1、在职攻硕英语联考（阅读）模拟试卷 49及答案与解析 一、 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your an
2、swer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 0 In the Arctic Circle, it is not that Eskimos lack ability or industry, but the surroundings restrict constructive effort to the barest necessities of existence. This effectually retards progress to higher development. Agriculture is i
3、mpossible all along the thousands of miles of the north shore. The only wood is such as drifts in. Other than this driftwood, the only available building materials are snow, ice, stone, and bones of animals. All of these have been used for habitations and storage places, differing in various tribes
4、according to the requirements and skill of the workers. The lack of necessary timbers to build walls and span wide spaces is probably one reason why these tribes construct their houses at least partly beneath the surface of the ground. This device also makes the houses more impervious (不能渗透的 ) to th
5、e cold. Most of us are inclined to think that the Eskimo lives always in an igloo or snow house. This is not entirely true. After the long cold winter, the family is very likely to move, when the weather permits, into a tent of sealskin. The actual construction of such a tent is similar to that used
6、 by other, more southerly tribes and will be described later. The snow house, however, is an interesting and unique habitation. Our summer campers will not build with snow, but the delicate art is worth recording and some of our winter camps in the mountains might try to make snow houses. 1 Eskimos
7、efforts to build houses_. （ A） result in various buildings （ B） are limited by a hostile environment （ C） are restricted by their ability （ D） retard progress to higher development 2 Which of the following about the construction of houses is true? （ A） Building materials differ from tribe to tribe.
8、（ B） Building materials are the same for all the houses. （ C） Building materials are selected according to weather. （ D） Building materials are decided by skilled workers. 3 Why do Eskimos build their houses partly under the ground? （ A） They like to live under the ground. （ B） They are short of ess
9、ential materials for walls and roofs. （ C） They want their houses less affected by the cold. （ D） Both B and C 4 In the long winter, Eskimos commonly live in_. （ A） a snow house （ B） a stone house （ C） a storage place （ D） a tent of sealskin 5 What does the author think of snow houses? （ A） Interest
10、ing. （ B） Artistic. （ C） Unique. （ D） All of the above. 5 We arranged that Kissinger would fly to Vietnam for talks early in July and then stop in Pakistan on the way back. There he would develop a stomachache that would require him to stay in bed and not be seen by the press. Then, with President Y
11、ahyas cooperation he would be taken to an airport where a Pakistani plane would fly him over the mountains to China. Kissingers trip was given the code (密码 ) name Polo after Marco Polo, another Western traveler who made history by journeying to China. Everything went without a hitch. His slight illn
12、ess in Islamabad received only minor attention from reporters covering him. They accepted the story that he would be confined to bed for at least a couple of days and began making arrangements for their own entertainment. Because of the need for complete secrecy and the lack of any direct communicat
13、ion facilities between Beijing and Washington, I knew that we would have no word from Kissinger while he was in China. Even after he had returned to Pakistan it would still be important to maintain secrecy. So before Kissinger left, we agreed on a single code word Eureka which he would use if his mi
14、ssion were successful. On July 11, Al Haig, who knew our code word, phoned me to say that a cable from Kissinger had arrived. “Whats the message?“ I asked. “Eureka,“ he replied. 6 Kissinger stopped in Pakistan because_. （ A） he happened to have a stomachache （ B） he needed a rest after a long journe
15、y （ C） he had a secret mission to perform there （ D） he did not want to be seen by the press 7 The reporters in Islamabad believed that_. （ A） Kissinger was not feeling well （ B） Kissinger had just come back from Vietnam （ C） Kissinger had put off leaving for China （ D） Kissinger was preparing to en
16、tertain them 8 The statement “ everything went without a hitch“ (Para. 2) most probably means that （ A） nothing was easy with the mission （ B） the plans were carried out with great difficulty （ C） things went smoothly （ D） there was no possibility of success 9 There was no news from Kissinger while
17、he was in Beijing, chiefly because_. （ A） his trip had to be kept secret （ B） President Yahya did not go with Kissinger （ C） communication between Beijing and Islamabad was difficult （ D） the negotiation (谈判 ) was not successful 10 The passage implies that Kissingers message “Eureka“ was sent_. （ A）
