spread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day. Already today, less than forty years later, as
3、computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives, we are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem. People tend to be over-trusting of computers and are reluctant to challenge their authority. Indeed, they behave as if they were h
4、ardly aware that wrong buttons may be pushed, or that a computer may simply malfunction (失误 ). Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeli
5、ng that something has gone wrong. Questioning and routine double-checks must continue to be as much a part of good business as they were in pre-computer days. Maybe each computer should come with the warning: for all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for funda
6、mental thinking and reasoning skills. 1 What is the main purpose of this passage? （ A） To look back to the early days of computers. （ B） To explain what technical problems may occur with computers. （ C） To discourage unnecessary investment in computers. （ D） To warn against a mentally lazy attitude
7、towards computers. 2 According to the passage, the initial concern about computers was that they might_. （ A） change our personal lives （ B） take control of the world （ C） create unforeseen problems （ D） affect our businesses 3 The passage recommends those dealing with computers to_. （ A） be reasona
8、bly doubtful about them （ B） check all their answers （ C） substitute them for basic thinking （ D） use them for business purposes only 4 The passage suggests that the present-day problem with regard to computers is_. （ A） challenging （ B） psychological （ C） dramatic （ D） fundamental 5 It can be infer
9、red from the passage that the author would disapprove of_. （ A） investment in computers （ B） the use of ones internal computer （ C） double-checks on computers （ D） complete dependence on computers for decision-making 5 Sequoyah was born about 1770 in the village of Taskigi. He was a Cherokee Indian,
10、 and, along with his entire tribe, he was illiterate. As a result of a hunting accident that left him partially crippled, he enjoyed more leisure time than other tribesmen. And he began to ponder the idea that the Indian people might also come to possess the secret of the “talking leaf“. Alone in th
11、e woods, he spent hours playing with pieces of wood or making odd little marks on one stone with another. Neither his wife nor his friends offered him any encouragement, and many ridiculed him. But Sequoyah was obsessed with his dream of developing an alphabet for the Cherokee language. At first, Se
12、quoyah tried to give every word a separate character, but eventually he realized the futility of such approach and settled on assigning one character to each sound. What he achieved twelve years later was a syllabary of eighty-six characters representing all of the sounds of Cherokee. In combination
13、, they produced a written language of remarkable simplicity and effectiveness. It was so simple, in fact, that it could be learned in a few days. Within a matter of months, a population that had been entirely illiterate became almost entirely literate. As a tribute to this great Indian educator, the
14、 tallest trees in North America, the Sierra Redwoods, were given the name Sequoyahs. 6 From this passage, we know that Sequoyah was_. （ A） a very tall person （ B） a Taskigi Indian （ C） a married man （ D） easily discouraged 7 Sequoyah had more free time than the other tribesmen because he was_. （ A）
15、developing an alphabet （ B） a hunter （ C） a very old man （ D） crippled 8 Why did Sequoyah spent so much time in the woods? （ A） Because he did not have any friends. （ B） Because he liked to play. （ C） Because he was experimenting with a system for an alphabet. （ D） Because he was hunting for food. 9
16、 The Cherokee alphabet_. （ A） had a separate character for each word （ B） had a separate character for each sound （ C） was very complicated to learn （ D） was not accepted by the tribe 10 How long did it take Sequoyah to develop his alphabet? （ A） A few days. （ B） Several months. （ C） Twelve years. （
17、 D） All of his life. 10 Change or the ability to adapt oneself to a changing environment is essential to evolution. The farmer whose land is required for housing or industry must adapt himself: he can move to another place and master the problems peculiar to it; he can change his occupation, perhaps
18、 after a period of training; or he can starve to death. A nation which cannot adapt its trade or defense requirements to meet world conditions faces economic or military disaster. Nothing is fixed and permanently stable. There must be movement forward, which is progress of a sort, or movement backwa
