1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 116及答案与解析 Section A 0 When we started the Meyerhoff Scholars Program nearly 20 years ago, we faced a major challenge helping students of color achieve at the highest levels academically in science and engineering(S we have approximately 30 current scholars on campus. More than 5 p
2、ercent of the programs nearly 50 graduates have completed undergraduate degrees in S its selling community I those companies have poured more and more resources into marketing campaigns. To pay for those campaigns, those same companies figured out ways to cut costs elsewhere, for example, by using c
3、ontract labor at home and low-wage labor in developing countries. Contract laborers are hired on a temporary, per-assignment basis, and employers have no【 C6】 _to provide any benefits(such as health insurance)or long-term job security. This saves companies money but obviously puts workers in【 C7】 _s
4、ituations. In the United States, contract labor has given rise to so-called McJobs, which employers and workers【 C8】 _pretend are temporary even though these jobs are usually held by adults who are trying to support families. The【 C9】 _expansion of marketing campaigns in the 1980s coincided with the
5、 reduction of government spending for schools and for museums. This made those institutions much too willing, even eager, to partner with private companies. But companies took advantage of the needs of those institutions, reaching too far, and【 C10】 _the civic space with their marketing agendas. A)a
6、bsorption I)logos B)implications J)ambiguous C)initiate K)alike D)newscasters L)overwhelming E)manuscript M)locomotively F)inevitable N)shifted G)obligation O)massive H)vulnerable 11 【 C1】 12 【 C2】 13 【 C3】 14 【 C4】 15 【 C5】 16 【 C6】 17 【 C7】 18 【 C8】 19 【 C9】 20 【 C10】 Section B 20 Business Ideas A
7、What makes a business idea good? Have you ever thought you had a great idea for a business but didnt do anything about it, only to find out that, a short while later, someone else did? How do you know if youll be able to make the business work? BIf you think you want to start your own business you h
8、ave to first eliminate any doubts you may have about yourself and your abilities. That means that you have to first identify your own strengths and decide if youre the type of person who can build a business and make it a success. Once you have determined that, then you need a goodno, make that a gr
9、eat idea for a business. Do you have what it takes? CThere are some basic skills that you, as a potential business owner, should have. If you dont have them then you need to at least have a friend or family member who does or be willing to pay an outside service or consultant to do these things for
10、you. DFinancial management and accounting If you dont have the skills now, you either need to take the time to learn, or have someone else you can depend on to handle this side of the business for you. EMarketing You have to be able to sell yourself or your business. If people dont know about you th
11、en you wont get any business, and if you dont have any business then,technically, you arent really in business. So,marketing is a very important part of your skill set. Fortunately, it is also an easy skill to farm out to experts. FManagement skills You must have the management skills and organizati
12、onal skills in order to run your business. If you have no management experience at least start reading management books of all types that would apply to your business. GDetermination, enthusiasm, energy No one ever said being your own boss was easy! In fact, youll probably work harder than ever youl
13、l just get to reap more of the benefits. You have to have the energy to make your business succeed. If you have any doubts then maybe you should rethink the idea. If you read the success stories behind many businesses, youll see the recurring theme that the business owner had no doubts that he or sh
14、e would succeed, or that the thought of failing never entered their minds. Identifying your talents HFor some, coming up with the business idea is the easy part. They simply turn a hobby,or something else that they love doing,into a business. In some cases, this works great. In other cases,it doesnt
15、 work so great. Why the difference? Because you cant just try on the pants when you want to buy the whole suit. In other words, there are a lot of different things to consider when youre trying to come up with an idea for a business that will fit you. IThose people that have made a go of it by conve
16、rting their hobby into a business were lucky in that there was a market for their business in the first place. It doesnt matter how skilled you are and how much you love building those miniature replicas(复制品 )of Star Wars(tm)Millennium Falcons inside authentic 1940s 6-ounce Coca-Cola(tm)bottles, if