18、 when the negotiation started in Beijing （ B） as soon as he arrived in Washington （ C） when he flew to Vietnam on July 11 （ D） when the negotiation was completed in Beijing 10 Who are the poor in the United States? As of 1970, nearly two-thirds of the poor people were white. Although nonwhites make
19、up only one-third of those classified as poor, this reflects a great overrepresentation (过分代表 ) of their number because the nonwhites made up less than 16 percent of the total population in 1970. Other categories (种类 ,类型 ) also help to define the poor. There are the aged poor. Almost one-fifth of al
20、l poor Americans are aged 65 or older. Another large segment of the poor in the United States is found in rural areas. Nearly one-fourth of all people living on farms in 1970 were classified as poor. Migrant workers and American Indians are included as part of the rural poor. But the greatest number
21、 of poor Americans is found in the cities. More than one-half of all single individuals whose income was below $ 3 000 in 1970 lived in urban areas, as did one-half of all four-person families with incomes below $ 6 000. Government officials have found it important to define who the poor are because
22、 each group has different needs. Different approaches are needed to help solve the problems of the poor. 11 According to the passage, all of the following are valid statements concerning the poor EXCEPT that_. （ A） many of the poor are old people （ B） many of the poor are foreigners （ C） many of the
23、 poor are nonwhites （ D） many of the poor live on farms 12 Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage? （ A） Poverty is the greatest problem facing the United States today. （ B） The American economy is the major reason that there are so many poor. （ C） Poverty is largely the r
24、esult of ineffective government policies. （ D） The poor cannot be said to be one uniform group. 13 Many of_are the poor who live on farms. （ A） migrant workers and Indians （ B） white people and Negroes （ C） the elderly and the handicapped （ D） retired people and Negroes 14 As it is used in the secon
25、d paragraph of the passage, the word “migrant“ means_. （ A） of visiting as a tourist （ B） of moving officially from one place, job, thing, etc. to another （ C） of moving from one place to another; changing ones place of living, esp. for a limited period （ D） of going from place to place, esp. to a l
26、ong distant place; making a journey 15 According to the passage, a single individual who earns_in 1970 is classified as a poor person. （ A） below $ 1 500 （ B） less than $ 6 000 （ C） more than $ 3 000 （ D） less than $ 3 000 15 There are approximately three quarters of a ton of termites (白蚁 ) for ever
27、y person on Earth. It now turns out that these critters (生物 ) may be helping to alter the climate and affect mans life. For years scientists have been saying that carbon dioxide sent into the atmosphere by the burning of fuels might lead to the rise in temperatures of the whole earth, owing to the g
28、reenhouse effect in which the gas prevents the escape of heat into outer space. Now an international team of researchers has discovered that termites generate more than twice the carbon dioxide that fuel burning does. And this production, which comes from the insects eating and consuming of differen
29、t kinds of vegetables and wood has risen greatly. This is chiefly because man has cut so many trees in order to open more land and thus has provided large quantities of food for the insects in the form of tiny pieces of wood. The output from the burning of fuels is of greater concern, however, becau
30、se it is continuing to rise steadily and so far no effective measures have been taken to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide produced in this way. Production by termites, on the other hand, is not likely to increase much more. 16 From the passage we know that “the greenhouse effect“ is an effect in
31、which_. （ A） low temperatures are created by using a house （ B） the house is made green in order to keep heat （ C） heat is prevented from escaping outside （ D） everything is kept green in a house 17 Which of the following consists of three words that refer exactly to the same thing in the passage? （
32、 A） climate, temperature, heat （ B） carbon dioxide, the gas, atmosphere （ C） output, production, effect （ D） termites, critters, insects 18 Which of the following sentences is true? （ A） Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere carries heat into outer space so as to change the climate. （ B） Carbon dioxide m
33、ay escape into the greenhouse so that the Earth will be made warmer. （ C） As carbon dioxide keeps heat from escaping into outer space, the Earth may become warmer. （ D） Carbon dioxide may made the Earth warmer because it lets the heat escape into outer space. 19 Which of the following statements is
