1、在职攻硕英语联考（阅读）模拟试卷 57及答案与解析 一、 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your an
2、swer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 0 Though it is mere 1 to 3 percent of the population, the upper class possesses at least 25 percent of the nations wealth. This class has two segments: upper upper and lower upper. Basically, the upper class is the “old rich“ families t
3、hat have been wealthy for several generations and aristocracy (贵族 ) of birth and wealth. Their names are in the Social Register, a listing of acceptable members of high society. A few are known across the nation, such as the Rock-fellers, Roosevelts, and Vanderbilts. Most are not visible to the gene
4、ral public. They live in grand seclusion (深居简出 ) , drawing their income from the investment of their inherited wealth. In contrast, the lower upper class is the “new rich“. Although they may be wealthier than some of the old rich, the new rich have hustled(急于做 )to make their money like everybody els
5、e beneath their class. Thus their prestige is generally lower than that of the old rich, who have not found it necessary to lift a finger to make their money, and who tend to look down upon the new rich. However its wealth is acquired, the upper class is very, very rich. They have enough money and l
6、eisure time to cultivate an interest in the arts and to collect rare books, paintings, and sculptures. They generally live in exclusive areas, belong to exclusive social clubs, communicate with each other, and marry their own kind all of which keeps them so distant from the masses that they have bee
7、n called the out of sight class. More than any other class, they tend to be conscious of being members of a class. They also command an enormous amount of power and influence here and abroad, as they hold many top government positions, run the Council on Foreign Relations, and control multinational
8、corporations. Their actions affect the lives of millions. 1 All the following statements are true EXCEPT that_. （ A） the upper class is of aristocratic origin （ B） the “old rich“ enjoy higher prestige than the “new rich“ （ C） the “old rich“ isolate themselves and lead a lonely life （ D） the upper cl
9、ass owns at least a quarter of the countrys wealth 2 The “old rich“ get richer_. （ A） through the Social Register （ B） through their reputation （ C） by investing their inherited wealth （ D） by collecting paintings and sculptures 3 The reason why the “old rich“ look down upon the “new rich“ is that_.
10、 （ A） the former are wealthier than the latter （ B） the latter sweat themselves to make money （ C） the “new rich“ have no interest in arts （ D） the “old rich“ are conscious of being members of the upper class 4 The upper class is also called the out of sight class because_. （ A） they keep away from
11、the general public （ B） they spend most of their time abroad （ C） they move frequently from place to place （ D） they dont communicate with any people 5 We can learn from the passage that_. （ A） the upper class is powerful and influential （ B） the upper class collects rare books to make money （ C） th
12、e upper class holds all top government positions （ D） the “old rich“ make much more money than the “new rich“ 5 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative
13、 and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed
14、. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often referred to as “nature/nurture“. Two who support the “nature“ side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavio
15、r patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we
16、 are almost completely governed by our instincts. Proponents of the “nurture“ theory, or as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings wh
17、ose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In
18、 fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. 6 Which of the following statements would supporters of the “nature“ theory agree with? （ A） A persons instincts have little effect on his
19、actions. （ B） Environment is important in determining a persons behavior and personality. （ C） Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act. （ D） The behaviorists view correctly explains how we act. 7 Which of the following statements would proponents of the “nurture“ theory agree with?
20、（ A） Environment has little to do with behavior. （ B） Behaviorist theory is not correct. （ C） Biologically based instincts are important in how we act. （ D） A persons character is greatly influenced by his environment. 8 3.B.F. Skinner_. （ A） supports the nature theory （ B） thinks the environment pl
21、ays an important role in determining character （ C） believes instincts govern behavior （ D） believes in the importance of genes in determining personality 9 Concerning the nature/nurture controversy, the writer of this article_. （ A） supports the nature theory （ B） supports the nurture theory （ C） b
22、elieves both are completely wrong （ D） thinks that the correct explanation of human behavior will take ideas from both theories 10 In the U. S, black people often score below white people on intelligence tests. With this in mind, which one of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Nature propone
23、nts would say that whites are genetically superior to blacks. （ B） Nurture proponents would disagree that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. （ C） Supporters of the nature theory would say that whites score well because they have a superior environment. （ D） Behaviorists would say that black
24、s often lack the educational and environmental advantages that whites enjoy. 10 Where do pesticides (杀虫剂 ) fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil, water, and food, that they have the power to make our streams fish-less and our gardens and woodlands sil
25、ent and birdless. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world? We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning
26、. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farm workers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of pesticides are very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the
27、pesticides that invisibly pollute our world. Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative (积累的 ) over long periods of time, and that the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. F
28、or these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster. “Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs,“ says a wise physician, Dr. Rene Dubos, “yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them u