17、there arent people who want to buy them(i. e. a market)then youre not going to be able to support yourself doing it. It will still be a “hobby“. JIt still makes sense, however, to start a business that is based on things you know and are good at. You just cant stop there. It is also possible to star
18、t a business based on something you know nothing about. In this case, however, you probably should try and learn as much as you can before you get in too deeply. Or, consider buying a franchise(特许经营权 )that offers training, or an existing business from someone you can pump for information. You can al
19、so try working in the industry for a few months to pick up information. You may be surprised at how much you can learn even in low level positions. Finding business ideas that fit your talents KThe Internet is full of web sites that list page after page of business ideas. We dont list those ideas he
20、re, but have provided links to some sites that do on our Links page. What we want to do is to help you discover and evaluate the ideas that appeal to you and best fit you as an individual. LAny list of business ideas you find will basically boil down to three types of businesses. Those business type
21、s are manufactured products that you build and sell yourself, distributed products or services that you buy wholesale and then resell at a higher price, and services that you provide. MFor those three business types, there are typically four possible strategies. The strategies you might use include
22、inventing a completely new product for a completely new market, inventing a completely new product for an existing market, improving on an existing product and selling it to the existing market, and selling an existing product to a completely new market. NComing up with an idea for any of these area
23、s requires some observation skills and creative thought. Start with the things you know about and enjoy and look for ways to make improvements, or sell them to new people. Be observant everywhere you go. Look at how existing businesses operate and make note of the problems you see. Can you come up w
24、ith a way to eliminate those problems? Can you see a way to improve the service, product or marketability of it? Do you see trends in the market such as larger retired populations? Are there special products or services that that increasing market will need? OBrainstorm with friends, write everythin
25、g down, and study your list often. Make notes as you think of them. Ideas multiply into lots of new ideas. Evaluate these ideas based on what you like and what you know about. Once youve narrowed the list down to the finalists, read on to find out how to evaluate those ideas. Other deciding factors
26、PThere are few more things to consider when thinking about starting your own business. They include the followings: Your own level of commitment Consider the extent or length to which you would go to make your business work(i.e. travel, commuting, relocating, etc.)Your familys support and approval o
27、f your idea Having the support of your family is very important to the success of your business, as well as the stress levels you endure in working to making it happen. Make sure you have the support youll need both emotionally and from a workload standpoint. Zoning restrictions for the location you
28、 are looking at Make sure you know the restrictions on the types of businesses that can occupy a space(particularly if you are operating your business out of your home). Your town planning office or City Hall can provide that information. Your willingness to seek outside help if you need it Dont hes
29、itate to get professional help for your business. There are many resources that can provide you with great ideas and information that can help manage more efficiently and perhaps even find that “edge(优势 )“. The compatibility of the business with your lifestyle If youre a night person and hate mornin
30、gs then you probably dont want to open a doughnut shop. Make sure your business idea fits the schedule you work best in. 21 It is not difficult for some people to offer the business idea. 22 Whatever an business idea you put forward, you d better have a look at how the existing businesses run and ke
31、ep track of the problems. 23 If one is more hardworking, he will benefit a great deal from setting up his business. 24 Many new ideas originate from existing ideas. 25 The person who wants to set up his business should first know what his advantages are and then see if he is qualified for setting up
32、 a business which will lead him to success. 26 It is sensible to start your business if you are familiar with or good at what you do. 27 For the person who wants to run his business, he should be good at management and organization. 28 As for the financial management and accounting, one could ask so
33、meone else he trusts for help. 29 The help from ones family is of great value in gaining success in business. 30 If you are not sure of your idea, you should think about it again. 大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 116答案与解析 Section A 【知识模块】 选词填空 1 【正确答案】 M 【试题解析】 由前一句话中的 : we faced a major challenge-helpingstudents