34、NOT true? （ A） It is the production by termites that is now of greater concern. （ B） What scientists worry more about is the output from burning fuels. （ C） The output from burning fuels is now rising steadily. （ D） The burning of fuels generates much less carbon dioxide than termites do. 20 The bes
35、t title for this passage might be_. （ A） The Effect of Termites on the Climate （ B） Why Carbon Dioxide Can Affect the Climate （ C） The Output from Burning Fuel （ D） How Greenhouse Works 20 No country in the world has more daily newspapers than the USA. There are almost 2 000 of them, as compared wit
36、h 180 in Japan, 164 in Argentina and 111 in Britain. The quality of some American papers is extremely high and their views are quoted all over the world. Distinguished dailies like the Washington Post or the New York Times have a powerful influence all over the country. However the Post and the Time
37、s are not national newspapers in the sense that The Times is in Britain or he Monde is in France, since each American city has its own daily newspaper. The best of these present detailed accounts of national and international news, but many tend to limit themselves to state or city news. Like the pr
38、ess in most other countries, American newspapers range from the “sensational“, which feature crime, sex and rumour, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events. But with few exceptions American newspapers try to entertain as well as give information, for they have to
39、 compete with television. Just as American newspapers give way to all tastes, so do they also try and apply to readers for all political persuasions. A few newspapers support extremist (过激分子 ) groups on the far right and on the far left, but most daily newspapers attempt to attract middle-of-the-roa
40、d Americans who are essentially moderate. Many of these papers print columns by well-known journalists of different political and social views, in order to present a balanced picture. As in other democratic countries American newspapers can be either responsible or irresponsible, but it is generally
41、 accepted that the American press serves its country well and that it has more than once bravely uncovered political scandals (丑闻 ) or crimes, for instance, the Watergate Affair. The newspapers drew the attention of the public to the fears of the Vietnam War. 21 There are fewer national newspapers i
42、n_. （ A） Britain than in the USA （ B） France than in Britain （ C） the USA than in Britain or France （ D） France than in the USA or Britain 22 Most American newspapers try to entertain their readers because_. （ A） they have to keep up a good relation with them （ B） they have to compete with televisio
43、n （ C） they have to write about crime, sex and rumour （ D） they have to give factual news in an interesting way 23 Many American newspapers attract readers of different political tendency_. （ A） supporting extremist groups from time to time （ B） inviting middle-of-the-road Americans to write article
44、s for them （ C） avoiding carrying articles about extremists （ D） printing articles representing different political viewpoints 24 In this passage, the word “press“ (Para. 2) means_. （ A） a machine for printing （ B） the business printing （ C） great force （ D） newspapers 25 The passage is mainly about
45、_. （ A） the characteristics of American newspapers （ B） the development of American newspapers （ C） the functions of American newspapers （ D） the merits and shortcomings of American newspapers 在职攻硕英语联考（阅读）模拟试卷 49答案与解析 一、 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points) Directions: There are 4
46、passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案 】 B 【试题解析】 本题是一道具体细节题。问爱斯基
47、摩人建房的努力如何。利用查阅式阅读法，我们可以在第一段中找到相关内容。这段指出，居住在北极圈里的爱斯基摩人，不是因为缺乏能力或勤劳的精神，而是环境将其建筑水平限制在仅能满足最起码的生存需要的水平，这大大地阻碍了他们向前发展的步伐。从第一句话来看， effort是 restrict的宾语；换言之，受限的是努力或尝试，而限制努力或尝试变为现实的是环境 (surroundings或 environment)。因此，本题的正确答案应是 B“受限于恶劣的环境 ”。 A“结果 是建造了各种各样的房屋 ”。第二二段第四句指出，环境客观上限制了爱斯基摩人只能利用有限的建筑材料来建筑住处或贮藏室(habitat
48、ions and storage places)，而这些建筑物又根据不同需要和建筑者的技术水平在不同部落有所不同。可见，这里强调的不是主观上想建造不同风格的房子，而是客观上为适应环境的需要而建造不同材料的房子。 C“为他们的能力所限 ”。这正是文章中第一句话所否定的。 D“使较快的发展步伐受到阻碍 ”。这并非努力的结果，而是努力受到客观限制的结果。 因此， A、 C和 D均为错误选项。 【 知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题是一道判断是非题。问下面关于房屋建造的说法中哪个是正确的。根据文章第一段内容，居住在北极圈里的爱斯基摩人，不是因为缺乏能力或勤劳的精神，而是环境将其
49、建筑水平限制在仅能满足最起码的生存需要的水平，这大大地阻碍了他们向前发展的步伐。另外，文章第二段指出，环境客观上限制了爱斯基摩人只能利用有限的建筑材料来建筑住处或贮藏室，而这些建筑物又根据不同需要和建筑者的技术水平在不同部落有所不同。因此，本题的正确答案应是 A“各部落的建筑材料各有不同 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题是一道具体细节题。问为什么爱斯基摩人将他们的住房部分建造在地下。利用查阅式阅读法，我们可以在文章的第三段中找到相关信息，第三段第一句提到了第一方面的理由：缺乏必要的木材建墙和架于宽阔的空间之上，是这些部落将住处部分建于地下的原因之一。第二句提到了第二方面的原因：这种设计也使得寒冷更难以侵入房内。因此，爱斯基摩人将房屋部分建造在地下有两个原因，一是他们缺乏建造墙和房梁的主要材料；二是他们想要房屋少受严冬的侵扰。所以，本题的正确答案应是 D。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题是一道具体细节题。问在漫长的寒冬里，爱斯基摩人通常住在哪里。利用查阅式阅读法，我们发现文章第二段第三句指出，除漂浮木以外，其他可用