29、nnoticed. “ 11 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence “Man, .is part of nature. “(Lines 34, Para. 1)? （ A） Man appears indifferent to what happens in nature. （ B） Man acts as if he does not belong to nature. （ C） Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution. （ D） Man ca
30、n escape his responsibilities for environmental protection. 12 What is the authors attitude towards the environmental effects of pesticides? （ A） Pessimistic. （ B） Indifferent. （ C） Defensive. （ D） Concerned. 13 In the authors view, the sudden death caused by exposure to large amounts of pesticides
31、（ A） is not the worst of the negative consequences resulting from the use of pesticides （ B） now occurs most frequently among all accidental deaths （ C） has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attention （ D） is unavoidable because people cant do without pesticides in farming 14 Pe
32、ople tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemicals because_. （ A） limited exposure to them does little harm to peoples health （ B） the present is more important for them than the future （ C） the danger does not become apparent immediately （ D） humans are capable of withstanding small a
33、mounts of poisoning 15 It can be concluded from Dr. Dubos remarks that_. （ A） people find invisible diseases difficult to deal with （ B） attacks by hidden enemies tend to be fatal （ C） diseases with obvious signs are easy to cure （ D） people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides 15 We
34、 all associate colors with feelings and attitudes. In politics dark blue often means “tradition“, and red means “social change. “ But blue can also mean sadness (Im feeling blue), white is often for purity, although in China white is worn for funerals, and red is used to express the joy of a wedding
35、; in western Europe white is worn at weddings and black for funerals. Advertisers are aware of the importance of selecting colors according to the way people react to them. Soap powders come in white and light blue packets (clean and cold, like ice); cereals often come in brown packets (like wheat f
36、ields), but cosmetics never come in brown jars (dirty!). Where do these ideas come from? Max Luscher from the University of Geneva believes that in the beginning life was dictated by two factors beyond our control: night and day. Night brought passivity, and a general slowing down of metabolism (新陈代
37、谢 ); day brought with it the possibility of action, and increase in the metabolic rate, thus providing us with energy and initiative. Dark blue, therefore, is the color of quiet and passivity, bright yellow the color of hope and activity. In prehistoric times, activity as a rule took one of two form
38、s: either we were hunting and attacking, or we were being hunted and defending ourselves against attack. Attack is universally represented by the color red; self-preservation by its complement green. 16 In Luschers view, the association of colors with feelings and attitudes can be traced back to （ A
39、） the association of day and night with passivity and action in ancient time （ B） the association of black with funerals in western Europe （ C） the association of white with purity in some countries （ D） the association of red with joy in China 17 Which of the following is NOT true? （ A） Dark blue b
40、rings tragedy. （ B） Dark blue means tradition. （ C） Dark blue represents night. （ D） Dark blue indicates quietness. 18 Soap powders come in white and light blue packets to_. （ A） resemble ice （ B） show quality （ C） suggest purity （ D） attract customers 19 In Luschers view, which of the following col
41、ors is associated with defense? （ A） Red. （ B） Blue. （ C） Dark. （ D） Green. 20 According to the passage, what kind of people would probably favor yellow? （ A） People who are passive and conservative. （ B） People who are creative and aggressive. （ C） People who are hopeful and active. （ D） People who
42、 are ideal and dreamy. 20 It is often realized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10th and 11th centuries. As a wife, the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry (嫁妆 ) or decimum. Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of desertio
43、n (离弃、 抛弃 ), but in reality its function in the social and family life of the time was much more important. The decimum was the wifes right to receive a tenth of all her husbands property. The wife had the right to withhold consent in all transactions the husband would make. And more than just a rig
44、ht; the documents show that she enjoyed a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband. In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife. The wife shared in the management of her husbands personal property but the opposite was not always t
45、rue. Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance against husbands who tried to exceed their rights, and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit. A case in point is that of Maria Vivas, a Catalan woman of Barcelona. Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she ha
46、d inherited, for the needs of the household, she insisted on compensation. None being offered, she succeeded in dragging her husband to the scribe (文书 ,抄写员 ) to have a contract duly (适时地 ,正式地 ) drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Miros personal inheritance. The unfortunate husband was oblige
47、d to agree, as the contract says, “for the sake of peace. “ Either through dowry or through being hot-tempered, the Catalan wife knew how to win herself, within the context of the family, a powerful economic position. 21 A decimum was_. （ A） the wifes right to receive one-tenth of her husbands prope
48、rty （ B） a written contract （ C） a gift of money to the new husband （ D） the wifes inheritance from her father 22 In the society described in the passage, the legal standing of the wife in marriage was_. （ A） higher than that of a single woman （ B） the same as that of her husband （ C） lower than tha
49、t of her husband （ D） higher than that of her husband 23 What compensation did Maria Vivas get for the field? （ A） Money from Miros land. （ B） Money for household expenses. （ C） A tenth of Miros land. （ D） Some of the land Miro had inherited. 24 Could a husband sell his wifes inheritance? （ A） Yes, if his father-in-law agreed. （ B） Yes, if she agreed. （ C） Yes, whenever he wishes to. （ D） No, under no circumstances. 25 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an effect of the dowry system? （ A）