19、rds, which is decay and deterioration. In this context, tradition can be a force for good or for evil. As long as it offers a guide, it helps the ignorant and the uninformed to take a step forward and, thereby, to adapt themselves to changed circumstances. Tradition, or custom, can guide the hunter
20、as effectively as it can influence the nervous hostess. But if we make an idol (偶像 ) of tradition, it ceases to become a guide and becomes an obstacle lying across the path of change and progress. If we insist on trying to plot the future by the past, we clearly handicap ourselves and invite failure
21、. The better course is to accept the help which tradition can give, but realizing that it necessarily has its roots in the past, to be well aware of its limitations in a changing world. 11 According to this passage, which of the following statements is true? （ A） To avoid decay and deterioration, we
22、 must keep the world permanently stable. （ B） The world is always changing, so we must adjust ourselves to new conditions. （ C） The important point of evolution is that the world undergoes movement forward and movement backward alternately. （ D） Tradition often become an obstacle lying across the pa
23、th of change and progress. 12 The author uses the incident of the farmer in the passage to illustrate that_. （ A） people should adapt themselves to the changed circumstances （ B） farmers are especially influenced by tradition （ C） the farmer may have to undergo a period of training （ D） the farmer w
24、ill starve to death if he does not pay due regard to tradition 13 In the second paragraph, “this context“ refers to_. （ A） decay and deterioration （ B） movement forward （ C） tradition （ D） a changing world 14 Tradition becomes an obstacle across the path of change and progress when we_. （ A） accept
25、tradition only as a guide （ B） rely too much on tradition without realizing its limitations （ C） strongly desire for change without considering the possible consequences （ D） plot the future irrespective of tradition 15 The author concludes by offering the advice; _. （ A） since tradition necessarily
26、 has its roots in the past, it would be better to take no notice of it （ B） we must stick firmly to tradition when facing a new problem, and not break with it under any circumstance （ C） we should neither worship nor reject tradition but take from it some help it can offer in certain particular inst
27、ance （ D） we should realize the limitations of a changing world and not invite failure 15 Why dont birds get lost on their long flights from one place to another? Scientists have puzzled over this question for many years. Now theyre beginning to fill in the blanks. Not long ago, experiments showed t
28、hat birds rely on the sun to guide them during daylight hours. But what about birds that fly by night? Tests with artificial stars have proved that certain night-flying birds are able to follow the stars in their long-distance flights. A dove (鸽子 ) had spent its lifetime in a cage and had never flow
29、n under a natural sky. Yet it showed an inborn ability to use the stars for guidance. The birds cage was placed under an artificial star-filled sky. The bird tried to fly in the same direction as that taken by his outdoor cousins. Any change in the position of the artificial stars caused a change in
30、 the direction of his flight. But the stars are apparently their principal means of navigation (航行 ) only. When the stars are hidden by clouds, they seemingly find their way by such landmarks as mountain ranges, coast lines, and river courses. But when its too dark to see these, the doves circle hel
31、plessly, unable to find their way. 16 The reasons why birds dont get lost on long flights_. （ A） have been known to scientists for years （ B） have only recently been discovered （ C） are known by everyone （ D） will probably remain a mystery 17 During daylight hours, birds_. （ A） wheel back and forth
32、for nothing （ B） do not fly long distances （ C） use sun for guidance （ D） are quite likely to get lost 18 By “his outdoor cousins“ the author means_. （ A） other experimenters （ B） the other doves of the same brood (n.窝 ) （ C） doves under the natural sky （ D） other birds in general 19 The experiment
33、with the dove indicated that_. （ A） birds have to be taught to navigate （ B） a bird that has been caged will not fly long distances （ C） some birds cannot fly at night （ D） some birds seem to follow the stars when they fly at night 20 In total darkness, doves_. （ A） use landmarks to find their way （
34、 B） make their return flight （ C） dont know which way to fly （ D） wait for the stars to appear 20 If Europeans thought a drought was something that happened only in Africa, they know better now. After four years of below normal rainfall (in some cases only 10 percent of the annual average), vast are