34、 of color achieve at the highest levels academically in science andengineering 可推知，当时，在学校里，非白人的少数民族学生不是很优秀，备选形容词中的 excelling“胜过的，优于的 ”在含义上与句意相吻合，故 M)为答案。 【知识模块】 选词填空 2 【正确答案】 K 【试题解析】 由空格后的 minority enrollment of approximately 20 percent可知，非白人的少数民族学生人数只占大约 20，名额很少，备选形容词中的underrepresented“代表名额不足的 ”符合
35、句意，故 K)为答案。 【知识模块】 选词填空 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 由空格后的 more than 800 highachieving students； we haveapproximately 30 current scholars on campus可推知，该项目招收了 800多名优秀学生， enrolled“登记，招收 ”符合句意 ，故 D)为答案。 【知识模块】 选词填空 4 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 由空格后的 performance“表现 ”可知，空格处应该是与performance并列的名词，备选名词中的 participation“参加，参与 ”与句意相
36、符，故 F)为答案。 【知识模块】 选词填空 5 【正确答案】 H 【试题解析】 空格后的 the effectiveness of instructional methods“教学方法的有效性 ”是需要进行评估后才能知道的，备选动词中的 evaluating“评估 ”符合句意，故 H)为答案。 【知识模块】 选词填空 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 结合下文提及的 we have gainedto achieve substantive ， durable change可知，他们获益匪浅， enormously“大量地，极度地，非常地 ”符合句意，故 A)为答案。 【知识模块】 选词填空
37、 7 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 结合下文可知，该项目还支持女性在专业方面的发展，professional“职业的，专业的 ”符合句意，故 E)为答案 。 【知识模块】 选词填空 8 【正确答案】 O 【试题解析】 由空格前的 Supported by和空格后的 from the National ScienceFoundation可推知，该项目应该是受到了国家科学基金会一项基金的帮助，故 O)grant“基金 ”为答案。 【知识模块】 选词填空 9 【正确答案】 J 【试题解析】 结合空格后的 plays in可知，此处是一个固定搭配： play thecritical role in“
38、在 方面起关键作用 ”，故 J)role“作用，角 色 ”为答案。 【知识模块】 选词填空 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 空格后的 nearly a quarter of all S&E tenure-track positions意为“近四分之一的理工科终身教授职位 ”，被选动词中的 occupy“担任 ( 职务 )；居于 ( 地位 )，占 (空间或面积 )”符合句意，故 B)为答案。 【知识模块】 选词填空 【知识模块】 选词填空 11 【正确答案】 I 【试题解析】 由空格所在句中破折号前面的句子 Brands are infiltratingpeoples everyday l
39、ives可知，品牌日渐渗透到人们的日常生活中，所以此处应该填入与Brands相关的词，故 I)logos“标识 ”为答案。 【知识模块】 选词填空 12 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 根据空格后动词 wear可推断此处缺少名词作主语。结合空格前的CBS“哥伦比亚广播公司 ”和空格后的 on theair“广播，在播送中 ”可推断，空格处应为 “新闻播音员 ”，故 D)newscasters“新闻播音员 “为答案。 【知识模块】 选词填空 13 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 结合上文的 as brands reach(and then overreach)into everyaspects
40、of our lives可推断，这种情况将不可避免地导致消费者对这些公司产生强烈反感， inevitable“不可避免的 ”符合句意，故 F)为答案。 【知识模块】 选词填空 14 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 由下文的 Its important for any healthy culture to have publicspacea place where people are treated as citizens instead of as consumers Weve completely lost that space可推知，人们的公共空间正在被市场营销所取代，这对于公民的权利和
41、义务来说意味深长，故 B)implications“意味 ”为答案。 【知识模块】 选词填空 15 【正确答案】 N 【试题解析】 由下文的 Starbucks isnt selling coffee； its selling community!可推知，越来越多的公司把对产品的关注转向对 “理念 ”的关注， shiftedfromto 意为“从 转向 ” ，故 N)shifted“换，转移 ”为答案。 【知识模块】 选词填空 16 【正确答案】 G 【试题解析】 结合上文的 Contract laborers are hired on a temporary和下文的This saves co
42、mpanies money可推知，由于合同工是根据工作量雇用的临时工，所以，雇主没有义务提供任何福利待遇 (如健康保险 )或长期的工作保障，故G)obligation“义务，责任 ”为答案。 【知识模块】 选词填空 17 【正确答案】 H 【试题解析】 由上文的 employers have no obligation to provide any benefits(such as health insurance)or long term job security可知，这种方法虽然让公司省了钱，但是，由于没有了诸如健康保险之类的福利待遇或长期的工作保障，工人们明显地处于弱势地位，备选形容词中
43、的 vulnerable“脆弱的，易受伤害的 ”符合句 意，故H)为答案。 【知识模块】 选词填空 18 【正确答案】 K 【试题解析】 本句句意：在美国，合同工已经导致所谓 “麦克工作 ”的出现，雇主和工人 假装工作是临时性的，备选副词中的 alike“相同地，同样地 ”符合句意，故 K)为答案。 【知识模块】 选词填空 19 【正确答案】 O 【试题解析】 结合第四段内容可知， 20世纪 80年代市场营销活动大规模膨胀，备选形容词中的 massive“大规模的，大量的 ”符合句意，故 O)为答案。 【知识模块】 选词填空 20 【正确 答案】 L 【试题解析】 本句句意：公司则利用了这种需
44、求，过分介入，用自己的销售工作日程 _了公共空间。备选动词中的 overwhelming“吞没 ”，故 L)为答案。 【知识模块】 选词填空 Section B 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 21 【正确答案】 H 【试题解析】 H段主要介绍商业想法来自于亲身经历，说明实践和亲历对于创业的重要性。题干中的 offer the business idea对应原文中的 coming upwith the business idea，故选 H。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 22 【正确答案】 N 【试题解析】 N段指出，商业想法的获得需要具有观察事物的能力和创新能力。题干中的 keep track of对应原
45、文中的 make note of，故选 N。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 23 【正确答案】 G 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 24 【正确答案】 O 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 25 【正确答案】 B 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 26 【正确答案】 J 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 27 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 F段指出管理技能是开办公司的必备要素，如果缺乏这样的技能，你至少要阅读各种类型的管理书籍以便用于管理公司。题干中的 begood at management and organization对应原文中的 have the management skillsand organizational ski
46、lls，故选 F。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 28 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 D段讲述了在财务管理和财会方面，创办企业的人可以依靠信得过的人进行 管理。题干中的 ask someone else he trusts for help对应原文中的 have someone else you can depend onfor you ，故选 D。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 29 【正确答案】 P 【试题解析】 P段指出创办企业者事业成功的其他因素 (诸如敬业程度、家人的支持等 )。题干中的 is of great value对应原文中的 is very important，故选 P。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 30 【正确答案】 G 【试题解析】 G段主要介绍创业应具备的五大素质 决心、热情、活力、勤奋和必胜信念。题干中的 not sure of your idea对应原文中的 have anydoubts，故选 G。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读