35、as of France, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Britain and Ireland are dry and barren. Water is so low in the canals of northern France that waterway traffic is forbidden except on weekends. Oyster growers in Brittany report a 30 percent drop in production because of the loss of fresh water in local rivers
36、 necessary for oyster breeding. In southeastern England, the rolling green hills of Kent have turned so brown that officials have been weighing plans to pipe in water from Wales. In Portugal, farmers in the southern Alentejo region have held prayer meetings for rain so far, in vain. Governments in d
37、rought plagued countries are taking drastic measures. Authorities in hard hit areas of France have banned washing cars and watering lawns. In Britain, water will soon be metered, like gas and electricity. “The English have always taken water for granted,“ says Graham Warren, a spokesman of Britains
38、National Rivers Authority. “Now theyre putting a price on it. “ Even a sudden end to the drought would not end the misery in some areas. It will take several years of unusually heavy winter rain, the experts say, just to bring existing water reserves up to their normal levels. 21 What does the autho
39、r mean by saying “they know better now“? （ A） They know more about the causes of the drought. （ B） They have a better understanding of the drought in Africa. （ C） They have realized that the drought in Europe is the most serious one. （ D） They have realized that droughts hit not only Africa but also
40、 Europe. 22 The drought in Europe has brought about all the following problems EXCEPT_. （ A） below normal rainfall （ B） difficult navigation （ C） a sharp drop in oyster harvest （ D） bone dry hills 23 The British government intends to_, （ A） forbid the car washing service （ B） increase the price of t
41、he water used （ C） end the misery caused by the drought （ D） charge fees for the use of water 24 Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? （ A） Germany is the only country free from the drought. （ B） Water reserves are at their lowest level in years due to the drought. （ C）
42、 The drought is more serious in Britain than in France. （ D） Europe will not have heavy rain until several years later. 25 Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage? （ A） Europe in Misery. （ B） Drought Attacks Europe. （ C） Be Economical with Water. （ D） Europe, a Would-be
43、Africa. 在职攻硕英语联考（阅读）模拟试卷 42答案与解析 一、 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark
44、your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题是一道考查作者写作目的类问题，主要考查学生的概括能力。需要在阅读完文章之后准确地理解全文的用意。问题问本文的主要目的是什么。根据文章大意，第二次世界大战之后，当计算机刚刚问世时，人们普遍担心，有朝一日计算机将取代人类在世界上的地位。而不到 40年后的今天，当计算机真的把我们从越来越多的日常公务和日常生活琐事中解脱出来的时候，我们却面临一个新问题，虽说不上令人吃惊，但却是人们未曾预想到的问题：人们
45、过分信赖计算机，简直不愿 意挑战其权威性。似乎人们不知道有的时候也可能会按错键，或者说计算机也可能出现失误。因此，我们可以推断出本题的正确答案应是 D“告诫人们防止对计算机产生懒惰的依赖心理 ”。 A“回顾计算机的早期状况 ”； B“说明计算机可能出现的技术问题 ”； C“试图劝阻人们没有必要就不要购买计算机 ”；这三个选项都是错误的。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题是一道具体细节题，考查考生辨认具体事实的能力。本题问按照文章所说，人们对计算机最初的担心是什么。利用查阅式阅读法，我们可以在文章的第一句话 中找到相关信息。第一句话指出，现在看来似乎是计算机历史的史前
46、时期，即世界大战之后的年代里，人们普遍担忧有朝一日计算机会从人类手中夺过对世界的控制权。因此，我们可以断定题干中的 the initial concern(初时的担忧 )指的就是那时人们的担忧。所以，本题的正确答案应是 B“人们担心计算机将来会统治世界 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题问文章建议与计算机打交道的人应该怎样做。利用查阅式阅读法，我们可以在第二段第一句话中找到与正确答案有关的内容。此句话的重点在but之后，作者指出，一旦感觉到计算机计算的结果有不对之处，就必须进行复查。由此可知，本题的正确答案应是 A“建议与计算机打交道的人要对计算机持合理的怀疑态
47、度 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题是一道暗示引申类问题。问文章暗示目前有关计算机的问题是哪一方面的问题。根据文章相关信息：人们往往过分信赖计算机，也不愿意挑战它的权威性。他们似乎并不知道人们也可能会按错键，或者计算机也可能有运行错误。以及如下一句话：人们也应该信赖自己的大脑的计算能力，一旦感觉计算机有错，就 要进行复查。由此，我们判断出这里暗示出当前的问题是人们对计算机有过分依赖的心理。因此本题的正确答案是 B“目前有关计算机的问题是心理上的问题 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题仍是一道引申推断题。问从文章中我们可以推断出作
48、者反对什么。根据全文内容，我们不难判断出作者反对的是完全依赖计算机。因此，本题的正确答案应是 D“作者反对在做决定时完全依赖计算机 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 文中第一段倒数 第二句说： “无论是他的妻子还是他的朋友，都没有对他进行鼓励，许多人还嘲笑他。 ”由此我们可以推断出他是一个已婚的男人。因此选项 C正确。本题亦可通过排除法找到答案。选项 A说他是一个非常高大的人，文中并未提及，故可排除。选项 B说他是一个 Taskigi印第安人，从文中第一段第一句、第二句我们得知，他是一个切罗基印第安人， Taskigi仅是他出生的地方，是一个村名
49、，所以选项 B可排除。选项 D说他是一个很容易泄气的人，文中第一段最后一句说： “但塞阔亚仍执著于他的梦想，他要为切罗基语言发明一种字母表。 ”文中第二段说他经过 12年的努力，最后为自己的部落创制出 86音符的字母表。由以上我们看出，塞阔亚是一个执著的人，而不是一个容易泄气的人。选项 D应排除。 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 文中第一段第三句说： “他在一次狩猎中发生了意外，落下部分残疾，所以他比部落的其他人有更多的空余时间。 ”因此选项 D正确。本题通过排除法也能找到答案。选项 A“创制一种字母表 ”，从文中我们得知，创制一种字母表是塞阔亚在空余时间做的事，而不是他有空余时间的原因，故可排除。选项 B“一个猎人 ”，他跛足之前是一个猎人，并不 是他比部落其他人有更多时间的原因，选项 B可排除。选项 C“一个非常老的人 ”，文中未提及，故可排除。 【知识模块】 阅读 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题是一道推断题。文中第一段倒数第三句说： “他独自呆在林中，花许多小时拿木片做游戏或用一块石头在另一块石头上做奇怪的小
